1. Real life examples of abstraction in C++ include operating a mobile phone without understanding its internal details and driving a car without knowing its inner mechanisms like how the accelerator increases speed. 2. Abstraction in C++ refers to hiding background implementation details and exposing only essential features to users. For example, a user presses the accelerator of a car to increase speed without knowing how this actually works internally. 3. Advantages of abstraction in C++ include increased code reusability and readability by hiding complex workings, enhanced security by restricting access to class members and functions, and allowing users to write code at a high level without dealing with low-level implementation.

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Abstraction in C++
Real Life Example of Abstraction in C++
Hitesh Kumar
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Abstraction in C++
Real Life Example of Abstraction in C++

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Abstraction in C++
AbstractioninC++ is not newconceptitisoop’sconceptwhichis usedtohide backgrounddetail and
showonlyessential features.
Data abstractionis a processof representingthe essential featureswithoutincludingimplementation
details.
Data abstractionis the processof representingessentialdetailsnotincludinginternal details.Example
index of the book
Data abstractionrefersto,providingonly essentialfeaturesbyhidingitsbackgrounddetails.
Example of AbstractioninC++:
classresult
{
intmarks;
floatpercentage;
char name[20];

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voidinput();
voidoutput();
}
main()
{
bankb1;
b1.input();
b1.output();
}
In the above example,b1isan objectcallinginputandoutputmemberfunctions,butthatcode is
invisible tothe objectb1.
Abstract Class
AbstractClassis a class whichcontainsatleastone Pure Virtual functioninit.
Characteristics of Abstract Class
 Abstractclass cannotbe instantiated,butpointersandreferencesof Abstractclasstype canbe
created.
 Abstractclass can have normal functionsandvariablesalongwithapure virtual function.
 Abstractclassesare mainly usedforUp-casting,sothatits derivedclassescanuse itsinterface.
 ClassesinheritinganAbstractClassmustimplementall pure virtual functions,orelse theywill
become Abstracttoo.

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1. Real Life Example of Abstraction in C++
Suppose you are operating a mobile phone. You know that the important feature of a
phone is the memory card, SIM, battery life, design and build, and processor power. But,
while operating the phone you do not get into the operational details of the phone such
as how the CPU of the phone allocates memory for the various media on your phone or
other intricate architectural details of the phone. All these details aren’t visible to cell-
phone users from a non-technical background.
2. Real Life Example of Abstraction in C++
A man driving a car. The man only knows that pressing the accelerators will
increase the speed of car or applying brakes will stop the car but he does not
know about how on pressing accelerator the speed is actually increasing, he does
not know about the inner mechanism of the car or the implementation of
accelerator, brakes etc in the car.
Advantages of Data Abstraction in C++
How we discuss about some advantages of data abstraction;
1. Data abstraction increases the reusability of the code by avoiding any chances of
redundancy.
2. It increases the readability of the code as it eliminates the possibility of displaying the
complex working of the code.
3. With the implementation of classes and objects, comes enhanced security. Since data
abstraction is a method of implementing classes and objects any denying access to other
classes of accessing the data members and member functions of the base class.

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4. It helps the user to write a high-level code.
5. It separates the entire program into code and implementation making it more
comprehensible.
Designing Strategy of Abstraction
Abstraction separates code into interface and implementation. So while designing your
component, you must keep interface independent of the implementation so that if you
change underlying implementation then interface would remain intact.
In this case whatever programs are using these interfaces, they would not be impacted
and would just need a recompilation with the latest implementation.