This document discusses the relationship between innovation and energy efficiency as it relates to sustainable development. It begins by defining key concepts like sustainable development, renewable energy, and energy efficiency. It then examines how technological innovation and the use of renewable energy can help foster sustainable development by reducing environmental impacts and promoting socioeconomic development. Specifically, it explores how renewable energy and energy efficiency in agriculture can contribute to the environmental, social and economic dimensions of sustainability in Tunisia.
Speaker: John Ikerd, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri Columbia
Author and speaker on the topic of sustainable agriculture with an emphasis on the economics of sustainabilty.
BS, MS, PhD Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri
Worked in Extension Agricultural Economics positions at North Carolina State University, 1970-76 and Oklahoma State University, 1976-84 and was Head of Extension Agricultural Economics, University of Georgia, 1984-89.
Returned to the University of Missouri 1989, under a cooperative agreement with U.S.D.A, to provide state and national leadership for research and education programs related to sustainable agriculture.
National Sustainable Agriculture Projects with USDA SARE Program
1988-91: Farm Decision Supports Systems for Sustainable Agriculture (PLANETOR)
1991-93: Sustainable Agriculture Education Council (SA Professional Development Program)
1992-94: Addressing the Quality of Life Dimension of Sustainable Agriculture
1993-95: Regional Liaison-South and Northeast- SA Professional Development Program
1994-99: State Co-coordinator of SA Professional Development Program for Missouri
Study on the Strategies for Developing Green Economy In Vietnamtheijes
Green Economy is an economy towards the improvement of people's lives and social assets, minimizing environmental hazards and resource scarcity. So, for Vietnam, transition of the mode of development towards the development of "Green Economy" is a new approach.
This lecture covered Module 1 of course CVE1-405 Planning for Sustainable Development of Second year B. Tech Civil Engineering affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad, Maharashtra- India.
“Sustainable Development” (SD) is an expression frequently used by ecologists,
media and politicians, but it does not always carry the same concise meaning. The EEA
(1998) stated in 1998 that over 300 definitions of SD had been given, many of them inappropriate, as the outcome of different visions, values scales, interests and
ideologies. In this way, SD becomes a non-operative ‘chewing gum concept’ that
everybody can adapt in his own convenience (Bermejo, 2005, p.24)
The Brundtland Report (1987) states the most widely accepted definition of SD as
“the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs”. The worldwide commitment on the
acceptance of this definition constitutes a milestone in itself.
Introduction
UNEP’s report, Towards a Green Economy, aims to debunk several myths and misconceptions about greening the global economy, and provides timely and practical guidance to policy makers on what reforms they need to unlock the productive and employment potential of a green economy
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/1.0_Introduction.pdf
Need of sustainable development and related issues pertaining to process indu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This is a group work carried out in the field of economics of sustainability. It looked at hidden cost and externalities. Also tried to appraise the emergence of carbon economics and carbon tax systems.
On Spaces of Entire Functions Having Slow Growth Represented By Dirichlet SeriesIOSR Journals
In this paper spaces of entire function represented by Dirichlet Series have been considered. A
norm has been introduced and a metric has been defined. Properties of this space and a characterization of
continuous linear functionals have been established.
On Fuzzy - Semi Open Sets and Fuzzy - Semi Closed Sets in Fuzzy Topologic...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of fuzzy - semi open and fuzzy - semi closed sets of a fuzzy topological space. Some characterizations are discussed, examples are given and properties are established. Also, we define fuzzy - semi interior and fuzzy - semi closure operators. And we introduce fuzzy
- t-set, -SO extremely disconnected space analyse the relations between them.
MSC 2010: 54A40, 03E72.
Speaker: John Ikerd, Ph.D.
Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri Columbia
Author and speaker on the topic of sustainable agriculture with an emphasis on the economics of sustainabilty.
BS, MS, PhD Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri
Worked in Extension Agricultural Economics positions at North Carolina State University, 1970-76 and Oklahoma State University, 1976-84 and was Head of Extension Agricultural Economics, University of Georgia, 1984-89.
Returned to the University of Missouri 1989, under a cooperative agreement with U.S.D.A, to provide state and national leadership for research and education programs related to sustainable agriculture.
National Sustainable Agriculture Projects with USDA SARE Program
1988-91: Farm Decision Supports Systems for Sustainable Agriculture (PLANETOR)
1991-93: Sustainable Agriculture Education Council (SA Professional Development Program)
1992-94: Addressing the Quality of Life Dimension of Sustainable Agriculture
1993-95: Regional Liaison-South and Northeast- SA Professional Development Program
1994-99: State Co-coordinator of SA Professional Development Program for Missouri
Study on the Strategies for Developing Green Economy In Vietnamtheijes
Green Economy is an economy towards the improvement of people's lives and social assets, minimizing environmental hazards and resource scarcity. So, for Vietnam, transition of the mode of development towards the development of "Green Economy" is a new approach.
This lecture covered Module 1 of course CVE1-405 Planning for Sustainable Development of Second year B. Tech Civil Engineering affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Raigad, Maharashtra- India.
“Sustainable Development” (SD) is an expression frequently used by ecologists,
media and politicians, but it does not always carry the same concise meaning. The EEA
(1998) stated in 1998 that over 300 definitions of SD had been given, many of them inappropriate, as the outcome of different visions, values scales, interests and
ideologies. In this way, SD becomes a non-operative ‘chewing gum concept’ that
everybody can adapt in his own convenience (Bermejo, 2005, p.24)
The Brundtland Report (1987) states the most widely accepted definition of SD as
“the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs”. The worldwide commitment on the
acceptance of this definition constitutes a milestone in itself.
Introduction
UNEP’s report, Towards a Green Economy, aims to debunk several myths and misconceptions about greening the global economy, and provides timely and practical guidance to policy makers on what reforms they need to unlock the productive and employment potential of a green economy
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/documents/ger/1.0_Introduction.pdf
Need of sustainable development and related issues pertaining to process indu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This is a group work carried out in the field of economics of sustainability. It looked at hidden cost and externalities. Also tried to appraise the emergence of carbon economics and carbon tax systems.
