A condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus, causing pain.
The appendix is a pouch-like structure attached at the start of the large intestine that has no known purpose.
Appendicitis begins with fever and pain near the belly button and then moves toward the lower-right side of the abdomen. This is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fever and chills.
Appendicitis is usually treated with antibiotics and surgery is required within 24 hours of its diagnosis. If untreated, the appendix can rupture and cause an abscess or systemic infection (sepsis).
i have already done a detailed study on appendicitis , and giving the link below
https://www.slideshare.net/martinshaji/appendix-appendicitis-medical-information
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A CASE PRESENTATION ON CROHN'S DISEASE / A DETAILED CASE STUDY SLIDES martinshaji
A case presentation on crohns disease , which is one of the irritable bowel diseases which is commonly seen in gastroenterology dept . this is a case study of a patient affected with crohns , treatment options , diagnosis, pharmacist interventions, drugs given , lab investigations , discussion and detailed study regarding the condition is also mentioned . this was made for my academic purpose , hope it will be usefull for students from medical professions ,
THANK YOU
MARTIN SHAJI
A CASE PRESENTATION ON CROHN'S DISEASE / A DETAILED CASE STUDY SLIDES martinshaji
A case presentation on crohns disease , which is one of the irritable bowel diseases which is commonly seen in gastroenterology dept . this is a case study of a patient affected with crohns , treatment options , diagnosis, pharmacist interventions, drugs given , lab investigations , discussion and detailed study regarding the condition is also mentioned . this was made for my academic purpose , hope it will be usefull for students from medical professions ,
THANK YOU
MARTIN SHAJI
Pancreatitis is the Inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Acute condition of diffuse pancreatic inflammation & auto digestion, presents with abdominal pain, and is usually associated with raised pancreatic enzyme levels in the blood &urine. this is a case study on acute pancreatitis describing factors such as patient demographic data , pharmacist intervention , pathophysiology , treatment , prevention , imaging techniques , diagnosis , lab investigation etc
this case study was prepared for my academic purpose ......
please comment .........
thank u,,,,,
viral hepatitis is one of the chronic disease and can cured with proper treatment and care .Here is the case study on viral hepatitis for pharmacy students .
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
a case study on urinary tract infection ( UTI) martinshaji
A case study on urinary tract infection , which gives a detailed study about UTI , the case study details about the treatment options , diagnosis , patient counselling , pharmacist interventions etc
this is a case study on gastroenteritis , this details about the diagnosis, management, treatment, patient counselling & pharmacist interventions , regarding medication etc , and also describes in detail about all aspects of gastroenteritis .
please comment if you read this
thank u
a case study on COPD with hypertension martinshaji
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms.
please comment
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case study on urinary tract infection.pptxdrsriram2001
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
case study on urinary tract infection.pptxdrsriram2001
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
Pancreatitis is the Inflammation of the pancreatic parenchyma. Acute condition of diffuse pancreatic inflammation & auto digestion, presents with abdominal pain, and is usually associated with raised pancreatic enzyme levels in the blood &urine. this is a case study on acute pancreatitis describing factors such as patient demographic data , pharmacist intervention , pathophysiology , treatment , prevention , imaging techniques , diagnosis , lab investigation etc
this case study was prepared for my academic purpose ......
please comment .........
thank u,,,,,
viral hepatitis is one of the chronic disease and can cured with proper treatment and care .Here is the case study on viral hepatitis for pharmacy students .
A case study on anemia with congestive heart failuremartinshaji
a case dealing with a patient having anemia with congestive heart failure, this gives a clear idea about management, diagnosis, treatment , patient counselling, pharmacist interventions etc
please comment
thank u
a case study on urinary tract infection ( UTI) martinshaji
A case study on urinary tract infection , which gives a detailed study about UTI , the case study details about the treatment options , diagnosis , patient counselling , pharmacist interventions etc
this is a case study on gastroenteritis , this details about the diagnosis, management, treatment, patient counselling & pharmacist interventions , regarding medication etc , and also describes in detail about all aspects of gastroenteritis .
please comment if you read this
thank u
a case study on COPD with hypertension martinshaji
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure typically does not cause symptoms.
please comment
thank u....
case study on urinary tract infection.pptxdrsriram2001
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
case study on urinary tract infection.pptxdrsriram2001
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that occurs anywhere in the urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Here's a detailed explanation of urinary tract infections in four steps:
Cause and Risk Factors: UTIs are typically caused by bacteria, most commonly Escherichia coli (E. coli) which is found in the digestive system. However, other bacteria such as Klebsiella and Staphylococcus saprophyticus can also cause UTIs. UTIs can occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and multiply in the bladder. Risk factors for developing UTIs include:
Female anatomy: Women have a shorter urethra than men, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
Sexual activity: Sexual intercourse can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract.
