Definition of Historical Research
View on Values of H. Research
Questions Pursued in H. Research
Characteristics of H. Research
Steps in Conducting H. Research
Strengths and Limitations of H. Research
Sample Study
Definition of Historical Research
View on Values of H. Research
Questions Pursued in H. Research
Characteristics of H. Research
Steps in Conducting H. Research
Strengths and Limitations of H. Research
Sample Study
Research Design (Research Types, Quantitative Research Design and Qualitative...Alam Nuzhathalam
An overview of Research Design: Definition, Classification of Research Design, Experimental Research Design, Non Experimental Research Design, Qualitative Research Design, Quantitative Research Design..
Characteristics of Scientific Method
Replicability
Precision
Parsimony
Falsifiability
Replicability
When other people follow the same steps in your research and get the same or identical result.
Precision
Theoretical concepts, which are often hard to measure, must be defined with such precision that others can use those definitions to measure those concepts and test that theory.
Parsimony
When there are many explanations of a phenomenon, researchers must accept the simplest and most logical of them, to prevent explaining with many complex theories. This concept is called Parsimony or “Occam’s Razor”.
Occam’s razor or Ockham’s Razor is a principle from philosophy.
Falsifiability
A theory must always be stated in a way that it can be Disproved.
It must be tested or falsified
Theories that cannot be tested or falsified are not scientific theories and any such knowledge is not scientific knowledge.
Whose concepts are not accurately measurable cannot be tested, and is therefore not scientific.
Others Characteristics of Scientific Method
Verifiability
Objectivity
Generalization
Systematic study
Control
Scientific research design
Power of prediction
Cause and effect relationship
Theorization
Universability
Research Design (Research Types, Quantitative Research Design and Qualitative...Alam Nuzhathalam
An overview of Research Design: Definition, Classification of Research Design, Experimental Research Design, Non Experimental Research Design, Qualitative Research Design, Quantitative Research Design..
Characteristics of Scientific Method
Replicability
Precision
Parsimony
Falsifiability
Replicability
When other people follow the same steps in your research and get the same or identical result.
Precision
Theoretical concepts, which are often hard to measure, must be defined with such precision that others can use those definitions to measure those concepts and test that theory.
Parsimony
When there are many explanations of a phenomenon, researchers must accept the simplest and most logical of them, to prevent explaining with many complex theories. This concept is called Parsimony or “Occam’s Razor”.
Occam’s razor or Ockham’s Razor is a principle from philosophy.
Falsifiability
A theory must always be stated in a way that it can be Disproved.
It must be tested or falsified
Theories that cannot be tested or falsified are not scientific theories and any such knowledge is not scientific knowledge.
Whose concepts are not accurately measurable cannot be tested, and is therefore not scientific.
Others Characteristics of Scientific Method
Verifiability
Objectivity
Generalization
Systematic study
Control
Scientific research design
Power of prediction
Cause and effect relationship
Theorization
Universability
1How Does the Use of Reading Strategies Improve Achieve.docxaryan532920
1
How Does the Use of Reading Strategies Improve
Achievement in Science for Language Minority
Students?
Shannon Hicok
Glasgow Middle School
Fairfax County (VA) Public Schools
Submitted June 2000
Introduction
Two years ago, I began teaching science at Ellen Glasgow Middle School
in Fairfax County, Virginia. I realized right away that my language minority
students, especially those still in an English as a Second Language (ESL)
program, needed differentiated instruction in their mainstreamed science class.
The question then became, “How do I meet the unique needs of this population?”
This is a question with which I have continued to struggle over the past two
years.
I recognized that my ESL students had a great deal of difficulty reading
their science textbook. Although some students had success with pronunciation
and word recognition, adequate comprehension eluded them. Working with an
ESL teacher, I began to make accommodations in my instruction that seemed to
increase understanding during whole class and small group activities. However, I
was still puzzled as to how to help these students during lessons that required
individual reading.
In the 1999-2000 school year, I have had the privilege of working with a
small group of researchers who also teach language minority students. During
discussion, we agreed that improving literacy for these students should be our
primary goal and the focus of our research. Based on the difficulty my students
have experienced with reading comprehension, this is the piece of the literacy
puzzle on which I have focused.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to identify how the implementation of
various reading strategies improved achievement in science for ESL students. I
was particularly interested in their use in the science classroom. Using data
collected from this study, I hoped to make better decisions about the type of
instruction my language minority students needed. The end result was more
confident, successful learners.
