With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail outlets such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and not in the multi brand retail sector. Many of them have entered through joint ventures. If government allow them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and kirana stores will not be able to stand in the market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise how the kirana stores can be saved from these big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save these kirana stores because in a developing country like India where the income of an average man is low, such types of small business can make them able to earn their living. The present research is an attempt to find out the weaknesses of kirana stores as compared to the malls and to find out the solutions for the betterment of the stores. The research is conducted on various kirana stores in Punjab. The study identifies the problems being faced by kirana merchants such as recovery of credit, inventory management, goodwill in terms of quality, low space, and lack of variety etc. But during the research it has been found out that there are certain areas where these kirana stores have an edge over the market such as emotional attachment with the customer, to fulfil the timely need of credit of the customer, easy availability etc. It is concluded that both kirana stores and malls are important to the Indian economy. FDI is important for the growth of the economy but it should come for the rescue of the existing business and not as a threat. Secondly government intervention is seeked to make improvements in the functioning of the kirana stores. If kirana stores starts using their strategic advantages to the optimum level, they can make can make their existence strong in the market.
An overview on Indian retail industry. Included information like evolution of retail in India, retail formats in India, key players, competitive landscape, key strategies, industry growth, etc.
Market Research Report : Retail Market in India 2012Netscribes, Inc.
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For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
Retail market in India was valued at INR 16.94 tr in 2010 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 11%. It accounts for 22% of the country's GDP and is the second largest employer with 35.06 mn people. Traditional retail formats are fast getting replaced by modern organised retail formats. Due to growing retail space and changing consumer behaviour, retail market in India is poised for strong growth in the near future.
The report begins with the market overview section that gives an insight into the retail market in India, its market size and growth, along with the share of major retail segments. Low organised retail penetration indicates huge growth potential of this market. This is followed by the major segments in the retail market, where food and grocery occupies the largest share. The various market entry strategies available for foreign retailers, franchising, cash and carry wholesale trading, strategic license agreements, joint ventures, manufacturing, distribution, have also been highlighted. A comparison of the traditional retail supply chain with the modern retail supply chain has also been given. The section also includes an overview of the various organised retail formats, hypermarkets, cash-and-carry, department stores, supermarkets, shop-in-shop, specialty stores, category killers, discount stores and convenience stores. Additionally, an analysis of Porter’s Five Forces provides an insight into the competitive intensity and attractiveness of the market.
An analysis of the drivers and challenges explains the factors leading to the growth of the market including low organised retail penetration, rising income levels and consumerism, growing retail space and mall boom, increasing availability of credit and changing demographics and consumer behaviour. Strong opportunity exists in the market due to low organised retail penetration in India. This coupled with the fact that income level and consumerism are rising, will drive the retail market. The key challenges identified are insufficiencies in supply chain, shortage of skilled manpower and real estate issues.
Key trends in the market have also been analysed which includes emergence of innovative retail formats, online and rural retailing and integration of various business strategies. This is followed by a section on the FDI scenario of the retail market in India which includes evolution of retail FDI policy, current FDI scenario in retail, single brand retailing and multi brand retailing in India. A section on the investment scenario of this market is also highlighted, including investment and expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and partnership agreements in the retail sector.
The competition section provides an overview of the competitive landscape in the market and includes a detailed profile of the major players. It begins with a matrix showing the various retail formats under which the playe
An overview on Indian retail industry. Included information like evolution of retail in India, retail formats in India, key players, competitive landscape, key strategies, industry growth, etc.
Market Research Report : Retail Market in India 2012Netscribes, Inc.
Â
For the complete report, get in touch with us at : info@netscribes.com
Retail market in India was valued at INR 16.94 tr in 2010 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 11%. It accounts for 22% of the country's GDP and is the second largest employer with 35.06 mn people. Traditional retail formats are fast getting replaced by modern organised retail formats. Due to growing retail space and changing consumer behaviour, retail market in India is poised for strong growth in the near future.
