Acute dacryocystitis
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Acute dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, characterized by painful swelling below the inner eye corner. It is caused by an obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct leading to infection, most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus or pneumococcus bacteria. If left untreated, the infection can progress through stages of cellulitis, abscess formation, and fistula formation draining pus externally or internally into the nasal cavity.
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Bacterial corneal ulcer DrBP
Corneal ulcers occur due to loss of corneal epithelium and inflammation. Bacteria are a common cause and can penetrate breaks in the epithelium. Symptoms include reduced vision, pain, watering and photophobia. Examination reveals the size, depth and borders of the ulcer. Treatment involves topical antibiotics based on smear or culture results along with cycloplegics. Systemic antibiotics may be needed for severe cases. Surgery with tissue adhesives or grafting is used for perforations. Prognosis depends on severity, depth and cause of the ulcer.
Chronic dacryocystitis
This document discusses chronic dacryocystitis, an inflammation of the lacrimal sac caused by blockage and infection. It identifies potential predisposing factors and causes, including age, anatomy, foreign bodies, and common infectious organisms like Staphylococci. The condition progresses through stages from chronic catarrhal dacryocystitis to lacrimal mucocoele and chronic suppurative or fibrotic sac stages. Potential complications include conjunctivitis, ectropion, and corneal ulcers. Treatment options include lacrimal syringing, balloon dilation, dacryocystorhinostomy surgery, or dacryocystectomy if other options are contraindicated.
Acute dacryocystitis
Acute dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac that causes a painful swelling near the sac. It can develop from chronic dacryocystitis or nearby infections spreading to the sac. Bacteria like streptococcus are common causes. Symptoms include a tender, red swelling by the sac with discharge and fever. Without treatment, the infection can advance to an abscess that may rupture and form a fistula. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of any abscess, and dacryocystorhinostomy or dacryocystectomy to prevent recurrence.
Dacryocystitis
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal drainage system. It details the production of tears by the lacrimal gland, their spread by the eyelids, and transport through the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct into the nose. It discusses tests to evaluate the lacrimal drainage system for obstructions, including lacrimal sac compression and probing. Surgical treatments for obstructions like dacryocystorhinostomy are also outlined, as well as acute dacryocystitis resulting from duct obstructions.
Anterior uveitis
Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. It is classified as iritis, iridocyclitis, or cyclitis. Clinical features include pain, redness, photophobia, and vision loss. Signs include cells in the anterior chamber, keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, and complicated cataracts. Treatment involves cycloplegics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to reduce inflammation and treat underlying causes or complications.
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This document discusses scleritis, an inflammation of the sclera. It defines scleritis and notes it is less common than episcleritis. Scleritis can be classified as anterior or posterior, with anterior scleritis subdivided into non-necrotizing diffuse/nodular or necrotizing forms with or without inflammation. Associated systemic diseases are common in 45% of patients. Signs, symptoms, investigations, and treatment are described depending on the classification of scleritis. Surgical treatment may be needed for extreme scleral thinning or corneal complications.
Dacryocystitis
This document discusses dacryocystitis, which is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac. It is often caused by an obstruction of the naso-lacrimal duct followed by a bacterial infection. It can be either acute or chronic, and is classified based on whether it is acquired or congenital. Acute dacryocystitis causes pain, redness, and swelling and risks include older age and poor hygiene. Chronic dacryocystitis causes watering, mucopurulent discharge, and regurgitation of pus or mucus with pressure. Treatments include antibiotics, warm compresses, and surgery.
CHRONIC DACROCYSTITIS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac caused by obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The main cause is distal obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, leading to tear retention in the lacrimal sac. Clinical evaluation includes syringing and probing to assess the level of obstruction. Treatment depends on the stage but may include intubation, balloon dacryoplasty, or dacryocystorhinostomy to surgically create a passage from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity.
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Bacterial corneal ulcer DrBP
Corneal ulcers occur due to loss of corneal epithelium and inflammation. Bacteria are a common cause and can penetrate breaks in the epithelium. Symptoms include reduced vision, pain, watering and photophobia. Examination reveals the size, depth and borders of the ulcer. Treatment involves topical antibiotics based on smear or culture results along with cycloplegics. Systemic antibiotics may be needed for severe cases. Surgery with tissue adhesives or grafting is used for perforations. Prognosis depends on severity, depth and cause of the ulcer.