Scientific vocabulary development is an area in which language minority
students historically struggle. In addition to learning new technical terminology,
students must deal with the varied use of familiar terms. For instance, in science
class, the words table and compound have a very different meaning than they do
in most other classrooms (Chamot, 1994). For these reasons, I decided that one
of the strategies chosen for the study would specifically target vocabulary
development.
2
The remainder of the strategies chosen for the study were intended to
help make reading a more active endeavor. I chose these strategies with the
hopes that they would help students comprehend written, scientific, factual
material.
Literature Review
Much research has been done regarding the effectiveness of using
learning strategies to promote literacy. The basic premise behind this research is
that students can benefit from t ...
1How Does the Use of Reading Strategies Improve Achieve.docxjoyjonna282
1
How Does the Use of Reading Strategies Improve
Achievement in Science for Language Minority
Students?
Shannon Hicok
Glasgow Middle School
Fairfax County (VA) Public Schools
Submitted June 2000
Introduction
Two years ago, I began teaching science at Ellen Glasgow Middle School
in Fairfax County, Virginia. I realized right away that my language minority
students, especially those still in an English as a Second Language (ESL)
program, needed differentiated instruction in their mainstreamed science class.
The question then became, “How do I meet the unique needs of this population?”
This is a question with which I have continued to struggle over the past two
years.
I recognized that my ESL students had a great deal of difficulty reading
their science textbook. Although some students had success with pronunciation
and word recognition, adequate comprehension eluded them. Working with an
ESL teacher, I began to make accommodations in my instruction that seemed to
increase understanding during whole class and small group activities. However, I
was still puzzled as to how to help these students during lessons that required
individual reading.
In the 1999-2000 school year, I have had the privilege of working with a
small group of researchers who also teach language minority students. During
discussion, we agreed that improving literacy for these students should be our
primary goal and the focus of our research. Based on the difficulty my students
have experienced with reading comprehension, this is the piece of the literacy
puzzle on which I have focused.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study was to identify how the implementation of
various reading strategies improved achievement in science for ESL students. I
was particularly interested in their use in the science classroom. Using data
collected from this study, I hoped to make better decisions about the type of
instruction my language minority students needed. The end result was more
confident, successful learners.
Scientific vocabulary development is an area in which language minority
students historically struggle. In addition to learning new technical terminology,
students must deal with the varied use of familiar terms. For instance, in science
class, the words table and compound have a very different meaning than they do
in most other classrooms (Chamot, 1994). For these reasons, I decided that one
of the strategies chosen for the study would specifically target vocabulary
development.
2
The remainder of the strategies chosen for the study were intended to
help make reading a more active endeavor. I chose these strategies with the
hopes that they would help students comprehend written, scientific, factual
material.
Literature Review
Much research has been done regarding the effectiveness of using
learning strategies to promote literacy. The basic premise behind this research is
that students can benefit from t ...
İyi bir dinleyici olmak, dil öğrenimi sırasında çok önemlidir. Eğer öğrencilerimizi iyi bir dinleyici olmaları konusunda cesaretlendirebilirsek, sadece iyi bir dinleyici değil, aynı zamanda daha aktif öğrenci olmalarına yardım etmiş oluruz.
This PowerPoint was complete for a class on lesson planning for new teachers at Wheeling Jesuit University. It defines the parts of a lesson plan and shows an example.
African-American Studies Final Exam GuideThe purpose of the Afri.docxAMMY30
African-American Studies Final Exam Guide
The purpose of the African American and African Studies final exam is to assess students’ knowledge of the Black/Africana Studies discipline. In general, your final exam will cover all class notes, class handouts, documentaries, and readings
Your notes from the course readings are your best resource for studying. To do well on the final, review the notes you made while you were reading. Re-read key sections of the course texts.
In order to help you focus your studying, I have provided a partial list of topics and terms that you should know.
Homer Plessy
Plessy v. Ferguson
Atlanta Exposition Address
Jim Crow Laws
W.E.B. DuBois
Black Nationalism
13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
Disfranchisement
Plessy v Ferguson
Booker T. Washington
NAACP
Racial uplift
Racial Democracy
Loving v. Virginia
U.S. 2000 Census
Multiracial Movement
Black Lives Matter
I. Essay Questions
Each essay question will ask you to explore in depth one or more of these overarching themes, drawing on materials (lectures, films, readings, discussion). The best (“A”) essays will be: a) be well reasoned; b) successfully develop course themes; c) draw on course lectures and texts to support the claim(s) being made.
