This document discusses various environmental issues including different types of pollution such as air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It provides details on major air pollutants like carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ground level ozone. The causes and effects of each pollutant are described. The document also discusses different types of smog, methods to control air and particulate pollution, and defines other environmental issues like eutrophication, biomagnification, and acid rain.

1. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Ms.SHIVANGI SAXENA
Assitant Professor
Department of Biotechnology
Baba Farid College

2.  Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Acid Rain
Biomagnification
Eutrophication
Soil Pollution
Solid Wastes
Noise Pollution

3. Pollution : Undesirable changes in
physical,chemical or biological
characteristics of environment
air,water,soil and land that has potiental to
adversely affect human beings,natural
resources, industrial process.

4. Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm,
Nitrogen oxide,volcanic eruption, soil
erosion, uv rays.
Unnatural: man-Burrning of fossil
fuels,mining,sewage,pesticides and
fertilizers,Noise
energy

6. Pollutant
Biodegrable Pollutant Non Biodegrable
Pollutant

8. Air Pollution
Addition of particles,gases,chemicals into the atmosphere
that affect human health,animals,vegetation ,natural
resources
Substances and factor which cause air pollution are called
Air Pollutants.
Air pollutant : 2 types- Primary and Secondary Air
Pollutant

12. 5 M a j o r P o l l u t a n t s :
1 . . ) C a r b o n M o n o x i d e
2 . ) S u l f u r D i o x i d e
3 . ) N i t r o g e n D i o x i d e
4 . ) P a r t i c u l a t e M a t t e r
5 . ) G r o u n d L e v e l
O z o n e

13. CCaarrbboonn MMoonnooxxiiddee
•colorless, odorless
•produced when carbon does not burn in
fossil fuels
•present in car exhaust
•deprives body of O2 causing headaches,
fatigue, and impaired vision

14. SSuullffuurr DDiiooxxiiddee
•Produced in large quantity during
smelting of metallic ores
•Burning of petroleum,coal in
industries and thermal plant
•Effects:
•Causes chlorosis and necrosis of
vegetation
Membrane damage,irritation to
eyes,injury to respiratory tract
Discolouration of building,fabrics.

15. NNiittrrooggeenn DDiiooxxiiddee
•reddish, brown gas
•produced when nitric oxide
combines with oxygen in the
atmosphere
•present in car exhaust and
power plants
•affects lungs and causes
wheezing; increases chance of
respiratory infection

16. PPaarrttiiccuullaattee MMaatttteerr
•particles of different sizes and
structures that are released into the
atmosphere
•present in many sources including
fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.
•can build up in respiratory system
•aggravates heart and lung disease;
increases risk of respiratory infection

17. GGrroouunndd LLeevveell OOzzoonnee
•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s
harmful UV rays
•at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
•formed from car, power and chemical plant
exhaust
•irritate respiratory system and asthma;
reduces lung function by inflaming and
damaging lining of lungs

20. •Combination of gases with water vapor and
dust
•Combination of words smoke and fog
•Forms when heat and sunlight react
gases (photochemical smog)
•Occurs often with heavy traffic, high
temperatures, and calm winds

23. •1st smog related deaths were in London in
1873; death till 500 people; can you imagine
how much worse the atmosphere is now?!
•Limits visibility
•Decreases UV radiation
•Yellow/black color over cities
•Causes respiratory problems and bronchial
related deaths

24. Photochemical Smog
Grey or yellowish brown
Opaque smog
Ist reported in Los Angeles
In 1940
Formed at high temp
Over cities and town due
To air,emmision of NO &
Carbon from automobiles
Exhausts & solar flares

25. Classical Smog(London
Smog) Occur at low temp
Contain sulphur gases,smoke and dust
particles
Dark Brown and opaque
Formed by condensation of water
vapours with Hydrogen sulphide and
sulphur dioxide over dust or smoke
particles.
Occured in london during Dec
1952 when it affected 50% of
population.

29. Control of Air Pollution
It can be achieved by
Low sulphur fossil fuel
Reduction in Emission
Zoning of industries away
from human settlement .
Destroying pollutants by
thermal or catalytic combustion
Changing pollutants to less
toxic forms
 By precipitation of pollutant

31. •Ride your bike
•Tell your friends and family about pollution
•Make sure your parents get pollution checks on
their cars
•Ride the school bus

32. •Learn more; stay up to date
•Join a group to stop pollution
•Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you
leave the room

34. Control of Particulate Matter: -
Two type of devices
Arresters
Cyclonic separtors
Gravity Settling
Chamber
Filters
Electrostatic
Precipitators
Scrubbers

35. Cyclonic Separator
Particulate rich air is passed
into a chamber where it is rotated
Centrifugal force causes settling
of particulate while clean air is
allowed to pass out

36. Gravity Settling Chambers
Dirty Air is passed
through a large
chamber.
Particulate settle
down while cleaner air
passes out

37. Filter
Large sized porous bags
of polyester,polyprolene,
Polyamide,teflon etc
through which dry
emission are passed
under pressure to filter
out particulate matter

38. Electrostatic Precipatators

41. EUTROPHICATION

42. BIOMAGNIFICATION EUTROPHICATION
Increase in
concentration of non
biodegradable
substances in the food
chains
Enrichment of water
body with plant
nutrients.
Found in all types of
ecosystem
Found only in aquatic
ecosystem.
Leads to toxicity in
higher order consumers
Leads to death of most
animals and plants.
There is no bloom
formation
Bloom formation occurs
in eutrophic water.

46. ACID RAIN

58. Thank for your kind Attention