Chronic dacryocystitis
This document discusses chronic dacryocystitis, an inflammation of the lacrimal sac caused by blockage and infection. It identifies potential predisposing factors and causes, including age, anatomy, foreign bodies, and common infectious organisms like Staphylococci. The condition progresses through stages from chronic catarrhal dacryocystitis to lacrimal mucocoele and chronic suppurative or fibrotic sac stages. Potential complications include conjunctivitis, ectropion, and corneal ulcers. Treatment options include lacrimal syringing, balloon dilation, dacryocystorhinostomy surgery, or dacryocystectomy if other options are contraindicated.
Acute dacryocystitis
Acute dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac that causes a painful swelling near the sac. It can develop from chronic dacryocystitis or nearby infections spreading to the sac. Bacteria like streptococcus are common causes. Symptoms include a tender, red swelling by the sac with discharge and fever. Without treatment, the infection can advance to an abscess that may rupture and form a fistula. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of any abscess, and dacryocystorhinostomy or dacryocystectomy to prevent recurrence.
Dacryocystitis
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the lacrimal drainage system. It details the production of tears by the lacrimal gland, their spread by the eyelids, and transport through the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct into the nose. It discusses tests to evaluate the lacrimal drainage system for obstructions, including lacrimal sac compression and probing. Surgical treatments for obstructions like dacryocystorhinostomy are also outlined, as well as acute dacryocystitis resulting from duct obstructions.
Anterior uveitis
Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body. It is classified as iritis, iridocyclitis, or cyclitis. Clinical features include pain, redness, photophobia, and vision loss. Signs include cells in the anterior chamber, keratic precipitates, posterior synechiae, and complicated cataracts. Treatment involves cycloplegics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to reduce inflammation and treat underlying causes or complications.
Scleritis1
This document discusses scleritis, an inflammation of the sclera. It defines scleritis and notes it is less common than episcleritis. Scleritis can be classified as anterior or posterior, with anterior scleritis subdivided into non-necrotizing diffuse/nodular or necrotizing forms with or without inflammation. Associated systemic diseases are common in 45% of patients. Signs, symptoms, investigations, and treatment are described depending on the classification of scleritis. Surgical treatment may be needed for extreme scleral thinning or corneal complications.
Dacryocystitis
This document discusses dacryocystitis, which is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac. It is often caused by an obstruction of the naso-lacrimal duct followed by a bacterial infection. It can be either acute or chronic, and is classified based on whether it is acquired or congenital. Acute dacryocystitis causes pain, redness, and swelling and risks include older age and poor hygiene. Chronic dacryocystitis causes watering, mucopurulent discharge, and regurgitation of pus or mucus with pressure. Treatments include antibiotics, warm compresses, and surgery.
CHRONIC DACROCYSTITIS AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac caused by obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The main cause is distal obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, leading to tear retention in the lacrimal sac. Clinical evaluation includes syringing and probing to assess the level of obstruction. Treatment depends on the stage but may include intubation, balloon dacryoplasty, or dacryocystorhinostomy to surgically create a passage from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity.
HYPOPYON CORNEAL ULCER
A hypopyon corneal ulcer is caused by bacteria like pneumococcus and commonly results from chronic dacryocystitis. It is characterized by a yellowish disc-shaped ulcer, serpiginous ulcer pattern, and violent iridocyclitis that can lead to secondary glaucoma and early perforation. Treatment involves topical antibiotics, cycloplegic drugs, timolol maleate if secondary glaucoma develops, and dacryocystectomy if caused by dacryocystitis.
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This document discusses pterygium, a non-cancerous growth of fleshy tissue on the eye. It begins by defining pterygium and describing its characteristics and causes. It then discusses risk factors like UV exposure, prevalence based on age, sex and geography. Clinical presentation and staging is explained. Histopathology and recurrence are also covered. Treatment involves surgery like conjunctival autografting along with preventative measures and adjuvants to reduce recurrence. Complications and outcomes of different techniques are compared.
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Epiphora
Epiphora is caused by impairment of lacrimal drainage leading to excess tearing. It can be due to anatomical issues obstructing tear drainage pathways or functional issues with the lacrimal pump. Common anatomical causes include punctal, canalicular, lacrimal sac, or nasolacrimal duct obstructions from congenital abnormalities, infections, trauma, tumors, or other conditions. A patient's history and external/slit lamp exams can provide clues to the cause. Diagnostic tests like dye disappearance tests, probing, and imaging help localize the obstruction. Treatment targets restoring drainage or reducing tear production depending on the underlying etiology.
