The Ibanag people are an ethnic group found primarily in the provinces of Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, and Isabela in the Philippines. They speak the Ibanag language and have a population of around 500,000. The Ibanag are known for their agricultural traditions, fishing, and unique cuisine centered around ingredients from their environment like rice, fish, vegetables, and fruits. Their culture is also expressed through folktales that promote values like love, peace, and morality.

1. IBANAG

2. IBANAG
 Ang salitang Ibanag ay galing sa unlaping "I-" na
nangangahulugang “mga katutubong naninirahan,
nakatira" at bannag na ibig sabihin “ilog".
 Ito rin ay tinatawag na "Ybanag" at "Ybanak" o "Ibanak"
 Ito ay isang katutubong grupo na natatanging makikita sa
mga probinsya ng Cagayan, Nueva Vizcaya, at Isabela,
partikular sa mga tabing ilog ng Cagayan River at sa mga
bayan ng Tuguegarao, Abulug, Pamplona, Camalaniugan,
Lal-lo, Amulong, Iguig, Peñablanca at Aparri, lalawigan ng
Cagayan
 Ito ang pang– 17 na pinakamalaking minoryang grupo
etniko sa Pilipinas.

4. KASAYSAYAN
 Ito ay nagmula sa rehiyon sa kung saan makikita
ang malaking bahagi ng “Ilog Kagayan”.
 Kumalat pa gawing-Timog sa nakalipas na 200 na
taon at naka-inpluwensya sa mga katutubong
grupo kabilang ang mga Itawis, Isinay, at
Gaddang.
 Ang katutubong Ibanag ay may malapit na
kaugnayan sa mga tribong Agta, Atta, Yogad,
Isneg, at Malaweg.

5. MGA KATANGIAN
 Ang mga Ibanags ay itinuturing na isa sa mga
pinaka maka- angkop na grupo o tribo ng mga
Filipino.
 Sila ay kinikilala na siyang pinaka matangkad na
Grupo Etniko sa Pilipinas.
 Makikilala sa pamamagitan ng kulay ng kanilang
mga siko.
 Ang mga Ibanag ay may natatanging taglay na
taas sa tulay ng kanilang mga ilong.

6. POLITICS
 The early Cagayanos lived in villages governed by an Urayan
holding the executive powers, an ukom or judge and a
kammaranan who made policies and regulations of the
community.

7. PAMUMUHAY
 Ang mga Ibanags ay nagsasaka sa mga lupain na
malapit sa Lambak ng Cagayan.
 Sila ay gumagamit na rin ng mga makabagong
teknolohiya sa pagsasaka ng palay at mga
halaman.
 Mga masasaganang gulay at mga legume ay
lumalago sa kanilang mga lupain.
 Gumagawa ng mga matitibay at magagandang
itak.
 Ang mga Ibanag ay nabubuhay rin sa pamamagitan
ng pangingisda sa Baybayin ng Cagayan.

8. PANINIWALANG PANRELIHIYON
 Ang mga Ibanags ay naniniwala sa mga hindi nakikitang
espiritu at kaluluwa na kanilang tinatawag na i ari nga
masingan na naninirahan sa mundo ng mga magsasaka.
 Minangilu o minannanad (folk doctors) ay siyang naging
tagapamagitan ng mga espiritu at sa mga mamamayan.
 Ang mga sakit at karamdaman ay tinuturing na sanhi nang
mga napapatisud na kaluluwa.

9. MGA PAGKAIN NA GINAGAMIT NG MGA
IBANAGS SA KANILANG MGA RITWALS:
Coconut oil (denu) and lemon
juice- Gamit ng mga
manggagamot na tinawag na
minannanad (folk doctors) sa
pagmasahe sa palad ng isang
tao para malaman ang sanhi ng
sakit nito.
Tiny cup of cocoa and rice
cakes- pagkain na inaalay sa
isang kaluluwa sa isang ritwal
na tinatawag na mattunak.
Patupat Ibanag
(rice cake)

10. PAGKAIN
 Ang pamumuhay ng mga Ibanag’s ay sumesentro sa
kanilang mga pagkain.
 Ang kanilang mga pagkain ay nakikita sa iba’t-ibang
porma, kulay, lasa, hugis, at presentasyon
 Ang mga katutubong pagkaing Ibanag ay mailalarawan
bilang mga “aromatic, malasa, masarap, at
masusustansiyang pagkain.
 Ang mga pagkaing Ibanag ay maiiuri bilang mappaganas
ta accacan o pampagana; maca-macan o pangunahing
pagkain; at paddulse o panghimagas.