On Spaces of Entire Functions Having Slow Growth Represented By Dirichlet SeriesIOSR Journals
In this paper spaces of entire function represented by Dirichlet Series have been considered. A
norm has been introduced and a metric has been defined. Properties of this space and a characterization of
continuous linear functionals have been established.
On Fuzzy - Semi Open Sets and Fuzzy - Semi Closed Sets in Fuzzy Topologic...IOSR Journals
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of fuzzy - semi open and fuzzy - semi closed sets of a fuzzy topological space. Some characterizations are discussed, examples are given and properties are established. Also, we define fuzzy - semi interior and fuzzy - semi closure operators. And we introduce fuzzy
- t-set, -SO extremely disconnected space analyse the relations between them.
MSC 2010: 54A40, 03E72.
The Effect Of Planning And Control To Bureaucracy Behavior In The Improving S...IOSR Journals
The main problem in this study is the service quality in the Department of Population and Civil Registration Jakarta is considered optimal. Bureaucratic behavior, presumably as a result of poor planning and oversight that cannot be implemented properly. The purpose of this research is to gain any influence planning on the bureaucratic behavior, monitoring on bureaucratic behavior, and the influence of bureaucratic behavior on the service quality and to obtain a new concept for the development of science and useful and can be applied in the community, especially in the Department of Population and Civil Jakarta. The method used in this study is non-experimental survey method with sampling Stratified Random Sampling. Technical analysis is the data used path analysis. Test the validity of the instrument using the Pearson correlation test product moment and reliability of the instrument using Cronbach alpha The results showed that the positive effect the planning on the bureaucracy behavior, oversight positive effect controlling on the behavior of bureaucracy and positive effect bureaucratic behavior on service quality. The findings in this study are not routinely conducted surveillance dimension thus potentially deviant bureaucracy behavior is not optimal to improve the service quality. The implications of this research are bureaucratic behavior is important in improving Service quality.
With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail outlets such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and not in the multi brand retail sector. Many of them have entered through joint ventures. If government allow them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and kirana stores will not be able to stand in the market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise how the kirana stores can be saved from these big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save these kirana stores because in a developing country like India where the income of an average man is low, such types of small business can make them able to earn their living. The present research is an attempt to find out the weaknesses of kirana stores as compared to the malls and to find out the solutions for the betterment of the stores. The research is conducted on various kirana stores in Punjab. The study identifies the problems being faced by kirana merchants such as recovery of credit, inventory management, goodwill in terms of quality, low space, and lack of variety etc. But during the research it has been found out that there are certain areas where these kirana stores have an edge over the market such as emotional attachment with the customer, to fulfil the timely need of credit of the customer, easy availability etc. It is concluded that both kirana stores and malls are important to the Indian economy. FDI is important for the growth of the economy but it should come for the rescue of the existing business and not as a threat. Secondly government intervention is seeked to make improvements in the functioning of the kirana stores. If kirana stores starts using their strategic advantages to the optimum level, they can make can make their existence strong in the market.
Educational Setup by a Global Repute Company of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh)...IOSR Journals
This report was carried out to divulge the main aspect of a company’s social responsibility towards the society, specifically the vicinity in which they are operating. The company has an industrial unit in a village of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh) and has adopted the villages within 5kms of radius. The report provides an analysis and evaluation of current and prospective performance of students enrolled by the trust in a school started by them for the village students. The sample taken was of 55 students of two nearby villages. The method of analysis included questionnaires, interaction with the teachers, students, parents and the employees of the trust, along with that inspection was personally conducted to ensure no loopholes were there and its fixture if any. The findings suggest that the company has to follow some standard procedures to ensure regular attendance of these students enrolled by them. A regular check on the teachers needs to be maintained to match the educational standards expected, so as to fully ensure their responsibility towards the society. The results showed that the engagement of the students in their household chores left them with little time to attend school in case of girl students and various other factors affected the performance of the students overall.
A survey on context aware system & intelligent Middleware’sIOSR Journals
Abstract: Context aware system or Sentient system is the most profound concept in the ubiquitous computing.
In the cloud system or in distributed computing building a context aware system is difficult task and
programmer should use more generic programming framework. On the basis of layered conceptual design, we
introduce Context aware systems with Context aware middleware’s. On the basis of presented system we will
analyze different approaches of context aware computing. There are many components in the distributed system
and these components should interact with each other because it is the need of many applications. Plenty
Context middleware’s have been made but they are giving partial solutions. In this paper we are giving analysis
of different middleware’s and comprehensive application of it in context caching.
Keywords: Context aware system, Context aware Middleware’s, Context Cache
Analytical Optimization of Chassis Frame for 40ft Dual-Axle Flatbed Trailer D...IOSR Journals
This article will review a design and analysis study that reduces trailer chassis mass while
minimizing the total cost impact. Design approaches, material selections and proposed section were reviewed.
The Trailer chassis main member were quantified and summarized to create an overall mass and weighted cost
estimate for a low mass Trailer.
Evaluations of the Effect of Workshop/Laboratory Accidents and Precautionary ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: A good number of scientist, engineers, laboratory or workshop users have lost their lives and the
lives of others due to accidents in the workshop caused by ignorance, neglect or carelessness. This paper focus
on the incident and prevalence rate of workshop and laboratory accidents in twenty (20) schools within Cross
River State, Nigeria. The investigation took place between January 2008 and December 2012 (a period of five
years). A total of 66 departments were investigated. The data was source with the help of the technologist and
head of Department of each of the schools. Based on these data, using descriptive analysis, multiple bar chart
and Trend analysis (Analysis of variance-SPSS) to show the growth and decline of laboratory or workshop
accidents across various departments over the years of study. The result revealed that the average number of
accidents occurred most in chemistry department; UNICAL and CRUTECH at 25 and 18 respectively, (table 1
and 2). And that of 18 secondary schools indicated that Bekwara Local Government Area was the highest
numbers of accidents (20.0) table 3, while Biase Local Government Area had the least (10.2), physics and
biology had recorded less accidents (table 3). In the two universities, computer/Maths statistic Department had
less laboratory accident due to not being exposed to heavy chemical. Hence, from this result, 40 workshop
safety and precautionary steps are release to avoid or minimize accidents in the laboratory or workshop towards
a healthy carrier.