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Epiphora
The document discusses epiphora, which is excessive tearing or watering of the eyes, describing the various causes including abnormalities of the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, or nasolacrimal duct. Evaluation methods such as syringing, dye tests, and imaging are covered. Surgical treatments for different obstructions include punctal dilation, intubation, dacryocystorhinostomy, and silicone stent placement.
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This document discusses iridocyclitis, which is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body that share a blood supply. It can be acute or chronic. Acute iridocyclitis is caused by exogenous factors like infections or endogenous factors like other eye diseases, systemic diseases, or autoimmune diseases. Common autoimmune causes mentioned are Behcet's syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and sympathetic ophthalmitis. Clinical signs include pain, redness, blurred vision, iris abnormalities, and cells in the aqueous humor. Complications can include synechiae, glaucoma, cataracts, or cystoid macular edema. Treatment involves topical and sometimes
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Episcleritis
Episcleritis is a benign inflammation of the tissues beneath the conjunctiva and above the sclera. It commonly affects both eyes and is more frequent in young adults and females. Episcleritis can be idiopathic or associated with systemic diseases. Clinically, episcleritis presents as redness of the eye with mild pain or discomfort. Treatment involves lubricants and topical or oral anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Chronic dacryocystitis is inflammation of the lacrimal sac that is more common than the acute form. It is usually caused by anatomical factors that obstruct drainage or infectious agents like bacteria. The condition progresses through stages including catarrhal dacryocystitis characterized by watering eyes, lacrimal mucocele seen as an inner canthal swelling, and chronic suppurative or fibrotic dacryocystitis with persistent epiphora and discharge. Treatment involves dacryocystorhinostomy to reestablish drainage or dacryocystectomy to remove an infected sac.
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A hypopyon corneal ulcer is caused by bacteria like pneumococcus and commonly results from chronic dacryocystitis. It is characterized by a yellowish disc-shaped ulcer, serpiginous ulcer pattern, and violent iridocyclitis that can lead to secondary glaucoma and early perforation. Treatment involves topical antibiotics, cycloplegic drugs, timolol maleate if secondary glaucoma develops, and dacryocystectomy if caused by dacryocystitis.
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This document discusses pterygium, a non-cancerous growth of fleshy tissue on the eye. It begins by defining pterygium and describing its characteristics and causes. It then discusses risk factors like UV exposure, prevalence based on age, sex and geography. Clinical presentation and staging is explained. Histopathology and recurrence are also covered. Treatment involves surgery like conjunctival autografting along with preventative measures and adjuvants to reduce recurrence. Complications and outcomes of different techniques are compared.
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This document provides information on entropion, including anatomy of the eyelid, causes of entropion, classification, symptoms, assessment, differential diagnosis, and surgical and non-surgical management. Entropion is defined as inward rotation of the eyelid margin. It discusses various procedures for correcting entropion such as Quickert-Rathbun eversion sutures, lower lid retractor advancement combined with lateral tarsal strip or wedge resection, tarsal fracture/transverse tarsotomy, and use of posterior lamellar grafts for severe cicatricial entropion. Non-surgical management includes artificial tears, bandage contact lenses, lower lid taping, and botulinum
Epiphora
Epiphora is caused by impairment of lacrimal drainage leading to excess tearing. It can be due to anatomical issues obstructing tear drainage pathways or functional issues with the lacrimal pump. Common anatomical causes include punctal, canalicular, lacrimal sac, or nasolacrimal duct obstructions from congenital abnormalities, infections, trauma, tumors, or other conditions. A patient's history and external/slit lamp exams can provide clues to the cause. Diagnostic tests like dye disappearance tests, probing, and imaging help localize the obstruction. Treatment targets restoring drainage or reducing tear production depending on the underlying etiology.
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Trichiasis is a condition where eyelashes are misdirected toward the eye, causing irritation, pain, photophobia, and foreign body sensation. It can be caused by chronic inflammatory conditions or develop idiopathically. Left untreated, trichiasis can lead to recurrent corneal abrasions, opacities, vascularization, and non-healing ulcers. Treatment involves epilation, electrolysis or cryoepilation to remove misdirected eyelashes.
