Accidents Don't Just Happen

SafetyB A S I C’s
Accidents Don’t Just
Happen!

Everyone, Everywhere, Everyday – HOME SAFELY!
Safety BASICS
Philosophy
The key to reducing incidents and injuries is
to modify behavior by engaging employees
& co-workers, talking with them to
encourage safe work practices and to
eliminate unsafe acts and behaviors.

Principles for Safety BASICS
• All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented
• Safety is everyone’s responsibility
• Management is directly accountable for preventing injuries
and occupational illnesses
• Safety is a condition of employment
• Training is an essential element of a safe work place
• Safety audits must be conducted (SOC, Walkthroughs,
STOP)
• Safe work practices should be reinforced and all unsafe acts
and unsafe conditions must be corrected

• It is essential to investigate injuries and occupational illnesses
as well as incidents with the potential for injury
• Safety off the job is an important element of your overall
safety effort
• Preventing injuries and occupational illnesses is good
business
• People are the most critical element in the success any HSSE
and health programs
Principles for Safety BASICS – cont’d

Safety BASICs Standard
Performance will:
• Bring everyone to the same level of understanding
and execution of basic safety programs
• Help everyone meet requirements for HSE in
“Getting HSE Right”
• Set clear roles and accountabilities
• Make a step change in safety culture

Company Policy
Goals are simply stated:
•No accidents,
•No harm to people, and
•No damage to the environment.

The Domino Sequence
The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the
actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.
Basic Cause
Organizational
Failure
Indirect
Cause
Personal
Lack Of
Direct
Cause
Unsafe Act
Unsafe
Condition
Accident
Unplanned,
Undesirable Event
Which Results In a
Loss
Loss
Undesirable
Results

Basic Cause – Organizational Failure
Organizational failure means that the organization, at one or more levels, did not
effectively plan, direct, organize, control or combination thereof, its
resources, which are:
TIME/TOOLS /EQUIPMENT/ MATERIALS/ PEOPLE
• Failureto PLAN means: Wedid not plan the job, task or operation effectively.
• Failureto DIRECTmeans: Wedid not properly train, instruct or direct the people
involved in the task effectively.
• Failureto ORGANIZEmeans: Wedid not provide, and ensure the availability of
all resources that were needed to do the job safely.
• Failureto CONTROLmeans: Wedid not monitor to verify that the job, task or
operation was being conducted as planned, organized and directed.

The Domino Sequence
The domino sequence depicted below is a model. Just as a model represents the
actual object, this model represents how accidents happen.
Basic Cause
Organizational
Failure
Indirect
Cause
Personal
Lack Ofs
Direct
Cause
Unsafe Act
Unsafe
Condition
Accident Loss
Undesirable
Results
Unplanned,
Undesirable Event
Which Results In a
Loss

Indirect Cause – Lack of Training
The indirect cause is made of three general groups or factors that will lead a
person to commit an unsafe act or create an unsafe condition. The first of
these is Lack of Training (direction):
Lack of Training leads a person to commit an unsafe act or create and unsafe
condition because they don’t know any better. Lack of training can mean:
• NO TRAINING ATALL
• TRAINING THAT WAS INCOMPLETE
• TRAINING THAT WAS NOT REPEATEDFREQUENTLYENOUGH
• TRAINING THAT WAS NOT COMPREHENDED OR
UNDERSTOOD

Indirect Cause – Lack of Resources
Lack of Resources can lead to unsafe acts/conditions because the
resources (time, tools, equipment, materials, people) necessary to do
the job safely are:
• NOT PROVIDED
• NOT APPROPRIATE(Skills,Size,Abilities, Type)
• NOT IN SAFE OPERATING CONDITION

Indirect Cause – Lack of Belief
Lack of belief leads a person to commit an unsafe act or create an
unsafe condition because they don’t really believe that they or
someone else will be hurt. Further, there is a belief that a negative
consequence will not result because of their action.
Lack of belief is almost always caused by past experience. Factors that
can contribute to it are:
• POOR MORALE
• PEER PRESSURE
• PRODUCTIVITY PRESSURES
• INADEQUATE RESOURCES

Lack of Belief – ABC’s
• Antecedent
- Something that occurs before a certain behavior
- Something that prompts you to act a certain way
• Behavior
- An observable action
• Consequence
- Reinforcement or punishment that results from the
behavior
- Always comes after the behavior
- Can be positive or negative
- Shapes future behavior

Lack of Belief - Consequences
• Consequences can be:
- Positive or Negative
- Immediate or Delayed
- Certain or Uncertain
• Consequences that are Positive, Immediate, and Certain
have the strongest effect on shaping future behavior.
• Consequences that are Negative, Distant, and Uncertain
have the weakest effect on shaping future behavior.