Key Word: workshop accidents, Technology, Scientist, Engineers, Safety and precautions
Before January 2009, inpatient discharges were done through central discharges system at the ground floor of finance department. Effective January 2010 a new decentralise inpatient discharges system at wad level was implemented . Before the implementation of the new system, data were collected from July 2009 to December 2009 on the total number of feedback form received, number of complaint on hassle of discharge and complaint of long waiting time. After the implementation of the new system, the same data were collected from January to June 2010. The two set of data were compared to see the impact of the new discharge system. Further monitoring was done by collecting data for the first six month of 2011 and the first six month of 2012.Based on the data collected it was found that for a period of July to December 2009, 295 complaints on hassle of discharges and 46 complaints on long waiting time. For the period from January to June 2010, there was no complaint on the hassle of discharges but 38 complaints on the long waiting time. Further monitoring was done from January to June 2011 and it was found that there was no complaint on the hassle of discharges but complaints on the long waiting time had reduced to 8 cases. For the period from January to June 2012, there was no complaint about the hassle but only 6 cases on the long waiting time. Revenue of the hospital grows by 35% from year 2009 to 2012 and PBT grows by 250% from year 2009 to 2012.
Wind Turbine Power Generation: Response PredictionIOSR Journals
The worldwide interest has been increasing about wind energy for power generation purpose due to
continue increase in fuel cost and the need to have clean source of energy. Wind energy may enhance the power
generation capabilities and maximize its capacity factor, inurn participate in generating power at lower cost. It
has also been notice that renewable power generation through wind energy is also the fast growing energy
technology. The optimization of the efficiency of wind turbine is prudent to complete the conventional power
sources. Wind Turbine Power Generation (WTPG) is a complex phenomenon to understand since the real
process has depends upon the Wind Velocity and the relative turbine dimensions and the outside climatological
parameter like Wind Velocity (WV) nature of wind, etc. In this paper an effort has been made to develop a fuzzy
logic approach to predict an appropriate WTPG considering the WV, AD and Chord Length of Turbine Blades
(CLTB) as input parameters. The complexities of the parameters and the imprecision of linguistic expressions
are taken into consideration; the application combining linguistic variable to optimize WTPG under multiple
conditions is presented in this study.
Descriptive New features of high angular momentum rotational states in some r...IOSR Journals
The results from the variable moment of inertia (VMI) and cubic polynomial (CP) models with the available experimental information on transition energies for the yrast band levels in all studied nuclei. These models has been generalized so as to be applicable to transitional and vibrational nuclei by requiring that the extended models reduce at low angular momentum, to the polynomial dependence which gives excellent fits to the experimental spectra in the spherical, transitional and deformed regions. The level structure indicate a transition from collective to few-particle characteristics at high spin, possibly suggesting a change shape from prolate through triaxial to oblate. The loss of collectivity occurs at much lower angular momentum than predicted by calculations. The calculated Qt-value of the yrast band of the nucleus with N = 90.
A Learning and Improvement Model in Entrepreneurial LeadershipIOSR Journals
Currently entrepreneurial leadership has expended and increased momentum as developingmodel of both in research and practice. Though, there is not sufficient knowledgeon the theoretical and intangible basis of this emerging area of analysisandlot of questions are raised up on how to grow entrepreneur leadershipabilities, capabilitiesprecisely in university students. The basicmotive of thistheoretical paper is to slight the gap through offering the theoretical andconceptual basics of entrepreneur leadership. This paper has also examinedvariousfeatures of entrepreneurial education in the perspective of universitygiven entrepreneur-ship programs and then projected a model for entrepreneurial-leadership enlargement. The projected model describes entrepreneurial leadershipenlargementbase on a dynamic progression of “experimental, social interactive,observational and reflective learning” which make available a base for entrepreneur leadership exercise, enlightenment and research.
Enhanced Mobile Node Tracking With Received Signal Strength in Wireless Senso...IOSR Journals
Abstract : Node localization is important parameter in WSN. Node localization is required to report origin of
events which makes it one of the important challenges in WSN. Received signal strength (RSS) is used to
calculate distance between mobile node and reference node. The position of the mobile node is calculated using
multilateration algorithm (MA). Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is utilized to estimate the actual position. In this
paper, the implementation and enhancement of a tracking system based on RSS indicator with the aid of an
Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is described and an adaptive filter is derived.
Keywords - Extended Kalman filter (EKF), mobile node tracking, multilateration algorithm (MA), received
signal strength (RSS), Wireless sensor networks (WSN)
“Rover - Remote Operated Vehicle for Extraction and Reconnaissance”IOSR Journals
Inspired from differential drive mechanism of army tank and chain drive of tank for movement of rover. Try to deploy the concept of crane working in rover for extraction purpose. Use the camera for the security purpose and surveillance in rover for the reconnaissance purpose.
Use “pro-engineering software” for designing purpose of rover. It is prototype to explain the concept of differential drive mechanism and its use in robotics.
Optimal Generation of 254nm ultraviolet radiationIOSR Journals
Abstract: The science of the application of 254nm UV from mercury doped glow discharge tubes has been a major topic since Johann Ritter discovered UV via its chemical inducing reactions in 1801 and Niels Finsen’s 1860 work on UV therapy in treating rickets. In 1857 Siemens AG patented UV254nm creation via filamentary discharge, subsequently widely used for ozone production. By 1932 the Coblentz Congress had defined the three regions of the UV action spectrum. This paper presents the science of a new design for a sterilizer module fabricated from extruded, recycled aluminium. This novel design achieves better than D10 performance using six UV tubes per module driven by three electronic ballasts drawing a total current of only 1.26 amps at 240V single phase. This module delivers more than 45,000 microwatts per square centimetre of 254nm UV which sterilises one litre per second in a module with a dwell time of 1.6 seconds in a design with less than 0.5 bar pressure drop across each module. This system takes the electrical efficiency of 254 UV generation from less than 25% to more than 92% as measured by an NPL-traceable calibration against a current industry standard. Since 254nm UV generating tubes are also the basis of fluorescent lighting this new work on optimising the generation of 254nm UV also has application worldwide to improved efficiency of fluorescent tube electrical lighting, because we have shown that most of the fluorescent lamps operating today (particularly the T8 1” diameter) are running at less than 25% efficiency as opposed to the over 92% which is possible with the methods we describe. The work reported here shows that the Townsend equation for electron transport in glow discharge plasmas is not adequate since it does not address either plasma diameter or plasma drive frequency both of which fundamentally alter the electron energy transfer efficiencies to mercury atoms in the plasma.