Epiphora
The document discusses epiphora, which is excessive tearing or watering of the eyes, describing the various causes including abnormalities of the puncta, canaliculi, lacrimal sac, or nasolacrimal duct. Evaluation methods such as syringing, dye tests, and imaging are covered. Surgical treatments for different obstructions include punctal dilation, intubation, dacryocystorhinostomy, and silicone stent placement.
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This document discusses iridocyclitis, which is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body that share a blood supply. It can be acute or chronic. Acute iridocyclitis is caused by exogenous factors like infections or endogenous factors like other eye diseases, systemic diseases, or autoimmune diseases. Common autoimmune causes mentioned are Behcet's syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and sympathetic ophthalmitis. Clinical signs include pain, redness, blurred vision, iris abnormalities, and cells in the aqueous humor. Complications can include synechiae, glaucoma, cataracts, or cystoid macular edema. Treatment involves topical and sometimes
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margin that can be anterior (involving the front of the eyelid) or posterior (involving the glands of the eyelid). Anterior blepharitis includes bacterial, seborrheic, and parasitic types. Bacterial blepharitis is common and caused by staphylococci and streptococci, causing chronic irritation, crusting, and redness. Treatment involves lid hygiene, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory drugs. Seborrheic blepharitis is associated with dandruff and treated with lid cleaning and antibiotic/steroid ointment. Parasitic blepharitis involves lice inf
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Corneal opacity is a loss of normal transparency of the cornea due to scarring. It can be caused by healed corneal wounds, ulcers, or congenital defects. Risk factors include vitamin A deficiency, measles, eye injuries, infections, contact lens overwear, and cold sores. Symptoms are reduced or lost vision, pain, redness, photophobia, and cloudy appearances in parts of the eye. Types of opacity include nebula, macula, leukoma, and anterior staphyloma. Treatment options are phototherapeutic keratectomy using excimer laser for nebula, optical iridectomy for central opacities, and keratoplasty.
Episcleritis
Episcleritis is a benign inflammation of the tissues beneath the conjunctiva and above the sclera. It commonly affects both eyes and is more frequent in young adults and females. Episcleritis can be idiopathic or associated with systemic diseases. Clinically, episcleritis presents as redness of the eye with mild pain or discomfort. Treatment involves lubricants and topical or oral anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Vernal kerato conjunctivitis
This document summarizes vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), a recurrent seasonal allergic eye condition that mostly affects children. It affects the conjunctiva and cornea and is caused by a type 1 and 4 hypersensitivity reaction to allergens. Symptoms include intense itching, redness, tearing and photophobia. Treatment involves avoiding allergens, lubrication, mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, topical steroids, and in severe cases oral steroids, NSAIDs or cyclosporine. Complications can include shield ulcers or giant papillae that may require surgical intervention.
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Cataract formation is commonly caused by blunt trauma to the eye and can result in flower-shaped opacities in the lens. Subluxation or dislocation of the lens may also occur due to trauma tearing the suspensory ligament. A cataract surgery may be needed to remove a visually significant cataract caused by trauma or other conditions like uveitis. Special considerations for surgery include damage to other ocular tissues, retained foreign bodies, inflammation, and zonular dehiscence.
Angle Closure Glaucoma
Angle closure glaucoma is characterized by a shallow anterior chamber that forces the iris against the trabecular meshwork, obstructing drainage of aqueous humor and increasing intraocular pressure. It most commonly affects older females and Asians. Predisposing factors include pupil block from iris contact with the lens and peripheral iris flattening. Symptoms include rapidly worsening vision, eye pain, redness, nausea and photophobia. Signs include corneal edema, fixed mid-dilated pupil, elevated intraocular pressure, and narrow iridocorneal angles on gonioscopy. Management involves emergency treatment to lower pressure through medications or surgery like laser iridotomy to create an opening in the iris.
Chronic dacryocystitis Quick Review
Chronic dacryocystitis is inflammation of the lacrimal sac that is more common than the acute form. It is usually caused by anatomical factors that obstruct drainage or infectious agents like bacteria. The condition progresses through stages including catarrhal dacryocystitis characterized by watering eyes, lacrimal mucocele seen as an inner canthal swelling, and chronic suppurative or fibrotic dacryocystitis with persistent epiphora and discharge. Treatment involves dacryocystorhinostomy to reestablish drainage or dacryocystectomy to remove an infected sac.
