Herbal preparation with 10 examples each of herbal decoction and tinctures/syrups, with indications and contraindications.

1. HERBAL
PREPARATION
Herbal Decoction & Tinctures/Syrup

2. QUICK RECAPITULATION

3. HERBAL DECOCTION
⦿A decoction is an herbal preparation
created by boiling herbs in liquid, usually
water.
⦿“the object of preparing decoctions is to
secure, in aqueous solution, the soluble
active principles of herbs that are hard and
woody and have a close, dense texture”

4. HERBAL TINCTURES/SYRUP
⦿Tinctures are concentrated herbal extracts
made by soaking the bark, berries, leaves
(dried or fresh), or roots from one or more
plants in alcohol or vinegar.
⦿Syrup is a liquid preparation of medicinal or
flavoring substances in a concentrated
aqueous solution of sugar, usually a sucrose

5. COMPARISON
Indications Contraindications
⦿ In medicine, it is a
condition which
makes a particular
treatment or
procedure advisable.
⦿ (kung pwede gamiton ang
herb)
⦿ Contraindications are
symptoms or
conditions that make
a particular
treatment or
procedure
inadvisable.
⦿ (nganung dili pwede gamiton
ang herb)

6. HERBAL DECOCTION
Indications and Contraindications

7. 1. Bayabas
2. Lagundi
3. Bawang
4. Akapulko
5. Sambong
6. Guyabano
7. Ginger
8. Sappan Wood
9. Aloe Vera
10. Kalabo

8. 1. BAYABAS
(PSIDIUM GUAJAVA)
Guava
⦿ A tree about 4 to 5
meters high with tiny
white flowers with
round or oval fruits that
are eaten raw.
⦿ Guava leaves are to be
chopped well and
chopped. Boil for
15minutes at low fire.
Do not cover. Cool and
strain before use.

9. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Decoction of bark and leaves
used for diarrhea, boil and drink
1/4 of the decoction every 3 - 4
hours.
• Warm decoction of leaves for
aromatic baths,
• wound cleaning to prevent
infection and to facilitate
healing,
• Root bark also used as
mouthwash for swollen gums.
• Eating too much of Bayabas
fruit can cause constipation.
• For its potassium content,
should be used under medical
observation in case of patients
with cardiac treatment.
• It should not be used in
children, pregnancy and
lactation.
• If there is no improvement to
diarrhea symptoms in two days,
consult your doctor.

10. 2. LAGUNDI
(VITEX NEGUNDO)
5-leaved chaste tree
⦿ A shrub growing wild in
vacant lots and waste
land.
⦿ The flowers are blue
and bell-shaped
⦿ The small fruits turn
black when ripe
⦿ It is better to collect the
leaves when are in bloom.

11. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Leaf decoction for fever,
headache, toothache, cough,
asthma.
• used externally for cleaning
ulcers and internally for
flatulence,
• also used as a lactagogue and
emmenagogue.
•aromatic baths;
• insectifuge.
• used as warm bath by women
suffering with after-pains in the
puerperal period,
• baths for new born children.
• Decoction of bark, tops and
leaves used as antigastralgic.
•There are no known
contraindications.
PRECAUTIONS: Safety in
pregnant and lactating women
has not been established.
SIDE EFFECTS: Only mild side
effects on few patients such as
itchiness, nausea and vomiting,
tachycardia, diarrhea, drowsiness
and body malaise were reported
without predominating complaint
with similar incidence on placebo
control.

12. 3. BAWANG
(ALLIUM SATIVUM)
Garlic
⦿ A low herb and grows
up to sixty cm high
⦿ Leaves are flat and
linear
⦿ Bulb consist of several
tubers

13. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Decoction of leaves and bulbs
for
fever
ashypotensive,
carminative,
expectorant,
antihelmintic,
tonsillitis
• Bleeding
disorders, surgery within 1-2
weeks.
• garlic may decrease platelet
aggregation and have
antifibrinolytic activity
• should be used with caution in
patients on anticoagulant
therapy.
• increase the effects of
hypoglycemic drugs.
• No information is available
regarding use of garlic during
pregnancy or while
breastfeeding.

14. 4. AKAPULKO
(CASSIA ALATA)
⦿ Ringworm bush
⦿ Bayas-bayasan
⦿ This plant is about 1
to 2 meters tall

15. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
Prepared as decoction:
• Expectorant for bronchitis and
dyspnoea
• Alleviation of asthma symptoms
• Used as diuretic and purgative
• For cough & fever
• As a laxative to expel intestinal
parasites and other stomach
problems
• contains Vitamin K that may act
as an anticoagulant
• contains canavanine, an amino
acid known to aggravate
symptoms of auto-immune
diseases
• possesses Immunosuppressive
action. Therefore, avoid taking
corticosteroids or cyclosporine
with Akapulko
• when taking medications for
diabetes, hypertension, heart
problems, etc., Akapulko may
couter-act or aggravate its
effectiveness.
• A strong decoction of Akapulko
leaves is an abortifacient.
• Pregnant women should not
take decoction of the leaves or
any part of this plant.