Certain types of birth control: Diaphragms and spermicides can increase the risk of UTIs.
Menopause: Decreased estrogen levels can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase susceptibility to infections.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Conditions such as kidney stones or an enlarged prostate can obstruct the flow of urine, increasing the risk of UTIs.
Symptoms: The symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is affected. Common symptoms include:
Pain or burning sensation during urination (dysuria)
Frequent urination
Urgency to urinate
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
Pelvic pain in women
Rectal pain in men
Symptoms of a UTI in the elderly or individuals with weakened immune systems may be less specific and may include confusion or agitation.
Diagnosis: Diagnosis of a UTI typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. A urine sample may be collected to test for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or other indicators of infection. In some cases, a urine culture may be performed to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics are most effective for treatment. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or CT scans may be ordered if there is suspicion of complications such as kidney infection or urinary tract obstruction.
Treatment and Prevention: Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment may vary depending on the severity of the infection, the specific bacteria involved, and any underlying health conditions. In addition to antibiotic therapy, drinking plenty of fluids and urinating frequently can help flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Preventive measures for UTIs include:
Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
Urinating soon after sexual intercourse
Wiping from front to back after using the toilet
Avoiding the use of irritating feminine products or douches
Taking showers instead of baths
Cranberry products may help prevent recurrent UTIs in some individuals by preventing bacteria from adhering to the uti
MALARIAL FEVER A CASE PRESENTATION .pptxdrsriram2001
Definition of Malaria:
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
2. Causative Agent and Life Cycle:
Plasmodium Species:
The primary malaria parasites affecting humans are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi.
Life Cycle:
Mosquito Stage: The cycle begins when an infected female mosquito bites a human, injecting sporozoites into the bloodstream.
Liver Stage: Sporozoites travel to the liver, where they mature into schizonts, releasing merozoites.
Blood Stage: Merozoites invade red blood cells, leading to cycles of replication and causing symptoms. Some parasites develop into sexual forms (gametocytes), which can be taken up by mosquitoes during a blood meal, completing the cycle.
3. Symptoms:
Febrile Paroxysms:
Malaria typically presents with recurrent episodes of fever, chills, and sweating, known as paroxysms.
Anemia:
The destruction of red blood cells by the parasites can lead to anemia.
Organ Dysfunction:
Severe malaria, often caused by P. falciparum, can lead to organ dysfunction, including cerebral malaria affecting the brain, severe anemia, respiratory distress, and kidney failure.
4. Treatment:
Antimalarial Drugs:
Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) are the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Examples include artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine.
For severe malaria, intravenous artesunate is often recommended.
Preventive Measures:
Bed nets treated with insecticides are effective in preventing mosquito bites.
Chemoprophylaxis with antimalarial drugs is recommended for individuals traveling to malaria-endemic regions.
Vector Control:
Mosquito control measures, such as insecticide spraying and environmental management, are crucial for malaria prevention.
A blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. A heart attack is a medical emergency.A heart attack usually occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to the heart.Without blood,tissues loses oxygen and dies
Stroke is the 2nd leading death associated disorder. It is also known as cerebrovascular disorder mainly caused by high blood cholesterol levels or rupture of cerebral arteries.
Case presentation on abdominal migraineLogeshwary M
adominal migraine. Treatment for abdominal migraine is based on NICE guidelines and is found to be appropriate for the patient.
Based on the guidelines, treatment should include an triptans or NSAID based on the condition of the patient along with an antiemetic drug if vomiting. Symptomatic treatment should be given along with these drugs.
But opioids should not be given for paediatric patient according to NICE guidelines and FDA- label
a case study on typhoid ( enteric fever)martinshaji
This is a case study on typhoid ( enteric fever) with a suitable real example case . this case presentation provides a detailed study about typhoid , about the disease condition and its all aspects , this includes , the diagnosis , treatment , patient counselling , pharmacist interventions etc
please comment if you read it
thank you
PHARM-D INTERNSHIP ANNUAL REPORT PRESENTATION UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF DR.R.GO...DR. METI.BHARATH KUMAR
PHARM-D final Internship Report Presentation Under the Guidance of DR.R.Goutham Chakra
If Anyone need this they can contact me via
dr.m.bharathkumar@gmail.com
F- findings, A- assessment, R- resolution, M- monitoring. A systemic method for recording the pharmacist's examination of patient pharmacotherapy and subsequent modification of medication related problems
this is brief study describes the aspects of iv cannulation for students and aspirants , this slide briefly comprises all the major aspects of cannulation .......................
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
Wilsons disease- A brief medical study. martinshaji
this brief study describes all the basic aspects of Wilsons disease , including management. as this is a congenital abnormality associated with severe complications on the future proper diagnosis management , and lifestyle modifications , …..surgical options are also needed ,if necessary .
