Acid rain is caused by emissions from industries, power plants, vehicles, and other sources that release sulfur and nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere. When these compounds react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals in the air, they form acids that fall to the earth as rain, snow, fog, hail or dry particles. Acid rain harms aquatic life by acidifying lakes and streams, damages trees and buildings, and can harm human health. To reduce acid rain, industries can install scrubbers to remove sulfur from smokestacks and shift to cleaner fuels, while vehicles can install converters to reduce emissions.

1. Prepared By:-
Rahul Kumar
BRANCH- Mechanical
KIIT UNIVERSITY

2.  Acid rain means the
presence of excessive acids
in rain water.
 The pH
of acid rain is very
low and generally varies
from 3 t0 6.
 Acid rain mainly contains
H2SO4 and HNO3 with
weak H2CO3.

3.  The primary cause of acid rain is the emission
of harmful gases from industrial power plants,
factories, and vehicles.
 In particular, the burning of fuels, such as
natural gas, coal, or even oil, releases oxides of
sulphur and nitrogen.
 The burning of gasoline and diesel in vehicles
leads to building the amount of acidified water
droplets in the atmosphere.

5.  Effects on aquatic biolife:
 Many aquatic species disappear due to the acidification of lakes.
 Effects on terrestrial eco-system:
 Leaves of the plants and trees are damaged and become yellow.
 Effects of Acid Rain on Building:
 Acid rain causes extensive damage to buildings and sculpture
materials of marbles, lime stone, slate, mortar etc.
 Effects on Human Health:
 High concentrations of fine-particulate sulphate and nitrate can
enter the respiratory systems, resulting in disease or even death.

6.  Industry should reduce the production of dyes
and fertilizers needs sulfur and nitrogen as raw
materials.
 Fit scrubbers into factory’s chimney, which are
chemical filters that removes impurities such as
sulfur from smoke.
 One can use natural manure, vermi technology,
biogas remnants as fertilizers instead of
artificial nitrogen containing fertilizers.
 Vehicle can be fitted with special convertor
which remove dangerous chemicals.