The report begins with the market overview section that gives an insight into the retail market in India, its market size and growth, along with the share of major retail segments. Low organised retail penetration indicates huge growth potential of this market. This is followed by the major segments in the retail market, where food and grocery occupies the largest share. The various market entry strategies available for foreign retailers, franchising, cash and carry wholesale trading, strategic license agreements, joint ventures, manufacturing, distribution, have also been highlighted. A comparison of the traditional retail supply chain with the modern retail supply chain has also been given. The section also includes an overview of the various organised retail formats, hypermarkets, cash-and-carry, department stores, supermarkets, shop-in-shop, specialty stores, category killers, discount stores and convenience stores. Additionally, an analysis of Porter’s Five Forces provides an insight into the competitive intensity and attractiveness of the market.
An analysis of the drivers and challenges explains the factors leading to the growth of the market including low organised retail penetration, rising income levels and consumerism, growing retail space and mall boom, increasing availability of credit and changing demographics and consumer behaviour. Strong opportunity exists in the market due to low organised retail penetration in India. This coupled with the fact that income level and consumerism are rising, will drive the retail market. The key challenges identified are insufficiencies in supply chain, shortage of skilled manpower and real estate issues.
Key trends in the market have also been analysed which includes emergence of innovative retail formats, online and rural retailing and integration of various business strategies. This is followed by a section on the FDI scenario of the retail market in India which includes evolution of retail FDI policy, current FDI scenario in retail, single brand retailing and multi brand retailing in India. A section on the investment scenario of this market is also highlighted, including investment and expansion plans, mergers and acquisitions, and partnership agreements in the retail sector.
The competition section provides an overview of the competitive landscape in the market and includes a detailed profile of the major players. It begins with a matrix showing the various retail formats under which the playe
retail analysis with pestel, condition of indian retail in terms of figures and a brief forecast and Pestle, future of retail in India, relation between India & retail, can retail survive in India, projection of retail in India, future analysis of retail in India, Is retail good in India, Pestle Analysis of retail future in India, Pestle and retail analysis in India, Retail in India and hindrance in it through Pestle analysis
An Empirical Study on Patient Delight and the Impact of Human and Non-Human F...IOSR Journals
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Health, one of the Fundamental Human Rights has been accepted in the Indian Constitution. Today the healthcare industry has emerged as one of the most challenging sectors as well as one of the largest service sector industries in India. Patient perceived service quality become the prominent aspect to choose between hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate patient perceived service quality in Indian hospitals. Further the impact of the dimensions on patient satisfaction and patient delight is examined. A questionnaire was administered to the in-patients and multiple regression analysis has been used to examine the impact of the dimensions on patient satisfaction and patient delight. Findings emphasize eight distinct dimensions of patient perceived service quality and the impact on patient satisfaction and patient delight. A positive and significant relationship with patient satisfaction and patient delight has been found, except two dimensions. The results of this study are limited, as they are based on Indian hospitals. The contribution of this research paper, incorporate patient delight in health care sector. In addition, this paper highlights the importance of emotional attachment for patient satisfaction and patient delight in health care.
An EOQ Model for Weibull Deteriorating Items With Price Dependent DemandIOSR Journals
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In the present paper we developed an economic order quantity model for Weibull deteriorating items with price dependent demand rate together with a replenishment policy for profit maximization. The demand rate is a continuous and differentiable function of price. The variable items deteriorate with time shortages are allowed and completely back-ordered. Further it is illustrated with the help of numerical examples.
Feature Extraction of an Image by Using Adaptive Filtering and Morpological S...IOSR Journals
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Abstract: For enhancing an image various enhancement schemes are used which includes gray scale manipulation, filtering and Histogram Equalization, Where Histogram equalization is one of the well known image enhancement technique. It became a popular technique for contrast enhancement because it is simple and effective. The basic idea of Histogram Equalization method is to remap the gray levels of an image. Here using morphological segmentation we can get the segmented image. Morphological reconstruction is used to segment the image. Comparative analysis of different enhancement and segmentation will be carried out. This comparison will be done on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Subjective parameter is visual quality and objective parameters are Area, Perimeter, Min and Max intensity, Avg Voxel Intensity, Std Dev of Intensity, Eccentricity, Coefficient of skewness, Coefficient of Kurtosis, Median intensity, Mode intensity. Keywords: Histogram Equalization, Segmentation, Morphological Reconstruction .