A Study Of The Effect Of Organization, Employees Opinion, Experience And Comm...IOSR Journals
Employees form the basis and foundation for the growth of the organization just like a seed giving
rise to a huge tree bearing fruits and vegetables. The employees promote the growth of an organization to
produce useful products beneficial to mankind and the country. Employee satisfaction is defined as “a function
of perceived performance and expectations”. The reasons such as high stress, lack of communication within the
company, recognition, good working conditions or limited growth opportunities force the employees to resign.
My study is focussed on determining the effect of some of the above stated reasons on the employees in order to
achieve maximum career success. To assess the degree of Employee Satisfaction, Questionnaires were
administered to the employees in the real estate company taking a random of seventy employees for the study
and the research methodology to be used for analysis of the study was descriptive and inferential statistics. The
validity of the questionnaire was tested, using the Cronbach Reliability Calculator software. Further, the
influences of demographics such as gender, age, educational qualification, designation and years of experience on their opinions were examined by Chi-Square Test and the effect of the Constructs on Employee Satisfaction were determined by Regression Analysis.
Recent Developments and Analysis of Electromagnetic Metamaterial with all of ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Recent advances in metamaterials (MMs) research have highlighted the possibility to create novel devices with electromagnetic functionality. The metamaterial have the power which can easily construct materials with a user-designed EM response with a particular target frequency. This is the important phenomena of THz frequency region that can make a considerable progress in design fabrication, and define the characteristics of MMs at THz frequencies. This article illustrates the latest advancements of THz MMs research. Key word: Metamaterials (MMs), Terahertz (THz).
The Relationship Between Natural Resources and Sustainable Development IJSRP Journal
The sustainable development aims at raising the societies' standard of living by means of fulfilling the basic needs from the product the economic resources generated, particularly; the natural resources. These resources, by its nature; is limited and scarce and fall short in meeting all human needs at the same time, accordingly; the importance of optimal and fair use of natural resources in a way that satisfies the needs of the current generation, without affecting the needs of the generation to come. This could be achieved by good and rationalized planning in using natural resources to realize the sustainable development, taking into account the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. The most significant challenges the sustainable development encounters is the excessive exhaustion of using natural resources resultant out of lack of awareness in terms of scarcity of these resources and their importance in development. We recommend that the existing natural resources to be maintained, and other energy resourcesto be foundand usedusedduring the exceptional circumstance. Further, the awareness related to the rationalized use of natural resources should be outspread.
Intangible capital: Key factor of Sustainable development in MoroccoIJRTEMJOURNAL
Sustainable development and intangible capital are concepts that appear in government policy
action plans, and they have multiple ecological, economic, institutional and cultural challenges. Conscious of
the strategic importance of these processes, whose main idea is to create employment and added value while
ensuring respect for the environment, Morocco must meet the challenges posed by global warming, protection
of the environment and the exploitation of intangible capital. The unique challenge of national development and
economic growth lies in the improvement of Moroccan institutions and their governance, noting that World
Bank studies show that, sustainable and equitable development is essentially based on accumulation of
intangible assets, which have only human, social and institutional capital. In so far as it concerns almost all
dimensions and aspects of government policy, the twinning of sustainable development and intangible capital
involves a broad program of actions.
Declaración para Rio+20: 63 laureados de medio ambiente de 37 paises piden a los gobiernos en Rio+20 ser pioneros del cambio y la inovación social.
Declaration on Rio+20: 63 Environmental Laureates from 37 countries ask governments in Rio+20 to be pioneers and and social innovators.
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Indust...IJMER
ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Industr...IJMER
‘ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS
POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE
THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The
impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of
natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is
considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot
be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore
whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this
research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part
of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and
theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international
experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy
reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The
paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
TOO4TO Module 5 / Sustainable Resource Management: Part 1TOO4TO
This presentation is part of the Sustainable Management: Tools for Tomorrow (TOO4TO) learning materials. It covers the following topic: Sustainable Resource Management (Module 5). The material consists of 3 parts. This presentation covers Part 1.
You can find all TOO4TO Modules and their presentations here: https://too4to.eu/e-learning-course/
TOO4TO was a 35-month EU-funded Erasmus+ project, running until August 2023 in co-operation with European strategic partner institutions of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Poland), the Kaunas University of Technology (Lithuania), Turku University of Applied Sciences (Finland) and Global Impact Grid (Germany).
TOO4TO aims to increase the skills, competencies and awareness of future managers and employees with available tools and methods that can provide sustainable management and, as a result, support sustainable development in the EU and beyond.
Read more about the project here: https://too4to.eu/
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. Its whole content reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. PROJECT NUMBER 2020-1-PL01-KA203-082076
Preserving the Environment through Knowledge Managementinventionjournals
The environment quality is of high importance in all countries. One of the important achievements of rationalizing bioenvironmental issues is identifying works with harmful consequences in the future. Many thinkers believe that if man could learn constructive knowledge in steady development and attempt to practice them, he has made the biggest discovery and invention in the world. This is impossible except through appropriate knowledge management. Since each measure is concerned with a social or economic purpose, it inevitably affects the environment. Therefore, deciding regarding such issues requires having appropriate information and knowledge and timely transference in order to prevent the incidence of irreparable damage to the environment. Such damage and its consequences can not only affect the intended society, but also harm other societies, which can be irreparable. Here, the importance and role of knowledge management in making such decisions are manifested. In this paper, the importance of knowledge management in preserving the environment is analyzed while presenting a model, the point less considered in the previous studies, but can be of highest importance.