11. I. MAPPAGANASTA ACCACAN (APPETIZERS)
 For the Ibanags, appetizer is important since one should
be stimulated to savor the food served on the table.
 Mappaganas means to stimulate one’s gustatory gland to
eat.
 The best and most sought after appetizers are the onion
salad (salsa na sebolyas), pickled peper (sili nga artem),
lemon juice (daggo na dalaya)
 onion leaves salad (salsa nga kutchay,) which is a
concoction of onions mixed with fish paste (bagoong) and
chopped ginger with sliced tomatoes, is a favorite
appetizer among the Ibanag.
 Ibanag appetizers are simple and economical which came
from indigenous plants available in the surroundings.

12. II. MACA-MACAN (MAIN DISHES)
 are classified according to its sources which are aya-ayam
(animals), mana-manango (fishes and shellfishes), and gula-
gulay (plants)
A. Aya-Ayam (Animals)
These animals are baka (cow), nuang (carabao), kazzing
(goat), karneru (sheep), kitu (dog), utta (deer), bavi (pig),
pabu (turkey), manu (chicken), ayong (monkey), and patu
(duck), gansu (goose).
Meat is the focal point of the main dish
To the Ibanag, the substances sourced from meat give
strength to the body (mappasican), lengthen lifespan
(mappaapaddu ta attolay), refines way of living (malladda y
attolay) and mappasikan ta bagga-baggi.

13. B. Mana-Manango (Fish/Water Animals)
 are the other main source of the Ibanag’s staple
food
 The Ibanag’s vanity for fishes exemplifies the vast
variety of fish taken from the water
 These fishes are ludong (mullet), kurilaw (Manila
Sea Channel Catfish), agua/pasga/purung/vugasin,
sapsap (toothed ponyfish), mori (goby), tabbalay
(spangled emperor), ifun (goby), caggu (clam), kiwo
(eel), larangan (glassy pershlet), akaya (crab),
lasi/aramang ( tiny shrimp), cusifan/padaw
(lobster), patta (catfish), dalag (mudfish), basikul
(whelks), liddak (periwinkle), ala (freshwater clam),
agurung (periwinkle), vunganga (whelks),
berabig/birabid (whelks), kabibi (clam) and gurami
(fresh water fish).

14. C. Gula-Gulay (Vegetables)
 the Ibanags are experimental, creative and ingenious
when it comes to plants. All plant parts are considered as
vegetable food
 The mayan or underground crops used as vegetables are
camosi (sweet potato), rabanus (radish),
 The stems, leaves and flowers of plants are likewise
considered edible foods. These are afutu na dupo (banana
blossom), alibabag (alucon, Llk.), anta (string beans),
apape (balsam pear), balangac (swamp cabbage), Calabasa
(squash), catuday (sesban), cubay (Malabar nightshade),
don saluyu (jute), camosi (sweet potato),
lanteng/maralisto/baleva (eel grass), marunggay (horse
radish), nasi (spiny amaranth), paku (edible fern), papait
(sarsalida, lbn), pichay (pechay), rabung (bamboo shoot),
sili amiling (Chile or red pepper).

15.  Fruits and seeds of plants are also considered food (maca-
macan) among the Ibanags. These are amale (butterfly bean),
anta (string beans), anta (string beans), apape (balsam pear),
balatung (green gram), Baranghenas (eggplant), bassaw
(hyacinth bean), bichuelas (bush snap bean), cabatengga
(vegetable gourd), cabatiti (sponge gourd), Calabasa (squash),
candoli (white squash), capaya (papaya), cardis (pigeon pea),
gulapitan (lima bean), marunggay (horse-radish), nangca
(jackfruit),saluyu (Okra), sili amiling (chile pepper), sili macopa
(sweet pepper).