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Entropion is a condition where the eyelid rolls inward towards the eye. It is caused by an imbalance between the muscles and tissues of the eyelid. There are several types of entropion, including involutional (age-related), cicatricial (scarring-related), spastic, and congenital. Symptoms include irritation, pain, foreign body sensation, and tearing. Signs include an inward rolling of the eyelid margin. Treatment depends on the type but may include lubricants, taping, botulinum toxin injections, or various surgical procedures to correct the underlying cause.
Allergic conjunctivitis
This document discusses different types of allergic conjunctivitis, including symptoms, signs, pathogenesis, and treatment. It covers simple allergic conjunctivitis like seasonal and perennial forms. It also discusses vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, giant papillary conjunctivitis, phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, and contact dermatoconjunctivitis. For each type, the document provides details on clinical presentation, pathology, and recommended treatment approaches.
Lacrimal sac surgery
This document describes different surgical procedures for lacrimal sac obstructions, including dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) and dacryocystectomy. It outlines the anatomy, indications, preoperative requirements, steps of conventional DCR including osteotomy of the lacrimal bone and suturing of nasal and sac flaps, and post-operative care. It also discusses endoscopic and endolaser techniques for DCR and the indications for dacryocystectomy. Complications of DCR include wound infections, synechiae formation, and osteotomy stenosis leading to procedure failure.
Senile Cataract
Senile cataract is almost universal in people over 70 years old. There are two main types: cortical and nuclear (sclerotic). Cortical cataract involves the hydration and coagulation of lens proteins in the cortex, progressing through stages from lamellar separation to mature and hypermature forms. Nuclear cataract features intensification of age-related changes causing hardening and compaction of the nucleus, spreading from the center outward. Complications can include uveitis, glaucoma, and lens dislocation.
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Mucocele in oral cavity
A 70-year-old female presented with a 4-3 cm swelling on the left side of her neck for 12 days with increased pain while swallowing for 10 days. Sialadenitis is inflammation of the salivary glands that can be caused by infections, like mumps, or non-infectious causes. On examination, the affected gland is swollen and painful with warm, red skin and sometimes purulent drainage from massage. Treatment involves antibiotics, rehydration, and sometimes surgical drainage for abscesses, while removal of obstructions can help some cases.
Lesion information + case 2
sialoadenitis
simple flash cards in pathology
histology, clinical sign , history , scenario of salivary gland lesions
Cervicofacial infection
This document provides an overview of cervicofacial infections in children. It begins with an introduction and discusses the classification and aetiology of inflammatory neck nodes. It then covers the clinical approach, including history taking, examination and investigations. Specific cervicofacial diseases are discussed, including viral, bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal infections as well as parasitic infections and non-infectious inflammatory disorders. Bacterial infections like cervical abscesses, dental abscesses and deep neck space infections are described in more detail. The document provides a comprehensive review of infectious and inflammatory causes of neck masses in children.
Childhood TB
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a chronic infectious disease characterized by vague symptoms and a protracted course. India accounts for one third of the global TB burden, with 15 million infected people in India and 3-4 million of those being children. Tuberculosis most commonly enters the body through inhalation and can spread through droplets or ingestion. Primary infection typically occurs in the lungs or lymph nodes and may heal or progress to more serious complications affecting multiple organs if not contained. Common symptoms in children include failure to thrive, fever, and painless lymphadenopathy.
Empyema
This document discusses empyema, which is an accumulation of thick, purulent fluid in the pleural space caused by bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, chest trauma, or surgery. Common organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empyema develops from a parapneumonic effusion through exudative, fibrino-purulent, and organizing stages. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves imaging and culture of pleural fluid. Treatment requires drainage of fluid, antibiotics for 10-14 days intravenously or longer orally, and oxygen. Nursing diagnoses relate to impaired gas exchange, acute pain, and risk for activity intolerance.
APPENDICITIS.pptx
There are four types of appendicitis: acute, subacute, recurrent, and chronic. Acute appendicitis is most common and usually occurs in teenagers and young adults. The main cause is obstruction of the appendix lumen by a fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia, worm, or other foreign body. This leads to distension and inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms include pain localized to the lower right abdomen, anorexia, nausea, and low-grade fever. On examination, tenderness is found at McBurney's point with potential rebound tenderness. Leukocytosis is seen on blood tests. Without treatment, the appendix may perforate, causing peritonitis.
Cold abscess
1) Cold abscesses are collections of pus that develop slowly without signs of inflammation and are usually caused by tuberculosis infection elsewhere in the body, commonly the lymph nodes or bones.