Preserving the Environment through Knowledge Managementinventionjournals
The environment quality is of high importance in all countries. One of the important achievements of rationalizing bioenvironmental issues is identifying works with harmful consequences in the future. Many thinkers believe that if man could learn constructive knowledge in steady development and attempt to practice them, he has made the biggest discovery and invention in the world. This is impossible except through appropriate knowledge management. Since each measure is concerned with a social or economic purpose, it inevitably affects the environment. Therefore, deciding regarding such issues requires having appropriate information and knowledge and timely transference in order to prevent the incidence of irreparable damage to the environment. Such damage and its consequences can not only affect the intended society, but also harm other societies, which can be irreparable. Here, the importance and role of knowledge management in making such decisions are manifested. In this paper, the importance of knowledge management in preserving the environment is analyzed while presenting a model, the point less considered in the previous studies, but can be of highest importance
VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to ma...Lviv Startup Club
Kseniya Leshchenko: Shared development support service model as the way to make small projects with small budgets profitable for the company (UA)
Kyiv PMDay 2024 Summer
Website – www.pmday.org
Youtube – https://www.youtube.com/startuplviv
FB – https://www.facebook.com/pmdayconference
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
[Note: This is a partial preview. To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
4. Sustainability Implementation & Best Practices
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Innovation and Sustainable Development: The Question of Energy Efficiency
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 10, Issue 6 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 01-10
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Innovation and Sustainable Development: The Question of
Energy Efficiency
Elwardi Dhaoui
Research Unit Money, Development and Infrastructures (MODEVI)/ Faculty of Economics and Management of
Sfax, Airport Road km 4.5, Sfax, 3018, Tunisia
Abstract: This article aims to examine the conditions in which technological innovation can foster and promote
sustainable development. It takes into account all forms of technological innovation potential for sustainable
development: process innovations, product innovations, organizational innovations, market innovations. It is
also interested in the whole chain of innovation and pays particular attention to the plurality of devices
innovation. This Research continues scientific representations which are guided by operational concerns.
This paper will attempt to discern the relationship between innovation and energy efficiency. Thus, we will
describe the technology and process innovation for sustainable development and where energy consumption is
minimized for a service rendered identical. We will put the findings into perspective in relation to the Tunisian
context.
Keywords: Energy efficiency, Innovation, renewable energy, Tunisia.
I. Introduction
Faced with the ecological and social crisis that is manifested now in a global level (climate change,
scarcity of natural resources, freshwater shortages, combination of peak oil, differences between developed and
developing countries, food security, deforestation and drastic loss biodiversity, global population growth,
natural and industrial disasters), sustainable development is a response to all stakeholders (governments,
economic actors, civil society), cultural and social development.
II. Conceptual Framework
II.1. Definition of sustainable development
In 1972, the United Nations Conference on Environment adopted a set of principles for sound management
of the environment. This statement has placed environmental issues in the international agenda and marked the
beginning of a dialogue between industrialized and developing countries on the relationship between economic
growth, pollution and the well-being of people all over the world
In 1987, the United Nations released the Brundtland Report, which included what is now one of the most widely
recognized definitions: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."1
.
According to the same report, the above definition contains within it two key concepts:
The concept of 'needs', in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority
should be given; and
The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's
ability to meet present and future needs.
This concept is not just about the environment. It is a goal that calls for policy changes in many sectors and
requires coherence between policies. Everything lies in finding a balance between social, economic and
environmental factors that constitute the three pillars of sustainable development. We must therefore take into
account the impact of decisions taken at a given time on solutions that provide for future generations.
Sustainable development is a new conception of the public interest, applied to the economic growth and global
reconsidered to take into account the environmental and social aspects of a globalized world.2
Sustainability requires the preservation, conservation of global capital over time.
The ethical argument is to consider that future generations have the right to inherit (in terms of human and
natural capital overall) sufficient capital to enable them to have the measurements and the potential to generate
and create a level well-being at least equivalent to that enjoyed by the present generation.
1
World Commission on Environment and Development."Our Common Future, Chapter 2: Towards Sustainable
Development". Un-documents.net. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
2
http://fr.wikipedia.org.wiki
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However, natural capital can suffer forms of degradation. To maintain this capital, a minimum of 3 rules can be
set:
The use of renewable resources should not exceed the rate of renewal level.
Exhaustible resources must be extracted at a rate allowing their replacement by renewable resources.
Emissions of all kinds of waste should be below the assimilative capacity of the environment.
II.2. Sectors involved in sustainable development
All sectors are concerned by sustainable development: agriculture, industry, housing, family
organization; but also the services (finance, tourism, etc.) that, contrary to widespread opinion, are not only
immaterial.
Figure 1. Scheme of sustainable development: at the confluence of three constituent parts.
The above diagram describes a comprehensive approach to the confluence of three concerns, saying "the three
pillars of sustainable development."
This reading can establish links between the different fields of education (citizenship, environment, global
solidarity, and health) related to sustainable development, and thus make your project more comprehensive and
citizen education.
II.3. The three pillars of sustainable development
The goal of sustainable development is to establish sustainable patterns that combine the economic,
social, ecological and human activities: "three pillars" to take into account by companies as well as by
individuals. The goal of sustainable development is to find a coherent balance and a long-term viable
relationship between these three issues. These three pillars add a cross-cutting issue, essential to the definition
and implementation of policies and actions relating to sustainable development governance.3
Governance involves the participation of all stakeholders (citizens, businesses, associations, elected, etc.)
decision-making process. Thus, it is a form of participatory democracy. Sustainable development is not a static
state of harmony, but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of
investments, the orientation of technological and institutional change are made consistent with future as with
needs of the present4
.
II.4. Meet the needs of current and future generations
Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.5
Preservation of the environment must be accompanied by the satisfaction of basic needs in terms of
employment, food, energy, water, waste. However, we encounter a difficulty in defining what the needs of the
3
The measurement of sustainable development according to the criteria of the Global Reporting Initiative incorporates
governance indicators as well as the ecological, social and economic indicators.
4
According to the Handbook of sustainable development criteria in the actions of international cooperation and solidarity.
5
Brundtland Report.
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present, and what will be the needs of future generations. We could retain such basic needs for food, housing,
and transportation.
In this context, sustainable development was included among the Millennium Development Goals by all
Member States of the United Nations.6
To meet current needs without relying on unsustainable use of non-renewable resources, a scenario of three
points was proposed:
Effectiveness (more performant techniques);
Sobriety (techniques used sparingly);
Use of renewable resources (e.g., solar or wind through rural electrification projects).
II.5. Innovation and Sustainable Development
Technological innovation (designed to reduce waste and save the flow of materials and energy) and
organizational innovation (industrial symbiosis of Kalundborg) are presented as viable in the short and long
term (systematic utilization of waste, looping cycles, dematerialization of products.