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
Communicable diseases and causative agents- a detailed chart martinshaji
A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus or by being bitten by an insect................................................................this chart provides a clear idea regarding almost all communicable disease and their causative agents
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
TDM of drugs used in organ transplantation-detailed studymartinshaji
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is testing that measures the amount of certain medicines in your blood. It is done to make sure the amount of medicine you are taking is both safe and effective. Most medicines can be dosed correctly without special testing. the slide explain all the tdm aspects of the drug in detail / Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is testing that measures the amount of certain medicines in your blood. It is done to make sure the amount of medicine you are taking is both safe and effective. Most medicines can be dosed correctly without special testing.
martinsuja369@gmail.com
inbox for queries and more explanatory study materials
Organophosphate poisoning - a brief toxicological study martinshaji
this is a brief study on organophosphate poisoning , as it being more common problem in the health sector and emergency medicine now a days , this will be much helpful among health professionals .........text me for more topics
martinsuaj369@gmail.com
thank you
this case study describes about maxillofacial trauma , which details about the treatment, management , diagnosis, surgical options, patient counselling, pharmacist interventions & discussions are followed in this case .
please comment
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
Sleep disorders - a brief medical study martinshaji
A sleep disorder is any condition that involves difficulty experienced when sleep , such disorders involve daytime fatigue causing severe distress and impairment to work.
SD also have an impact upon social and personal functioning
this is a brief study on all aspects of this ...............
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thank you
for any detailed suggestions and for any medical study materials connect with me
martinsuja369@gmail.com
than you
A case study on Pangastritis with pancreatitis martinshaji
this case study describes about Pangastritis with pancreatitis , which details about the treatment, management , diagnosis, patient counselling, pharmacist interventions & discussions are followed in this case .
please comment
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
Blood transfusion-MANAGEMENT FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH SICKLE CELL DISORDER/DISE...martinshaji
Sickle cell disease is caused by a genetic mutation that leads to the production of abnormal hemoglobin known as sickle hemoglobin . Blood transfusion is the transfer of blood from one individual to another ..
Red blood cell transfusions help lessen anemia and reduce the blood’s viscosity, allowing it to flow more freely and ease disease symptoms.
this is a brief study
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
Compartment syndrome,- a detailed medical study .martinshaji
Compartment syndrome is a condition that occurs when injury causes generalized painful swelling and increased pressure within a compartment to the point that blood cannot supply the muscles and nerves with oxygen and nutrients. Muscles in the forearm, lower leg and other body areas are surrounded by fibrous bands of tissues. This creates distinct compartments. The fibrous tissue is very inflexible and cannot stretch to accommodate the generalized swelling. If left untreated, muscles and nerves fail and may eventually die.
hence this is a medical emergency needed fast and great medical supervision , his study provides a detailed information regarding compartment syndrome
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martinsuja369@gamil.com
Muscles -A LONG CHART ON IMAGES OF DIFFERENT MUSCLES- Myology|, kinesiology- ...martinshaji
this is a long chart on different types of muscles of human body with its images , this will be helpful for medical academics and better understanding , along with its names
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martinsuja369@gamil.com
P h value- a long chart on different ph. values martinshaji
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water .
this is a long chart on ph value of different substances
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martinsuja369@gamil.com
12 basic facts about tetracyclines - medical information martinshaji
Tetracyclines are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics used in the management and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases. Naturally occurring drugs in this class are tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and demeclocycline. used to treat infections caused by susceptible microorganisms such as gram positive and gram negative bacteria, chlamydiae, mycoplasmata, protozoans, or rickettsiae.
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8 signs and symptoms of breast cancer you - medical information martinshaji
After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. hence it is necessary to know its major symptoms which will help you to avoid a life threatening condition easily .....
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How to have a Clear Skin....HEALTH INFORMATION martinshaji
Clear skin is possible for everyone if you follow a basic good skincare routine for your unique skin type. these are some common methods for having good clear skin on considering medical aspects ,
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Liver failure is a life-threatening condition that demands urgent medical care.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute and chronic liver failure and as such causes significant morbidity and mortality.
this is a brief study on liver failure and associated liver conditions and stages of conditions ,
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martinsuja369@gmail.com
Natural ways to build healthy bones - health information martinshaji
Bone health is important throughout life. While you can never regain the bone density you had in your youth, you can help prevent rapidly thinning bones, even after your diagnosis. Calcium is a crucial building block of bone tissue. Vitamin D helps the body absorb and process calcium. Together, these two nutrients are the cornerstone of healthy bones.
this is a brief study for healthy bones .................................................
for any doubts or questions you can mail me @
martinsuja369@gmail.com
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Sleep According To your Age-health information | images martinshaji
Sleep plays an important role in your physical health. For example, sleep is involved in healing and repair of your heart and blood vessels.