16. 5. SAMBONG
(BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA)
⦿ A plant that reaches
1½ to 3 meters in
height with rough
hairy leaves

17. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Diuretic- drank as decoction
• colds and coughs
• diarrhea and stomach
spasms
• Anti-urolithiasis
• not used for clients with
kidney stone
• Pregnancy and breast-
feeding: Not enough is known
about the use of sambong
during pregnancy and breast-
feeding. Stay on the safe side
and avoid use.
• Allergic reaction for people
sensitive to ragweed plants
and its relatives

18. 6. GUYABANO
(ANNONA MURICATA)
goes by several names:
soursop, custard apple,
graviola, and guyabano.
a broadleaf, flowering,
evergreen tree.

19. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• The decoction can also be
used as a wet compress on
swollen feet and other
inflammations.
• To reduce fever, a decoction
of leaves can be taken
internally.
• help induce sleep.
• Decoction of leaves used of
head lice and bedbugs.
• "Guyabano seeds are toxic, and
care must be taken to assure that
all are removed before the pulp is
processed, “remind
"Underexploited Tropical Plants
with Promising Economic Value,
• A study conducted in the
Caribbean has suggested a
connection between consumption
of guyabano and atypical forms of
Parkinson's disease due to the
very high concentration of
annonacin
• Presence of alkaloids anonaine
and anoniine have been reported.

20. 7. GINGER
(ZINGIBER OFFICINALE)
⦿ a plant with leafy
stems and yellowish
green flowers
⦿ comes from the roots
of the plant
⦿ native to warmer
parts of Asia

21. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Using other beneficial
ingredients such as honey or
agave and lime or lemon juice in
the tea will add more
antioxidants to the beverage and
improve its taste.
• reduce nausea and
inflammation
• work primarily in the stomach
and intestines
• brain and nervous system to
control nausea.
• for menstrual cramps,
osteoarthritis, diabetes, migraine
headaches
• One of the chemicals in ginger
is also used as an ingredient in
laxative, anti-gas, and antacid
medications.
• Refrain from giving ginger to
children under 2 years of age.
• not be suitable for people with
blood disorders,
heart problems,
gallstones, and other health
conditions.
• may interfere with the action of
some medicines, including blood
thinners.
• consuming it in high amounts in
foods or as tea may lead to:
nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Acidity
Low blood sugar
Interrupted sleep

22. 8. SAPPAN WOOD
(CAESALPINIA SAPPAN
LINN)
⦿ Sibukaw
⦿ mostly used as a
native medicine of
the visayan people
⦿ usually found and
live in the shaded
places along rivers
and is not
intentionally planted
here in the
Philippines

23. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Decoction of wood and bark used
for tuberculosis,
diarrhea,
dysentery,
postpartum tonic,
skin infections,
wounds,
ulcers
anemia.
• Seeds for stomach aches and
nervous disorders.
• Decoction of wood as
emmenagogue and and for vomiting
of blood.
• used as diuretic.
• A decoction of wood is given in
case of hemoptysis (coughing up
blood/blood-stained mucus from the
bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs).
• Heartwood decoction is taken
before sleep.
• It must not be taken in
excess.
• A decoction of the wood is
considered a powerful
emmenagogue.
• It should not be used during
pregnancy. In South Korea, it is
used for causing abortion.

24. 9. ALOE VERA
(ALOE BARBADENSIS
MILLER)
⦿ You can make a
decoction of the
leaves but you don’t
eat them.
⦿ You can eat the outer
green skin of the aloe
plant as well as the
inner gel.
⦿ The yellow latex that
lies between them is
the only part of the
plant that you
shouldn’t eat.

25. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• work as a laxative.
• strong antioxidant effects
• for conditions such
as obesity, diabetes, osteoart
hritis, and many others, but
there is no good scientific
evidence to support these
uses.
• Contraindicated in cases of
known allergy to plants in the
Liliaceae family.
• not recommended during
pregnancy due to theoretical
stimulation of uterine
contractions, and in breastfeeding
mothers,
• sometime causes gastrointestinal
distress in nursing infant
• Prolonged use has been reported
to increase the risk of colorectal
cancer.
• Laxative effect may cause
electrolyte imbalances

26. 10. KALABO
(ORIGANUM VULGARE)
⦿ Oregano
⦿ The Philippines
oregano plant can
grow up to 90 cm tall
⦿ leaves can grow as
big as a baby hand
⦿ leaves are in
heart form and a bit
hairy.

27. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Decoction of leaves given
after childbirth.
• decoction for pains around
the areas of the heart or
abdomen.
• For sore throats, a decoction
of two tablespoonfuls of dried
leaves to a pint of boiling
water, taken one hour before
or after meals.
•traditionally for bronchitis,
asthma, diarrhea, epilepsy,
nephro-cystolithiasis, fever,
indigestion and cough.
• Also for malarial fever,
hepatopathy, renal and
vesicle calculi, hiccup,
helminthiasis, colic, and
convulsions.
• more than four cups a day —
you might develop an upset
stomach
• If you’re allergic to any kind of
mint, avoid drinking oregano tea,
as you may be allergic to oregano
as well.

28. HERBAL TINCTURES/SYRUP
Indications and Contraindications

29. 1. Feverfew
2. Ginseng
3. Juniper Berry
4. Oak Bark
5. Hawthorn Berry
6. Passion Flower
7. Magnolia-Vine
8. Skullcap
9. Chamomile
10. Ma Huang

30. 1. FEVERFEW
(TANACETUM
PARTHENIUM)
⦿ The name stems from
the Latin word
febrifugia, “fever
reducer.”
⦿ belong to the family
Asteraceae (daisies) is
a daisy-like perennial
plant found commonly
in gardens and along
roadsides.

31. INDICATION
▪ Feverfew suggested uses include prevention and control of migraine,
allergies, arthritis, fevers, headaches, menstrual irregularities, psoriasis,
ringing in the ears (tinnitus), spinning sensation (vertigo), and cancer.
▪ Feverfew is used for other ailments including muscle tension and
sciatica nerve pain as well as used to lower blood pressure, lessen
stomach irritation, stimulate the appetite, improve digestion and kidney
function
• contraindicated in patients allergic to other members of the
Asteraceae family, such as aster, chamomile, chrysanthemum, ragweed,
sunflower, tansy, and yarrow.
• It is not recommended for use in patients undergoing surgery.
• Patients with blood-clotting disorders should consult their health care
provider prior to using products containing feverfew.
Pregnancy/Lactation
▪ Pregnant women should not use the plant because the leaves possess
emmenagogue activity and may induce abortion.
▪ not recommended for breast-feeding mothers or for use in children
younger than 2 years of age.
CONTRAINDICATION

32. 2. GINSENG
(PANAX GINSENG)
⦿ Ginseng refers to
eleven different
varieties of a short,
slow-growing plant
with fleshy roots.
Ginseng is believed to
restore and enhance
wellbeing.
⦿ It is one of the most
popular herbal
remedies.

33. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
▪ Erectile dysfunction
▪ Diabetes
▪ Depression
▪ Help Boost the Immune
System
▪ Heart disease
▪ Colds and flu prevention
(conflicting evidence from
clinical research studies)
▪ Cancer (lack of substantial
clinical research evidence;
however, one study found that
ginseng may help improve
fatigue in cancer patients)
▪ Blood pressure problems
▪ Heart conditions (such as
arrhythmias or rheumatic heart
disease)
▪ Clotting or bleeding problems
▪ Schizophrenia
▪ Immune system disorders (such
as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis,
or multiple sclerosis)
▪ Female conditions impacted by
estrogen (such as uterine
fibroids, breast cancer, uterine
cancer or ovarian cancer, or
endometriosis)
▪ Diabetes (Korean ginseng may
lower blood sugar)
▪ Insomnia

34. 3. JUNIPER BERRY
(JUNIPERUS)
⦿ is the female seed
cone produced by the
various species of
junipers
⦿ not a true berry but a
cone with unusually
fleshy and merged
scales, which gives it
a berry-like
appearance.

35. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
There are many medical
conditions that some have
claimed juniper berries can
treat including:
Heartburn
Rheumatoid arthritis
Insomnia
Eczema
Bronchitis
Diabetes
High cholesterol
▪ Juniper berries may be
contraindicated (not
recommended) in some
situations, including;
Kidney impairment
Liver conditions
Diabetes: juniper berries
may reduce blood glucose levels
Breastfeeding
Taking certain medication
pregnancy

36. 4. OAK BARK
(QUERCUS ROBUR)
⦿ derived from the
inner bark and round
growths known as
galls that form on the
tree.
⦿ also known as white
oak

37. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• due to its beneficial properties,
oak bark is used in the treatment
of such disease:
• Problems with the digestive
tract (diarrhea, dysentery,
gastritis, colitis);
• Disease of the oval cavity
(stomatitis, sore throat,
gingivitis, periodontal a disease);
• Gynaecological disease (thrush,
colpitis, erosion, leucorrhea and
inflammatory processes);
• “male” problems (prostatitis,
urethritis, premature
ejaculation);
• With burns, wounds,
seborrhea, sweating.
• With helminthiasis.
Using in the treatment and
rehabilitation of oak extract, it
is necessary to remember
categories of people are at risk:
- Having problems with the
kidneys, gall bladder or liver;
- Undergoing acute gastritis,
ulcers or cholecystitis;
- Having problems with
defecation (constipation);
- Pregnant and lactating women;
- Children under 3 years old.

