Abuse of Dominance in Digital Markets – OECD Secretariat – December 2020 OECD discussion
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This presentation by the OECD Secretariat was prepared for the discussion on “Abuse of Dominance in Digital Markets” held at the 19th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 8 December 2020. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at http://oe.cd/dmkt. This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
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原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(lincoln学位证书)英国林肯大学毕业证文凭学位证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
Disaster Management project for holidays homework and other uses
It talks about disaster management in a helful way.
Proposal: The Ark Project and The BEEP Inc
1.) Introduction
Our Movement is not new; it is the same as it was for Freedom, Justice, and Equality since we were labeled as slaves. However, this movement at its core must entail economics.
2.) Historical Context
This is the same movement because none of the previous movements, such as boycotts, were ever completed. For some, maybe, but for the most part, it’s just a place to keep your stable until you’re ready to assimilate them into your system. The rest of the crabs are left in the world’s worst parts, begging for scraps.
3.) Economic Empowerment
Our Movement aims to show that it is indeed possible for the less fortunate to establish their economic system. Everyone else – Caucasian, Asian, Mexican, Israeli, Jews, etc. – has their systems, and they all set up and usurp money from the less fortunate. So, the less fortunate buy from every one of them, yet none of them buy from the less fortunate. Moreover, the less fortunate really don’t have anything to sell.
4.) Collaboration with Organizations
Our Movement will demonstrate how organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, National Urban League, Black Lives Matter, and others can assist in creating a much more indestructible Black Wall Street.
5.) Vision for the Future
Our Movement will not settle for less than those who came before us and stopped before the rights were equal. The economy, jobs, healthcare, education, housing, incarceration – everything is unfair, and what isn’t is rigged for the less fortunate to fail, as evidenced in society.
6.) Call to Action
Our movement has started and implemented everything needed for the advancement of the economic system. There are positions for only those who understand the importance of this movement, as failure to address it will continue the degradation of the people deemed less fortunate.
No, this isn’t Noah’s Ark, nor am I a Prophet. I’m just a man who wrote a couple of books, created a magnificent website: http://www.thearkproject.llc, and who truly hopes to try and initiate a truly sustainable economic system for deprived people. We may not all have the same beliefs, but if our methods are tried, tested, and proven, we can come together and help others. My website: http://www.thearkproject.llc is very informative and considerably controversial. Please check it out, and if you are afraid, leave immediately; it’s no place for cowards. The last Prophet said: “Whoever among you sees an evil action, then let him change it with his hand [by taking action]; if he cannot, then with his tongue [by speaking out]; and if he cannot, then, with his heart – and that is the weakest of faith.” [Sahih Muslim] If we all, or even some of us, did this, there would be significant change. We are able to witness it on small and grand scales, for example, from climate control to business partnerships. I encourage, invite, and challenge you all to support me by visiting my website.
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Abuse of Dominance in Digital Markets – OECD Secretariat – December 2020 OECD discussion
- 1. GLOBAL FORUM ON COMPETITION 2020 ABUSE OF DOMINANCE IN DIGITAL MARKETS Presentation by the Secretariat 8 December 2020 James Mancini Competition Division
- 2. Why are abuse of dominance concerns so prominent in digital markets? 2 Firm size Multi-sidedness Vertical integration Conglomerate/ ecosystem business models Zero or subsidized prices Network effects Consumer biases Overlapping consumer protection or privacy concerns
- 3. Key themes in background paper 3 • Importance of legislative and historical context for enforcement approaches – Formalistic vs. effects-based – Balancing over- and under- enforcement – Harm to competitive process vs. consumers • Establishing dominance through substitutability, identifying entry barriers, and other indicators
- 4. Categorising different theories of harm 4 Refusal to deal (Cegedim in France; TREB in Canada) Predatory pricing (Bottin Cartographes in France) Exclusive dealing and loyalty discounts (Qualcomm in Europe) Tying and bundling (Microsoft in US, Google Android in Europe and India) Exploitative abuses (Facebook case in Germany) Margin squeeze (Google Shopping in Europe) New theories: Abusive leveraging? Privacy policy tying?
- 5. Proposals to address abuse of dominance concerns in digital markets • Adjust enforcement approaches – More guidance – New economic tools – Rebalancing over- and under-enforcement risks – Interim measures – Legislative change (e.g. reverse burden of proof) • Alternative measures to abuse of dominance enforcement – New regulatory frameworks for digital platforms – Measures to focus on demand-side problems in markets 5