Moreover, innovation plays an important role insofar as it reduces the costs of environmental degradation.
Figure 2. Cost of environmental degradation in% of GDP in Tunisia in 2009
According to a study by the World Bank from 2009, the cost of environmental degradation would be
2.1% of GDP, both in terms of reducing production and loss of welfare caused by the deterioration of the quality
of life.
Constraints on resources are becoming stronger. This phenomenon is likely to grow. The government
has responded to this problem by increasing spending in the environmental protection, investment in
infrastructure and enhancing its efforts in conservation. The main challenge is to put in place a clear policy
framework and consistent for agriculture, industry, energy and tourism.
III. Energy Efficiency
All human activities, especially those that contribute to economic and social development, are related to
energy. Indeed, the development of a society is reflected in the increasing satisfaction of certain needs: food,
housing, health, education, leisure, etc. All these activities require energy consumption at varying degrees. The
provision of energy is essential to economic and social development.
Indeed, the problem of depletion of fossil resources and the fight against global warming and energy
independence will make renewable energy a political priority and a major challenge to sustainable development.
III.1. The importance of using renewable energy sources in the context of sustainable development
Definition of renewable energy
Renewable energy is a source of renewed energy quickly enough to be considered inexhaustible.
The renewability of energy depends on the speed at which the source is regenerated, but the speed at which it is
consumed. The behavior of energy consumers is a factor in the definition of renewable energy.
The main sources of renewable energy
Solar energy:
6
Sustainable Development: 7th Goal of the Millennium Development.
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Every hour, the sun sends to earth an amount of energy equivalent to 120000 terawatt/hours. This energy is free
and available to the extent that technology allows the capture of an economical manner. Solar energy obviously
generates a lot of heat, which is not partially captured and retained by the atmosphere, land and objects therein.
To retain more energy that hits the surface of the earth, we need a technology for the capture, concentrate and, if
necessary, transformed into electrical energy.
Wind energy:
It is a renewable energy that does not emit any pollutant. Wind turbines can convert wind energy into
more useful forms, such as electrical energy or mechanical energy to keep pumping water or air (RNC, website).
Hydropower:
The use of hydropower has expanded dramatically throughout the world in the twentieth century.
Today, it provides a significant portion of the world's electricity. Its principle is similar to that of wind power.
Indeed, the mechanical energy of the water causes the wheel of a turbine, which in turn drives a generator. The
latter converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Geothermal energy:
Geothermal heat pumps use the heat contained in the ground or water (groundwater or surface) and are
based on different types of system (indirect or direct expansion, vertical or horizontal). Geothermal heat pumps
recover heat from the ground via a coolant flowing through horizontal or vertical wells.
Energy from Biomass:
Biomass energy includes the forms of renewable energy plant (that is to say the result of
photosynthesis). These different forms of energy can come from wood, agricultural crops or other organic
residues (animal or vegetable fats for example). There are different heating systems using biomass as fuel
instead of oil or propane.
Biofuels:
There are various types of biofuels, depending on the type of plant and the process of transformation
from which they originate:
-Biodiesel: biofuels from oilseeds, made from vegetable oils obtained by pressing the seeds, or crude oil,
soybeans or canola. Also, we found in this category methyl esters of vegetable oil, obtained by chemical
transformation of these vegetable oils;
-Bioethanol: Biofuels produced from alcohol produced from plants containing sugar or starch;
-Biogas: biofuels produced by anaerobic fermentation of organic matter (animal fats, waste food waste,
vegetable crops, etc.) which can then be used as fuel once purified.
The methane (biogas):
Anaerobic digestion is a process of natural degradation of organic matter (fatty acids, fats, proteins,
animal waste, etc.). By a microbiological flora in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic process), is to capture the
methane gas (mainly methane) produced by the decomposition of the organic matter. This highly combustible
gas can be used to produce heat or electricity or as fuel in vehicles.
III.2. Definition of energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is an operating condition of a system for which the energy consumption is minimized
for a service rendered identical. This is a special case of the notion of efficiency and environmental performance
element. Energy efficiency is a particular case of energy savings, which are designed to reduce energy
consumption without necessarily the service is the same. In practice, it may be difficult to measure whether the
service is or is not identical. Energy efficiency can reduce environmental costs, economic and social issues
related to the production and consumption of energy. This is an important element of adaptation to climate
change and the fight against greenhouse gas emissions.
IV. The Impact of The Use of Renewable Energy Sources on the Three Dimensions of
Sustainable Development
Renewable energy is able to develop energy through technologies developed by humans.
The provision of energy services to the poor is a challenge. The use of renewable energy can create energy
supply so that it promotes the development, helps to reduce poverty, household environment and allows the
creation of new jobs.
IV.1. The contribution of renewable energy to the environmental dimension of sustainable development
Because renewable energy sources result in less pollutant emissions than fossil fuels, the existing
literature has limited environmental benefits of renewable energy to lower gas pollutants, in particular,
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
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This environmental benefit has grown, especially with the signing of the Kyoto Protocol by many countries,
who see the use of renewable energy as an inevitable path to comply with their commitments in this protocol
and therefore reduce the seriousness of climate change.
IV.2. The contribution of renewable energy sources to the socio-economic dimension of sustainable
The literature on renewable energy sources often lists their socio-economic benefits.
Chien and Hu (2007) analyze the effects of the use of renewable energy on technical efficiency of forty five
economies between 2001 and 2002, using the model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In this model, labor,
capital stock and consumption of energy are the three exogenous variables while the gross domestic product is
the only endogenous variable Both analysis lead to the following result: increased use of renewable energy
technology improves the efficiency of an economy, while increasing the use of traditional energy reduces
technical efficiency. Goldemberg (2006) believes that renewable energy is a key to achieving sustainability.
Indeed, the environmental problems at regional and global levels, as well as the dependence on energy imports
and supply problems will persist if the global energy system will continue to be dominated by fossil fuels.
Turyareeba (2001) considers that the development of renewable energy will contribute to improving the living
standards of the poor in rural areas. In addition, renewable energy can play a very important role in the
modernization of agriculture is the main source of income and job creation in some countries.