38. 5. HAWTHORN
BERRY
(CRATAEGUS)
⦿ are tiny fruits that
grow on trees and
shrubs belonging to
the Crataegus genus
⦿ commonly found in
Europe, North
America, and Asia.

39. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Hawthorn is used for
diseases of the heart and blood
vessels such as congestive
heart failure (CHF), chest pain,
and irregular heartbeat.
• It is also used to treat both
low blood pressure and high
blood pressure, “hardening of
the arteries” (atherosclerosis),
and high cholesterol.
• orthostatic hypotension
• a form of low blood
pressure
• low blood pressure
• poisoning by the heart
medication digitalis

40. 6. PASSION
FLOWER
(PASSIFLORA
INCARNATA
⦿ commonly known
as maypop, purple
passionflower, true
passionflower, wild
apricot, and wild passion
vine
⦿ is a fast-growing
perennial vine with
climbing or trailing
stems

41. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Helps treat anxiety and
insomnia
• it is indicated in cases of
anxiety, insomnia, hypertension,
tachycardia, palpitations,
migraines, dizziness, ulcers,
gastrointestinal spasms.
• Dysmenorrhea,
neurovegetative dystonia
associated with menopause,
nervous cough.
• Myalgia, muscle contracture.
• Also in depressive states like
hysteria, nervous restlessness
and gastrointestinal nerve
complications.
In some people it can cause
some drowsiness.
It must be used only by
prescription and under medical
supervision.

42. 7. MAGNOLIA-VINE
(SCHISANDRA
CHINENSIS)
⦿ is a deciduous woody
vine native to forests of
Northern China and the
Russian Far East.

43. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• Used as and adaptogen for
increasing resistance to disease
and stress
• Increasing energy
• Increasing physical performance
and endurance
• People use magnolia for
conditions including weight loss,
stress, gingivitis, plaque, and
other conditions, but there is no
good scientific evidence to support
most of these uses.
• Increases the flow of bile,
individuals with gallstones or
blockages of the bile ducts
should not use this herb.
• It also stimulates the uterus
and induces labour, so should be
avoided during pregnancy.

44. 8. SKULLCAP
(SCUTELLARIA
LATERIFLORA)
⦿ refers to the flower's
resemblance to helmets
worn by European
soldiers

45. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
∙ Used for trouble-sleeping
(insomnia), anxiety, stroke,
and paralysis caused by
stroke.
∙ Also used for fever, high
cholesterol “hardening of the
arteries” (atherosclerosis),
rabies, epilepsy, nervous
tension, allergies, skin
infections inflammation and
spasms.
∙ American and Chinese skullcap
is associated with liver damage
and even liver failure in some
people.
∙ Chinese skullcap is associated
with lung complications and
American variety may cause
side effects like irregular
heartbeat, tics, anxiety,
drowsiness, and mental
confusions in some people.
∙ High doses of the tincture may
cause giddiness, stupor,
mental confusion, twitching,
irregular heartbeat, and
seizures.

46. 9. CHAMOMILE
(MATRICARIA
CHAMOMILLA)
⦿ herb that comes from
the daisy-like flowers
of the Asteraceae plant
family
⦿ consumed for
centuries as a natural
remedy for several
health conditions

47. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• effective in treating
anxiety
healing wounds
reducing inflammation
• used for sleep and can be
sedating
•
• people can be allergic to
Chamomile, especially those
who have a severe ragweed
allergy
• not recommended to women
who are pregnant and
breastfeeding

48. 10. MA HUANG
(EPHEDRA SINICA)
⦿ is a genus of
gymnosperm shrubs,
⦿ the only genus in its
family
⦿ grow on shores or in
sandy soils with direct
sun exposure

49. INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION
• For the relief of nasal or
bronchial congestions
Useful for respiratory conditions
Decongestant
• is recommended for those
with allergies, asthma, or colds
• raise blood pressure above
its regular range,
• potential risk for anyone
susceptible to Central Nervous
System stimulation

50. THANK YOU
for your time :)))