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Doctors once thought bony growths called heel spurs brought on the pain. Now they believe that heel spurs are the result -- not the cause -- of plantar fasciitis.
Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the thick band of tissue (also called a fascia) at the bottom of your foot that runs from your heel to your toes.
this is a brief study on plantar fasciitis
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
5. • Electrolytes:
DIAGNOSIS:
CECT ABDOMEN:
Large3×4cm exfoliate growth in the region of
appendix.
mucinous fluid in Right iliac fossa.
mucinous and nodular peritoneal deposition over
Lower Abdomen, terminal ileum, omentum.
Parameter normal range Day1 Day3
Na 135-145meq/L 138meq/L 135meq/L
Cl 95-105meq/L 105meq/L 100meq/L
K 3.5-5.2meq/L 4.0meq/L 4.2meq/L
6. FOLEY'S CATHETER& RT ASPIRATOR
is arranged to the patient inorder to
drain out the urine &stomach contents.
NBM (Nil By Mouth) is suggested.
7. • PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS: Mucocele of appendix.
• TREATMENT PLAN: Lap appendectomy.( done on
10/12/18) . (Right Hemicolectomy+Omentectomy)
An omentectomy is a surgical procedure designed to
remove the omentum, which is a thin fold of abdominal
tissue that encases the stomach, large intestine and other
abdominal organs.
Omentectomy is done as the peritoneum shows small
clumps singly scattered epithelial cells. This condition is
suspected to be Pseudomyxoma peritonei.
8. SOAP NOTES:
• SUBJECTIVE EVALUVATION-
• Patient came with the chief complaints of abdominal pain.
• OBJECTIVE EVALUVATION-
• On Examination, the patient was conscious & coherent
• ASSESSMENT:
• Based on subjective & objective evaluation and
also after abdominal ultrasound scan confirmed it as
APPENDICITIS
10. PLANNING:
Brand
name
Generic
name
Category ROA/Fre
q
11/12/18 12/12/18 13/12/18
Inj.VIATRA
N
CEFOPERAZO
NE+
SULBACTUM
Antibiotic 1.5g/
BID
+ + +
Inj.
METROGYL
METRONIDAZ
OLE
Anti
protozoan
500mg/T
ID
+ + +
Inj.
PCM
PARACETAM
OL
Antipyretic&
analgesic
1gm/
QID
+ + +
Inj.
PANTOCID
PANTOPRAZO
LE
PPI 40mg/
OD
- + +
Inj.
ONDANSET
RON
ONDANSETR
ON
Anti emitic 4mg/
BID
- + +
FENTANYL FENTANYL opioid
analgesic
25mg - + -
11. PATIENT COUNSELLING – REGARDING
MEDICATION
VIATRAN: Its a broad spectrum antibiotic.
METROGYL: is an antiprotozoal which helps in treating
infections in the stomach, genital areas.
PCM: It is an antipyretic analgesic.
PANTOCID : It is a proton pump inhibitor. It decreases
the acid produced in the stomach and helps in
promoting healing of ulcers
ONDANSETRON: It is an antiemetic.
FENTANYL: Fentanyl is an opioid used as a pain
medication and together with other medications for
anesthesia.
12. Regarding disease :
DEFINITION: Appendiceal mucocelea occur when
there is an abnormal accumulation of mucin causing
abnormal distention if vermiform appendix due to
various neoplastic or non neoplastic causes.
13. Pharmacist Interventions
• The above prescription was irrational
• The pharmacist found both drug-drug interaction
and drug food interaction in this case.
• So the patient can use either narcotic
acetaminophen combination or narcotic ibuprofen
combination instead of fentanyl to avoid the
inetraction.
• In case of drug food interaction the patient should
avoid alcohols during medication.
14. DRUG INTERACTIONS:
DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS:
FENTANYL+ONDANSETRON
Using ondansetron together with fentanyl can increase the risk
of a rare but serious condition called the serotonin syndrome,
which may include symptoms such as confusion, hallucination,
seizure, extreme changes in blood pressure.
DRUG-FOOD INTERACTIONS:
FENTANYL+FOOD
Do not use alcohol or medications that contain alcohol while you
are receiving treatment with fentanyl. This may increase nervous
system side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness,
lightheadedness, difficulty concentrating, and impairment in
thinking and judgment
15. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS:
Incision Care
• Wear loose-fitting clothes. This will help the patient to be more
comfortable and cause less irritation around your incision.
• Shower as usual.
• Gently wash around the incision with soap and water.
• Don't bathe or soak in a tub or swim in a pool until the incisions are well
healed.
• Leave the Steri-Strips (little white strips of tape) in place for 10 days.
Diet
• Drink 6 to 8 glasses of water a day, unless directed otherwise.
• Take a fiber-based laxative, such as Metamucil, if you are constipated.
• Eat a bland, low-fat diet.
• Avoid streneous exercises for 2 to 3 months.