IV.3. The contribution of renewable energy to create jobs
The literature that has focused on the impacts of the use of renewable energy on employment showed,
generally, the existence of a positive effect. This has been verified by several studies in the context of European
and American countries.
These studies show that renewable energy sources require more jobs than conventional energy for the same
amount of energy produced.
However, it has a possibility of having negative effects on employment. Indeed, the negative impact on
employment from the effect of contraction may outweigh the positive impacts associated with the expansionary
effect, which brings us back to a net negative effect on employment in the long term.
V. Development Policy of Renewable Energy in Tunisia
V.1. Renewable energy in Tunisia: strengths and limitations
In the 70s and early 80s, thanks to the discovery of resources of oil and gas, energy has started playing a
major role in the social and economic development in Tunisia. However, like the rest of the economy is
developed and production has stagnated, the share of energy in GDP was reduced to only 5% in 2004, compared
to 13% in 1980.Energy is an important economic sector with export revenues reached 5.2 billion dinars in 2007,
compared to 5.2 billion DT for textile and 0.7 billion DT for olive oil.
At the same time, royalties on oil production contribute significantly to government revenue but the balance
between supply and demand is gradually tightened and the late 90s, Tunisia became a net importer energy.
Imports now cover a quarter of the energy needs.
Increasing dependence towards to imported hydrocarbons necessarily exposes domestic and / or state funds to
the volatility of international energy markets.
V.2. Constraints for the development of renewable energy in Tunisia
Development of renewable energy in Tunisia faces certain constraints such as:
- Inadequate regulatory frameworks, despite progress in some areas to allow self-generation and give free access
to the grid for the sale of electricity produced from renewable energy sources;
- The weakness of public funding and subsidies to conventional energy introduced by the State under the
protection of poor social strata;
- Lack of local expertise;
- The limits of research and technology transfer.
To overcome these obstacles, the strategy of development of renewable energy developed by Tunisia is based on
a comprehensive approach that takes into account the possibilities of industrial integration that creates added
value and direct and indirect jobs, the development of research and skills. In addition, some current experiments
show the importance and contribution of the Public-Private Partnership.
VI. Energy Efficiency in Agriculture
VI.1. Milk production
Refrigeration of milk with a plate heat exchanger
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Refrigeration of milk is responsible for about a quarter of the total electricity consumption on a dairy
farm. Improved cooling efficiency could therefore provide significant cost savings.
To reduce the milk cooling load tank, pre-cooling systems have been designed, including plate heat exchanger.
The plate heat exchanger can reduce the operating time of the compressor in the milk cooling and thus the
amount of energy necessary for the preservation of milk.
A plate heat exchanger consists of a series of thin corrugated metal plates between which a number of channels
are formed, with the primary and secondary fluids flowing through alternate channels. Heat transfer takes place
from the primary fluid steam to the secondary process fluid in adjacent channels across the plate. Figure 3 shows
a schematic representation of a plate heat exchanger.
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of a hear recovery system
The exchange of cold / heat lowers decrease the temperature of the milk from 36°C to 16-23°C for an average
difference of 16°C. After passing through the plate heat exchanger, the milk is stored in the milk tank to be then
cooled to the storage temperature (around 3°C).
Recovering heat for heating water
Heating water consumes a significant part of the energy on the farm. The water is heated with
electricity or propane. Whatever the source of energy used, the inlet temperature of the water in the water heater
has a major impact on the cost of heating water.
The installation of a heat recovery system can use a free and available heat source. This system allows reusing
the heat generated by the process of cooling of the milk.
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of a hear recovery system
The milk is cooled by a refrigeration system which transfers the heat from a source (milk) to a sink
(water or air) through a refrigerant gas. The heat of the refrigerant gas is then usually lost in the atmosphere of
the dairy or outside the building. The heat recovery system does not fundamentally change the operation of the
refrigeration system but allow reuse of heat usually lost.
VI.2. Efficient lighting
Given the importance of spending lighting on a dairy farm, it is necessary to look at some
technologies that reduce these costs while guaranteeing to maintain the productivity of cows. Indeed, research
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shows that a light of 108 to 250 lux for a period of 16 to 18 hours followed by a period of darkness of 6 to 8
hours results in increased milk production of 5 to 16%. Thus, it seems appropriate to "better light".
Technologies with the greatest potential are metal halide lamps and fluorescent lamps. They have a life far
superior to commonly used incandescent lamps (10,000 to 20,000 hours against 750 to 2000 hours).
Incandescent lamps are less efficient than fluorescent lamps (15 to 20 lumen / Watt against 50 to 80).
Figure 5. The fluorescent lamps
When replacing incandescent lamps with mercury lamps or fluorescent lamps, the producer must keep
in mind the importance of calibrating installation versus "needs" of his herd. The type of efficient lighting may
depend on the height of buildings and its configuration (free or hindered stall, height and shape of the roof),
other parameters such as the cleaning of buildings, etc.7
VI.3. Production of table eggs and hatching
Production of table eggs and hatching, as poultry production in general, are little energy intensive
sectors. The production of hatching eggs requires more energy because the stocking density is lower and the
heating needs of buildings so superior.
One way to reduce energy costs for heating is to use a solar wall.
The solar wall uses the energy of sunlight to preheat the incoming air in buildings. The solar collector comprises
a double sheet wall aluminum or steel) of black color, the surface of which is perforated top heated by solar
radiation. The energy captured by the solar wall is sunlight, not heat. Thus, it can generate as much energy in
winter than in summer.
Figure 6. The solar wall pattern
Thus, this technology offers the potential for greater energy savings in colder climates because the difference
between the outdoor temperature and the desired temperature inside the building is higher. The solar wall can
also be used with a natural ventilation system.
ventilation
7
Fortier M. and al, (2005), « L’éclairage des étables laitières » MAPAQ, p.9.
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Ventilation is a crucial function in the poultry business because it helps maintain good air quality
essential to the health of animals. According to the experts, there would be no major technological innovations
to significantly reduce the energy consumption of this type of device.
The only issues raised is the need to properly adapt the dimensions of the fan to the size of buildings and needs
air flow and get the fans with the best characteristics in terms of energy efficiency when renewing these .
