This document provides guidance on academic writing. It explains that an essay should have a clear thesis and use examples and citations to argue and prove that thesis. The introduction should contain the thesis statement and the conclusion should reiterate the argument. When planning, writers should consider the purpose, audience, and questions to be answered. They should clarify main ideas, avoid unnecessary information, and determine what type of essay they are writing. Researching requires finding necessary proofs and supporting information from reliable sources to reinforce the argument. When revising, writers should check that they have fulfilled the assignment requirements and that the introduction and conclusion frame the overall argument.

1. ACADEMIC WRITING
HOW TO ACHIEVE IT?

2. TO REMEBER!
An essay should have an argument. It should
answer a question or a few related questions. It
should try to prove something—develop a single
"thesis” including examples and confirming citations
from any particular text or sources your argument
involves. Gathering such evidence normally entails
some rereading of the text or sources with a
question or provisional thesis in mind.

3. The beginning of the essay is the introduction
containing your thesis statement. The end is
the conclusion, and the middle or body of the essay
contains the argument, supported by evidence or
example and designed to prove your thesis.

4. FIRST STEP
PLANNING AND ORGANIZING IDEAS
 Which is the overall purpose of the writing?
 Who is the audience?
 What questions are supposed to be answered?

5. PRE-WRITING OR DRAFTING
 Clarify the main ideas
 Avoid unnecessary information

6. ORGANIZE YOUR WRITING
When you begin planning, ask the following
questions:
 What type of essay am I going to be writing?
 Does it belong to a specific genre?

7. SECOND STEP
READING AND RE SEARCHING
 Necessary proofs are essential for the arguments
stated in the writing.
 Supporting information reinforce the message and
persuade the reader.

8. EXAMINE THE EVIDENCE
 What counts as evidence in this argument?
 From what sources is this evidence taken?

9. HOW TO EVALUATE SPECIFIC RESOURCES ON
THE NET?
Ask these questions when looking at a Web site:
 Who is the author? Are her/his qualifications
specified?
 Who is the sponsor of the Web site? Is the author
affiliated with a reputable institution or
organization?

10.  What audience is the Web site designed for?
 Is the Web site current? Is the site dated?
 Is the author’s point of view impartial and objective?

11. THIRD STEP
Revising and Editing:
 Check if you have fulfilled the intention of the
assignment.
 Look at the overall organization.

12. Consider these questions:
 Does your introduction make clear where the rest of
the paper is headed?
 Would a person reading your conclusion know what
question you had asked and how you had arrieved
at your answer?

13.  Read passages aloud to see if you have achieved
the emphasis you want
 Be sure to use spell check
 Don’t depend on a thesaurus or grammar checker.

14. Once you have a well organized draft. After
revising sentences with special attention, the final
copy will be ready to be finished.

15. SOURCE
"Report writing" (n.d.)Retrieved April 13, 2016,
from Language and learning: Monash University
Available at:
http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/planning-and-
organizing.