Major Essay Themes
• Race as a social construction/racial ideologies in historical and contemporary contexts
• The history, demographics, and memory of slavery and its abolition in the United States/Brazil
• The interplay of race and gender in African diasporic n life/labor in slavery and freedom
• The history of African-Americans’ legal and social status from the colonial era through Reconstruction. (Be sure to cite specific legislation, constitutional provisions and amendments, and judicial rulings, where applicable.)
• The relationship of “race” and “place” in African American and American discourses of community and identity
Essay Guiding Questions
What is "race"? When and where did it originate as a form of human classification? How have scholarly conceptions and popular perceptions of race varied across time and space?
Define the concept of "racial democracy" in Brazil. How do race relations dynamics in Brazil differ from the dynamics of race relation in the US? How do Brazilian scholars interpret the relationship between class, race and social inequality in Brazil?
What purpose does African-American Studies serve in understanding the Black lived experience(s) and struggle for liberation? What role do you see African-American Studies play in the creation of understanding and freedom struggles?
How have definitions of blackness been challenged and/or reinforced? Explain using historical and political contexts.
Why and how are Black Feminisms political? What are the origins of Black Feminisms? What do we mean by Black Feminist Thought? What are some of the core themes in this perspective? What are some of the factors that can differentiate the experiences of African American women? Who can produce black feminist th.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
3. Is the strategy, which a teacher
becomes to a researcher, it means
that the teacher tries to find possible
problematising or any aspect that is
not so useful in her or his classroom
environment, and then he or she will
try to resolve it.
Anna Burn (2009)
4. •Teacher becomes a researcher.
•Teacher critic her our teaching context.
•Teacher identify a problematising*.
•Teacher develop strategies and possible solutions.
•Teacher resolves the problematising.
*Problematising: “It means taking an area you feel could be done better, subjecting it to
questioning, and then developing new ideas and alternatives.” (Anna Burn (2009)) .
5. According to Kemmis and McTaggart (1988) the
steps of action research are:
Planning
Action
Observation
Reflection
6.
In this step you identify a problem and create an
strategy or action plan to apply in this problem.
-A little boy does not pay attention in the class.
-Become the class more dynamic;
with more games, videos, audio, etc.
7. When the teacher has identified the problem
and he have created an action plan, its ready
to put it into action.
It the data collected from the action plan that is
applying in the problem, the teacher has to
document the information, opinions and more
action plans.
8. This is the final step, where the teacher has to
evaluate and criticize the result of her/his
action plan.
9. Mr. B wanted to better understand the experiences
his ninth grade ESL science students had with
learning science in order to provide them with more
relevant and effective instruction. Because of their
diverse backgrounds, he thought drawings might
serve as a rich data source not limited by English
language skills. He also knew that drawing would be
enjoyable for his students and could serve to get
them talking about science. With his five-year
performance review coming up, he wanted to have
additional content for his portfolio, and action
research would be a valuable addition.
10. He started with the research question, "What are
the experiences of my ESL students with science?"
After reviewing the literature using Google Scholar,
he modified his question to be more specific. His
new question was "What experiences do my ninth
grade ESL students have learning science prior to
entering my class?" He also added the question, "To
what extent do my learners (and my science
teaching) show evidence of 21st-Century
recommendations for science education made by
the US National Research Council?"
11. His plan was to collect drawings from students in
each of his ESL science classes in response to the
prompt "Draw yourself learning in science before
coming to this country." Mr. B also asked students in
his non-ESL classes to draw themselves learning
science to allow for a comparison. In order to
strengthen his research, he also planned to use
additional sources of data. This included having
students describe what they drew in writing on the
back of their drawing and conducting interviews
with five students about their experiences.
12.
To guide his research Mr. B decided to use
social constuctivism as a conceptual
framework(or theory of understanding)
because of its focus on social and cultural
aspects of learning.
13. To analyze and interpret the data, Mr. B
planned to use the rubric found on this site.
To help reduce any bias he asked a fellow
teacher to also score the drawings using the
rubric. This also gave him the opportunity to
collaborate and discuss his research with
another educator.
14. In addition to modifying his own instruction,
Mr. B planned to share the results of his
research with other teachers in the science
department at their monthly meeting and with
other ESL teachers in the school.
This example was taken from this web page:
(http://www.drawntoscience.org/educators/action-research/action-research-example-1.html)