Refrigeration of eggs
Refrigeration of eggs needs relatively minor power consumption in the poultry companies. As in the
case of ventilation, there are no new technologies which present current interest in the sector to reduce energy
costs for refrigeration eggs.
Cooling loads and temperatures instructions refrigerators in the poultry production does not justify the
installation of heat recovery system.
VII. Energy Efficiency in Industry: Existing Technologies for Innovative Solutions
Faced to the inevitable tensions on oil and fossil fuels, with a gradual depletion of fossil resources and
constraints on CO2 emissions which can only strengthen, the major manufacturers as well as SMEs should
continue efforts to energy efficiency.
The potential for energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions, is built through better energy management,
implementation of new uses with a high performance, using energy with low carbon content, re-process designs,
and the recovery and enhancement of heat lost today.
VII.1. Deposits energy savings by sector of activity
The main sources of economy today are identified on the one hand the management of utilities, that is to
say, steam, cold, compressed air or environmental conditioning of the premises, and secondly on the centralized
technical management of the energy, that is to say the overall optimization of the energy
consumption.8
Industrial processes themselves contain deposits of very high energy efficiency often poorly
estimated. Unit gains range from 20 to 90% (significant gains in the example of the use of membranes or drying
performance). The choice of technology in an investment will be dictated by technical and economic factors,
including energy efficiency, but after the quality, productivity and flexibility. The use of performant electrical
techniques9
often leads to a higher investment cost but contributes not only to improved energy efficiency, but
also more compact, precision, reliability and speed of the process where better quality control and increased
productivity. The techno-economic analysis of the potential savings in energy industry reveals, the complexity
and diversity of industrial processes, the main technical targets of energy efficiency: heat production (boilers,
34% of consumption and 14% of deposits), uses heat (ovens and drying, 28% cons. deposits and 31%), and
environmental conditioning of premises (only 8% of consumption but 13% of deposits). Fatal heat recovery
with conventional technologies on boilers and cold already represents 26% of deposits.10
VII.2. Heating technologies with high energy performance
Induction is the best available technology for heating solid food processing industries and metallurgy (heat
treatment of metals and fusion). Accurate and efficient, induction is used either for direct heating of metals, for
the heating of fluids in a vessel with the following benefits:
Heat is generated within the material to be heated, hence minimizing drastic energy losses due to transfers;
The thermal inertia is very low and high power density (up to 4 MW/m2)
The power modulation, the reproducibility of treatment cycles and automation are easy and provide great
flexibility;
The loss of material on the product by oxidation are reduced, productivity gains.
Importantly, induction heating has a high energy efficiency compared to flame heating or steam. It can
be divided by two in final energy consumption.
Use "Stop and Go" (no preheating or standby) can also obtain substantial energy savings.11
Depending on the application, the induction heating competes with heating flame (oxy-fuel furnaces or gas) or
resistance heating. Penetration in the industry as induction heating mode performance is only in its infancy, even
8
IEA report, 2007, “Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions”.
9
Bamberger Y, “Davantage d’électricité pour moins de CO2”, Réalités Industrielles, Nov 2008.
10
Terrien P., 2008, “ECLEER and Energy Efficiency in Industry”, Electricité de France Workshop Printemps de la
Recherche, Les Renardières, June.
11
Baake E., “Energy efficient use of electricity in metallurgical processes”, XVI int. congress on Electricity applications in a
modern world, UIE'08 Krakow (Poland), May 19-21, 2008.
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if it is already established foundry in the early transformations of steel mechanical, automobile production, and
more marginally parachemistry and food processing industries.
This electro-thermal technique still has significant potential for technological progress. Thus the
concept of "universal inducer" development couples generators / drivers for greater adaptability to the load
equipment, makes much more generic, less expensive and suitable for new applications.
This technological breakthrough could enter the market between 2010 and 2015, and eventually double the
market of induction.
VII.3. Recuperative and amplifying technologies
As indicated above, the valuation of fatal heat represents efficiency huge deposits, subject to the
availability of appropriate technologies.12
Three recovery fatal heat technologies must be improved:
Heat exchangers, for example by investigating the micro-channel heat exchangers;
Techno. Thermo. : Heat Pump Cover (HPC), mechanical vapor compression (MCV);
Organic Rankine cycle-or low pressure steam.
VII.4. In conclusion, three major research areas should be investigated
Developments in numerical methods and tools that can contribute to the optimization of industrial
manufacturing lines, with up to consider their re-design to target high energy integration and extending these
analyzes to industries never investigated by the methods: analysis of energy flow, re-design process taking into
account the life cycle analysis, economic factors, monitoring and control, the development of energy-efficient
technologies with energy integration for each ad hoc industrial processes such as induction heating furnaces
ultra rapid integration of renewable energy in their processes and storage, measuring chains at low cost, research
on the valuation of any calories lost in the industry, developing technologies and recuperative enhancer: HPC
industrial MCV, innovative interchanges.
VIII. Conclusion
Make technological innovation for sustainable development is a complex challenge, because the
concepts of innovation and sustainable development are both multidimensional. Also, characterize the
technologies for sustainable development should not focus only on the technology itself, but also on the process
of design and delivery. The key to sustainable development lies in the following three dimensions: technology,
organizational innovation, changes in lifestyles. Farmers, industry and consumers will change their habits if they
want to improve their well-being, without suffering from environmental degradation.
Tunisia has the necessary assets to join the era of the knowledge society, provided that all components
of society understand that the most important resource we have and who is able to help us meet the many
challenges of the future, including our contemporary world, complex and hard in many ways, is precisely our
human resource, to which Tunisia has focused since its independence. However, there remains much work to be
done. This requires in particular a great effort to generalize the culture of research and encouragement of
excellence. Put technological innovation for sustainable development is a complex challenge, because the
concepts of innovation and sustainable development are both multidimensional. Also characterize the
technologies for sustainable development, knowing that the characterization should not focus only on the
technology itself, but also on the process of design and delivery. The key to sustainable development lies in the
following three: technology, organizational innovation, changes in lifestyles.
Through various analyzes, we discerned that the energy efficiency for Tunisia is a key issue. Thus, the
use of renewable energy is imperative. Technological innovation plays a vital role in so far as it is favorable to
sustainable development, taking into account not only environmental, but also other dimensions of sustainable
development.
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