Direct Cause
Direct causes are the unsafe acts and/or conditions that lead directly to the
accident. Some facts about direct causes:
• Unsafe acts account for 85% of accidents; unsafe conditions account for 14%
of accidents.
• However, most (99%) of the unsafe conditions were caused by an unsafe act.
• Therefore, 99% of all accidents are caused directly or indirectly by an
unsafe act.
The direct cause should never be listed as the cause of an accident.
The direct cause is really not a cause at all, it is a symptom or result
of the indirect and basic causes.

Accident
An accident is defined as:
“An unplanned, undesirable, event which
results in a LOSS”
An accident always results in a LOSS.

Loss
The loss is the result of an accident. Approximately 30 different losses have
been identified as potential results of accidents. Some of these are as
follows:
• Death
• Injury
• Lost Time
• Damaged Morale
• Damaged Tools
• Damaged Equipment
• Lost Materials
• Lost Productivity
• Civil Penalties
• Replacement Costs
• Economic Loss
• Loss Client Goodwill
• Lost Competitiveness
• Damage to Reputation

How Accidents Happen
Basic Cause
Organizational
Failure
Indirect
Cause
Personal
Lack Of
Direct
Cause
Unsafe Act
Unsafe
Condition
Accident
Undesired,
Unplanned
Event Which
Disrupts Work
Activity
Loss
Undesirable
Results

The essential ingredient to establish breakthrough to safety excellence is the
acceptance of personal responsibility by every member of the organization. It
occurs when employees internalize the message:
" MY WELL-BEING AND THAT OF MY ENVIRONMENT IS NOT THE
JOB OF SOMEONE ELSE. IT IS MY JOB, ABOVE AND BEYOND
EVERYTHING ELSE I DO HERE."
It occurs when the personal protection equipment is automatically worn, when
equipment is automatically secured and locked out, and when the necessary
measures are taken to protect the worker and the environment.
The Breakthrough to Safety Excellence
Safety BASICs

Reinforce Safe Work Practices
1. Talk with the person involved about the safe
practice he or she is following.
2. Ask the person to stop working and talk about the
job.
3. Acknowledge the safe practice.
For example, say “You did a great job of
barricading this area so no one could get hurt.”
4. Recognize that you can learn something from
your fellow employee. Ask if the job could be
done even more safely.
5. Listen to the comments and follow through on
suggestions.

Prevent an Unsafe Act
Talk with employees & co-workers:
• Reinforce safe work practices.
• Use a questioning attitude, asking What
injuries can occur, If the unexpected happens?
and How can this job be done more safely?
• Listen; give the person a chance to tell you
what the hazards are.

Prevent an Unsafe Act
Talk with employees: (Continued)
• Address at-risk behaviors
‒ “Talk With” the person involved until he or she
understands why the unsafe act is hazardous.
– Use your judgment; action to prevent must fit both
the situation and your organization’s policies. Keep
SOC/STOP separate from your progressive
discipline system.
– Be alert for the underlying causes of unsafe acts.
– Try to discover, in the case of an employee-created
unsafe condition, who created the condition and talk
with that person.

A lack of knowledge or training and top down approach
A belief that “It can’t happen to me” or “It won’t happen this time”
A habit
Unavailability of equipment and space
A belief that the procedure is adequate because no one has
corrected it in the past
A sense of priorities putting comfort, production or quality above
safety
A morale problem reflecting conditions on or off the job
The Underlying Causes

Management is accountable for safety
Everyone is responsible for safety
Safety is a condition of employment
All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented
Safety must be equal to quality, morale, cost, and production
A near miss is a matter of luck
Safety off the job is an important element of the overall safety effort
Safety does not stop at the office
Do You Agree?

Personal Benefits
Preventing Injuries
Avoiding Pain and Suffering
Showing Colleagues you care about their welfare
Helping keep your family and friends at home safe
Business Benefits
Productivity
Quality
Relationships
Costs
Public Image
Statutory Compliance
Benefits of Good Safety Behavior

An Unsafe Act is:
Something done by a person that can cause an incident or
injury.
An Unsafe Condition is:
A situation that causes an incident or injury
Unsafe Acts are often the cause of Unsafe Conditions.
Unsafe Act(s) & Condition(s)

Keep the workplace in a safe and environmentally fit
condition
Carry out health, safety and environmental checks before,
during and after work activities
Follow established standards, practices & procedures
Use your skills & knowledge to help others
Help us to improve WG Mustang’s & Industry Peer standards
Tell us where we can make HSSE improvements
What is your role?

Reduce your risk of illness and injury
Preserve the environment for the future
Improve working conditions
High and consistent standards
Enhance BU performance
Protect the Group Reputation
Improve our liability profile
Continue leadership position - Industry
& World
Being a part of a winning organization
What’s in it for you?

Be Safe,
Do It the Right Way,
Use Safety BASICs Skills…You
can…
Always do YOUR part . . .

Accidents Don't Just Happen

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