16. III. PADDULSE (DESSERT)
 is the concluding part of the meal process
 Fruits that abound within the area or the
community or within ones reach are what is served
as paddulse.
 These fruits are taken afresh from the trunk,
washed, peeled or pared, sliced, mashed, halved or
cut.They maybe eaten raw or cooked.
 Fruits are valuable sources of minerals like ion,
calcium, phosphorous, potassium and magnesia.
Most fruits contain vitamins A, B and C, sugar and
water

17. RICA-RICADU (INGREDIENTS)
 are a must for Ibanag social and culinary functions
 The basic ingredients or most common ingredients of
Ibanag indigenous foods are sebolyas (onions), ahus
(garlic), bagong munamun (fish paste), laya (ginger), tawyu
(soy sauce), asin (salt), and pamienta (pepper).
 Other important ingredients in the early Ibanag cuisine are
addulu, (kamias), bagoong aramang (shrimp paste),
bagoong ifun (fry paste), calamansi (Philippine lemon),
dalaya na sical (lemon grass), dalaya (lemon), don na
sebolyas/kutchay (onion leaves), kamasi (tomato), lappaw
na kalamagi (tamarind flowers), laurel (bay leaf), lugu na
calamagi (young tamarind leaves), lugu na lubban (young
pomelo leaves), nabbaggawan ta bagga (ricewash), silam
(vinegar), sili amiling (pungent pepper), and uzzin nga sili
(red pepper).

18. MARRIAGE, COMMUNITY & THE FAMILY
 The Ibanags are clannish: in a barrio, each one is a relative of
someone
 Marriage customs have been made simple to a certain degree.
 Wedding expenses are shouldered by both the bride and groom
 Preparations need not be extravagant, but the umune-ca
presents and maginterga (dowry) are still part of the traditions

19.  They have a great value on children, which is
considered as a gift from God
 Couples without children are deemed unlucky and
are believed to be punished
 Many beliefs and rituals of Ibanag are associated
with conception

20. HEALTH
 For childless couples:
-use prescriptions dictated by older
members of the community
-illug na tanggalawa (eggs of a
house insect called tanggalawa) is
toasted and mixed with coffee
-the lupo (sterile one) says a
prayer and drinks the concoction

21.  To ensure the health of an expectant mother:
-Couple goes through a ritual involving the use
of a
lutung (a wooden container from a bark of a tree)
-A small piece is taken from it, pulverized,
burned,
and mixed with coffee. This will be served to
the woman on a full moon with chanting of
prayers.
 To eliminate pain during pregnancy:
-“mamattang” ritual is performed
-Eating of “pinataro”, a native cake, prepared by a
member of the household
-“Wari”, a food offering to the nature deities, is also

22. Characteristics of a child resulting from the
food the mother took while conceiving:
round-faced baby
-the mother craved for lubbang
(orange)
dark-skinned infant
-the mother craved for
lumbong (a violet fruit)

23. WIKA O LENGGUWA
 Ang kanilang pangunahing wika ay tinatawag ring
Ibanag.
 Ito rin ang ginagamit na wika ng mga kalapit na
grupo etniko katulad ng Gaddang,Yogad, at Aeta.
 Ito ay opisyal na wika na binibigkas ng humigit
kumulang na 500,000 ka tao sa mga lalawigan ng
Isabela at Cagayan lalong-lalo na sa Tuguegarao,
Solana, Cabagan, and Ilagan.
 Karamihan sa mga Ibanag ay marunong rin
magsalita sa wikang Ilokano.

24. LITERATURE
 Ibanag folk literature is the expression of Cagayanos'
emotions and has spread to some parts of Northern Luzon
 their great number of folk literature promote love, peace,
justice, honesty, unity, morality, reconciliation, and lifestyle
improvement because of the divisiveness and vices everyday
conflicts can bring to a person.

25.  Their literature is didactic, moralistic, predominantly
sentimental, romantic, socialistic, comic and spiritual.
 Their poetry is mostly sung, handed down to the present by
way of oral tradition
 They are also fond of making proverbs (unoni) and riddles
(palavvun)

26. The following is an example of a riddle(palavvun):
Nu magitubang atannang nu manaddak alinno
(When it sits, it is tall.When it stands, it is small.)
ANSWER:
Dog

27. Ibanag Dancers

28. Early Ibanags

29. Modern Ibanag Youth

30. COMPARISON BETWEEN EARLY
IBANAGS AND MODERN DAY IBANAGS
Early Ibanags
 practice various traditions and customs
 perform different rituals and have several beliefs
 were lowland farmers
 Used Ibanag as their medium of communication

31. Modern day Ibanags
 Some still practice their traditions and customs
especially those in the far-flung barrios
 most of the Ibanags in towns no longer adhere to
this customs because they are already
economically rich and educated
 They are now more engaged to fishing and
farming
 In the aspect of their language, the use of Ibanag
language has now diminished but remains strong
with Ibanags living overseas