This document summarizes a study on the AC conductivity of polyaniline-nickel stanate (NiSnO3) composites. Polyaniline-nickel stanate composites with various nickel stanate weight percentages (10%, 30%, 50%) were synthesized via chemical polymerization. AC conductivity was measured from 102-107 Hz. Results showed conductivity increased after 104 Hz for all composites. Conductivity values depended strongly on the nickel stanate weight percentage, with higher percentages leading to higher conductivity. The composites exhibited semiconducting conductivity behavior.

1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering & Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 –
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 06-08 © IAEME
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ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online)
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AC CONDUCTIVITY STUDY OF POLYANILINE -
NICKEL STANATE (NiSnO3) COMPOSITES
Venkatesh B. P1, SangshettyKalyane2
1Department of Physics, Singhania University, Pacheri Bari Jhunjhunu, Rajastan, India
2Department of Physics, BKIT, Bhalki, Karnataka, India
ABSTRACT
In situ polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) to
synthesize Polyaniline - Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) composites by chemical oxidation method. The
PANI/ Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) composites have been synthesized with various compositions viz.,
10, 30, and 50 Wt. % of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3)in PANI. The AC conductivity was studied in the
frequency range 102–107 Hz. It is found that the dimensions of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) particles in
the matrix have a greater influence on the conductivity values.
Keywords: AC Conductivity, Polyaniline, Nickel Stanate (NiSnO3), Composites.
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, electrical and optical properties of conducting polymerssynthesized by
electrochemical polymerization have been studied in detail. Considerable attention has been paid to
the polymers of few members, such as, Polyaniline, polythiophene and polyacetalene, since they
constituteas potential candidate for conductors and semiconductors in a wide variety of electric and
electronic devices [1-10]. The features of conducting polymers such as reversibility, availability in
film form and good environmental stability enhance their potentialuse for practical applications. One
of the most widely studied conducting polymers is Polyanilineobtained chemically or
electrochemically. The electrical transport in polymeric materials [11-12] has become an area of
increasing interest in research, because of the fact that these materials have immense potential for
solid state devices. Conducting polymer composites with some suitable compositions of one or more
insulating materials led to desirable properties [13-14]. These materials are especially important
owing to their bridging role between the world of conducting polymers and that of nanoparticles. For
application of conducting polymers, knowing how these conducting polymers composite will affect
the behavior in an electric field is a long – lasting problem. The discovery of doping in conducting
polymer has led to further dramatic increase in the conductivity of such conjugated polymers.

2. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 –
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 06-08 © IAEME
7
2. EXPERIMENTAL
Materials and Methods
Ammonium Persulphate (NH4)2S2O8, Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) and Nickel Stanate (NiSnO3)
used were of AR grade. Doubly distilled water and aniline is used as a solvent and a monomer.
Polyaniline is prepared by oxidative method and Polyaniline composites were prepared by in-situ
polymerization method with dispersion of Nickel Stanate (NiSnO3) in polyaniline.
Synthesis of Polyaniline/Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) Composites
Aniline was dissolved in 1M HCl to form polyaniline (PANI). Nickel stanate (NiSnO3)was
added to PANI solution with vigorous stirring to keep the Nickel stanate (NiSnO3)suspended in the
solution. To this reaction mixture, 0.1M of ammonium persulphate [(NH4)2S2O8], which acts as an
oxidant, was added slowly with continuous stirring for 4-6 hours at 0-5OC. The precipitated powder
recovered was vacuum-filtered and washed with deionizer water. Finally, the resultant precipitate
was dried in an oven for 24 hours to achieve a constant weight. In the similar manner pure PANI is
prepared without adding Nickel stanate (NiSnO3). PANI/ Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) composites were
prepared in weight percent ratio in which the concentration of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) (10, 30, and
50 wt %) was varied. The test samples to be used were prepared in pellet form of diameter 10mm
and thickness 3mm by applying pressure of 7ton using Pye-Unicam dye. The contacts for these
composites were made using silver paste as electrodes on both sides. Thus synthesized samples were
used to measure AC conductivity at room temperature over the frequency range 102-106 Hz using the
Hiokie LCR Q meter.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Polyaniline – Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) composites
Figure 1. Show the variation of AC conductivity as a function of frequency for
polyaniline/Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) composites (for different weight %). From the graph, it is
observed that in all the cases, ac remains constant up to 104 Hz. In case of composites with 10, 30
and 50 wt % of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) in PANI, the conductivity increase after 104 Hz, The
anomaly in the conductivity behavior of these composites is due to the variation in the distribution of
Nickel stanate (NiSnO3)in PANI i.e. weight % of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3)in PANI.
0.0 2.0x10
5
4.0x10
5
6.0x10
5
8.0x10
5
1.0x10
6
3.5x10
3.0x10
2.5x10
2.0x10
1.5x10
1.0x10
5.0x10
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-3
-4
0.0
( S/cm)
ac
s
Frequency(Hz)
10 % PNS
30 % PNS
50 % PNS
Figure 1: Variation of AC conductivity as a function of frequency for
Polyaniline/Nickle Stanate composites

3. International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering Technology (IJECET), ISSN 0976 –
6464(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6472(Online), Volume 5, Issue 11, November (2014), pp. 06-08 © IAEME
8
4. CONCLUSION
Polyaniline composites with different weight percentages of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) in
PANI were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of monomer aniline. The results of ac
conductivity shows a strong dependence on the weight percent of Nickel stanate (NiSnO3) in
polyaniline. The values of conductivity of these composites are found to be in the semiconducting
range.
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