Acoustic profiling of Orthoptera for species monitoring and discovery in a changing world - Talk presented at International Congress of Orthopterology, Antalya, Turkey (2009)

1. Acoustic profiling of Orthoptera for species monitoring and discovery in a changing world
Klaus Riede
Institute for Zoology, Graz University, Austria
& Zoological Research Museum Bonn, Germany

2. Bioacoustic recording and classification of Orthoptera allows non-invasive Rapid Assessment of species communities, particularly in species-rich tropical forest habitats
Species discovery:
 species presence/absence
 species ranges/endemisms
The vision
Species monitoring:
 species abundance
 activity patterns
 community patterns
 extirpation rates
 species recovery

3. Outline
• Acoustic profiling: state of the art
• Datasets and databases
• Lessons learnt
• Creating the infrastructure: from data loggers to web-based song classification
• Hot spots for acoustic profiling

4. Grasshopper score
Alexandre Yersin (1854):
Mémoire sur quelques faits relatifs à la stridulation des Orthoptères et leur distribution géographique en Europe.
Bulletin des Séances de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 4: 108-128
From: Ragge & Reynolds 1998, p 65
38 species, differentiating between Chorthippus mollis (30), C. brunneus (28) and C. biguttulus,
„silent stridulation“ by C. mollis larvae

5. Evolution of Acoustic Analysis
Sonagraph
MEDAV
FastFourierTransform
Courtesy:
http://www.sfu.ca/sonic-studio/handbook/Spectrograph.html, Handbook of ethological methods. P. N. Lehner 1998

6. Extraction of sound parameters by using MatLab Software
Pulse rate
Carrier frequency
Carrier frequency
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

7. Macaulay
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

8. Soundscapes from different sites
Map
Ecuador
Sabah
Panama
Piemonte
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

9. soundscapes
Valdiere (Piemonte, Italy)
Poring (Sabah, Malaysia - Borneo)
Rio Aguarico (Ecuador - Amazonia)
Barro Colorado Island (Panama)
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
20
kHz
0
20
kHz
0

10. landscapes

11. Acoustic grasshopper identification is used in temperate habitats (grasslands)
From: Bellmann, H.:Heuschrecken: beobachten, bestimmen
1993
Chorthippus mollis ignifer
Ramme, 1923
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

12. Acoustic Orthoptera identification is used
in temperate habitats (Europe)
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

13. Cicadas are a main component of SEA dusk chorus

14. Panama BCI Big Tree
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
Spectral similarities between Neotropical dusk chorusses
20
kHz
6
3
0
20
kHz
15
12
9
4.5
0
Ecuador - San Pablo - Aguarico
0 -30 dB
I I
0 -30 dB
I I

15. Panama, BCI, early evening - 1 min
20
kHz
6
0 1000 ms

16. Panama, BCI, early evening - 1 min
20
kHz
6
0 1000 ms

17. Identifying morphospecies and ethospecies
Chirps
Chirp interval: 1170ms
109
122
pulses/chirp: 7
Pulsrate - PR (pulses/s): 64
Pulse rate (Pulse/s): (7/109)*1000= 64
Carrier Frequency (CF):7500 Hz
Chirp[ms]: 109, 122
Chirp interval: 1170
0 200 ms
0 1000 2000 ms

18. Identifying morphospecies and ethospecies
Chirps
Chirp interval: 1170ms
109
122
pulses/chirp: 7
Pulsrate - PR (pulses/s): 64
Pulse rate (Pulse/s): (7/109)*1000= 64
Carrier Frequency (CF):7500 Hz
Chirp[ms]: 109, 122
Chirp interval: 1170
0 200 ms
0 1000 2000 ms

19. A16,20,21: identische Sequenzen und Gesaenge
A21: 7514 Hz
A20: 7550-7730 Hz
A16: 7640-7895 Hz
Pulse rate 64 Hz
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

20. State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
Inventorying morphospecies and ethospecies
at Barro Colorado Island

21. Frequency - Pulse distance Trigoniinae subset from Ecuador
Pulse
distance
[ms]
100
5
Frequency
18 kHz
2

22. Acoustic profiles of Orthoptera communities in...
Ecuadorian lowland and mountain forest:
Riede 1993,Nischk & Riede 2001
Acoustic monitoring protocol Brandes 2004 - TEAM Conservation Int.
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
Orthoptera abundance in European grasslands
Gardiner, T, Hill, J., Chesmore, D. 2005
Acoustic entropy in Tanzanian forest:
Sueur, J. et al. 2008
Orthoptera in an Indian forest:
Diwakar, Jain,& Balakrishnan 2007
Cricket recordings North America:
Walker 1964-2009
O
o
o
O
O
Australian crickets:
Otte & Alexander 1983

23. Acoustic profiling: lessons learnt
 Method not generally established (except in Europe)
 Automatic classification is promising, but not sufficient for field applications
 Identification and classification still time-consuming
 Limited access to existing acoustic datasets
 Taxonomic impediment: lack of comprehensive, accessible species descriptions (preferably including songs)
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
BUT
huge potential and wide interest

24. Creating the infrastructure: databases
OSF: 140 taxa with songs
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
Systax: 2268 songs, 641 species
http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org
http://www.biologie.uni-ulm.de/systax/

27. From profiling to protocols
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
TROPICAL ECOLOGY, ASSESSMENT, AND MONITORING INITIATIVE
Acoustic Monitoring Protocol
T. Scott Brandes, 2003

28. Automatic recording: www.arbimon,.net
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

29. Arbimon stations
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

30. Arbimon soundscapes
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

31. Arbimon web-based sound analysis: identification of Regions of Interest (ROIs)
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots

32. Hot spots: endangered forests
http://rainforests.mongabay.com/0801.htm
State of the art Datasets Lessons Infrastructure Hot spots
http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/GraphicResources.aspx

33. Thanks to ....
Austrian Science Fund FWF, project grant P 20882-B09 to H. Römer
Arne Schmidt & Anne Einhäupl
Inhabitants of San Pablo indigenous community, Rio Aguarico, Ecuador
Mitch Aide, Arbimon Project, Puerto Rico