2) They form via a pathological process where the tuberculosis bacteria are phagocytosed by immune cells, forming granulomas with caseous necrosis that can break down and track along tissue planes, appearing as painless swellings distant from the original infection site.
3) Diagnosis involves tuberculin skin testing, biopsy or aspiration of the abscess, and radiological imaging like ultrasound or CT scan may help locate the abscess. Treatment consists of anti-tuberculosis drugs alongside drainage of palpable abscesses.
SURGICAL INFECTIONS AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS.pptx
This document provides information on various types of surgical infections and nosocomial infections. It discusses cellulitis, which is a spreading skin infection commonly caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. It also covers Ludwig's angina, a severe cellulitis of the neck and floor of the mouth. Abscesses, boils, hidradenitis suppurativa, carbuncles, and other surgical site infections are described in detail, including symptoms, causes, treatment and complications. Septicemia, a life-threatening condition involving bacteria in the bloodstream, is also summarized.
Empyema
Empyema is a collection of thick, purulent fluid in the pleural space caused by bacterial pneumonia or lung abscess. It develops in stages from an initial exudative stage with low cellular fluid to a later fibrino-purulent stage with large numbers of white blood cells and fibrin. If not treated, it progresses to an organizing stage where fibrotic tissue forms between the pleural membranes. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, cough and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves imaging, labs and fluid analysis. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pleural fluid and sometimes surgical drainage or decortication.
Acute appendicitis.ppt
This document discusses acute appendicitis, including:
1. The pathophysiology of appendicitis is obstruction of the appendix lumen by fecoliths, lymphoid hyperplasia, or other causes, leading to inflammation, edema, and impaired blood flow.
2. Physical exam findings include migrating pain from the umbilicus to the lower right abdomen, tenderness over the right lower quadrant, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
3. Investigations show leukocytosis, elevated CRP, and imaging findings on ultrasound, CT, or X-ray of an enlarged appendix. The Alvarado score is used to assess likelihood of appendicitis.
4.
Similar to Acute dacryocystitis (20)
Clinical of nose anatomy dissection sinuses details
Clinical of nose anatomy dissection sinuses details
headandneckspaceinfections22-8-2016dr-160825044511 (1).pdf
headandneckspaceinfections22-8-2016dr-160825044511 (1).pdf
Head and neck space infections 22 8-2016,dr.bini mohan
Head and neck space infections 22 8-2016,dr.bini mohan
SURGICAL INFECTIONS AND NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS.pptx
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Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
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This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
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HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
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Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptx
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TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - ...
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TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.
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Non-invasive methods for ETCO2 measurement include capnometry and capnography. Capnometry provides a numerical value for ETCO2. In contrast, capnography delivers a more comprehensive measurement that is displayed in both graphical (waveform) and numerical form.
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A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
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Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
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Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
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Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
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Reinforce Positive Behavior:
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Acute dacryocystitis
- 2. Acute dacryocystitis is an acute suppurative inflammation of the lacrimal sac, characterized by presence of swelling in the region of sac The term derives from the greek dakryon(tear),cysta(sac),and it is(inflammation) The onset is acute,and there is painful swelling below the inner canthus,often combined with cellulitis
- 3. Obstruction of nasolacrimal duct leads to stasis of nasolacrimal fluid-infection Staphylococcus aureus –most common Pneumococcus
- 4. 3 Stages Stage of cellulitis Stage of lacrimal abscess Stage of fistula formation Risk factor Age-more common between 40-60 years(lacrimal drainage system loses its elasticity) Poor personal hygiene
- 5. Characterized by a painful swelling in the region of lacrimal sac Associated with epiphora,fever and malaise Swelling is red,hot,firm and tender Redness and edema spread to the lips and cheek When treated resolution may occur
- 6. Continous inflammation causes occlution of the canaliculi due to oedema The space is filled with pus,distends and its anterior wall ruptures forming a pericystic swelling-large lacrimal abscess formed Points below and outer side of the sac-due to gravitation of pus & medial palpebral ligament in the upper part.
- 9. When lacrimal abscess is left unattended- discharge spontaneously-external fistula below medial palpebral ligament Rarely, abscess may opens into the nasal cavity- internal fistula
- 11. Acute conjuntivities Corneal abrasion which may converted into corneal ulcer Lid abscess Osteomyelitis of lacrimal bone Orbital cellulitis Facial cellulitis Rarely cavernous sinus thrombosis can occur