Performance Analysis of OFDM in Combating Multipath FadingIOSR Journals
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Abstract: Mobile Communication system has been on high rampage for high data transmission over wireless medium with various challenges caused by the transmission Channel. OFDM is been discovered in recent years to deal with this problems because of its ability to elegantly cope with multipath interference. This paper investigates the performance of different modulation schemes using M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) in information transmission with OFDM technique over Ideal channel AWGN and worst channel Rayleigh Fading channel in terms of Bits Error Rate (BER). Analysis was made for different types of modulation schemes BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM and 16-QAM gray coded bit mapping. Also, a feasibility of OFDM been used to combat multipath fading was analyzed with comparison between a single carrier technique and OFDM multicarrier technique. Variation between SNR results with respect to BER is plotted to show the trade off differences between the modulation schemes with the result showing that OFDM allows data transmission with minimal error over fading channel than a Single Carrier. Keywords: OFDM, Single Carrier, AWGN, Rayleigh fading, BER, M-ary PSK, M-ary QAM
Experimental & Finite Element Analysis of Left Side Lower Wishbone Arm of Ind...IOSR Journals
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: The Wishbone control arm is a type of independent suspension used in motor vehicles. The general
function of control arms is to keep the wheels of a motor vehicle from uncontrollably swerving when the road
conditions are not smooth. The control arm suspension normally consists of upper and lower arms. The upper
and lower control arms have different structures based on the model and purpose of the vehicle. By many
accounts, the lower control arm is the better shock absorber than the upper arm because of its position and load
bearing capacities. It has an “A” shape on the bottom known as wishbone shape which carries most of the load
from the shock received. The lower control arm takes most of the impact that the road has on the wheels of the
motor vehicle. It either stores that impact or sends it to the coils of the suspension depending on its shape.
During the actual working condition, the maximum load is transferred from upper wishbone arm to the lower
arm which creates possibility of failure in the arm. Similarly, impact loading produces the bending which is not
desirable. Hence it is essential to focus on the stress strain analysis study of lower wishbone arm to improve and
modify the existing design. The present study will contribute in this problem by using finite element analysis
approach.
retail analysis with pestel, condition of indian retail in terms of figures and a brief forecast and Pestle, future of retail in India, relation between India & retail, can retail survive in India, projection of retail in India, future analysis of retail in India, Is retail good in India, Pestle Analysis of retail future in India, Pestle and retail analysis in India, Retail in India and hindrance in it through Pestle analysis
An Empirical Study on Patient Delight and the Impact of Human and Non-Human F...IOSR Journals
Â
Health, one of the Fundamental Human Rights has been accepted in the Indian Constitution. Today the healthcare industry has emerged as one of the most challenging sectors as well as one of the largest service sector industries in India. Patient perceived service quality become the prominent aspect to choose between hospitals. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate patient perceived service quality in Indian hospitals. Further the impact of the dimensions on patient satisfaction and patient delight is examined. A questionnaire was administered to the in-patients and multiple regression analysis has been used to examine the impact of the dimensions on patient satisfaction and patient delight. Findings emphasize eight distinct dimensions of patient perceived service quality and the impact on patient satisfaction and patient delight. A positive and significant relationship with patient satisfaction and patient delight has been found, except two dimensions. The results of this study are limited, as they are based on Indian hospitals. The contribution of this research paper, incorporate patient delight in health care sector. In addition, this paper highlights the importance of emotional attachment for patient satisfaction and patient delight in health care.
An EOQ Model for Weibull Deteriorating Items With Price Dependent DemandIOSR Journals
Â
In the present paper we developed an economic order quantity model for Weibull deteriorating items with price dependent demand rate together with a replenishment policy for profit maximization. The demand rate is a continuous and differentiable function of price. The variable items deteriorate with time shortages are allowed and completely back-ordered. Further it is illustrated with the help of numerical examples.
Feature Extraction of an Image by Using Adaptive Filtering and Morpological S...IOSR Journals
Â
Abstract: For enhancing an image various enhancement schemes are used which includes gray scale manipulation, filtering and Histogram Equalization, Where Histogram equalization is one of the well known image enhancement technique. It became a popular technique for contrast enhancement because it is simple and effective. The basic idea of Histogram Equalization method is to remap the gray levels of an image. Here using morphological segmentation we can get the segmented image. Morphological reconstruction is used to segment the image. Comparative analysis of different enhancement and segmentation will be carried out. This comparison will be done on the basis of subjective and objective parameters. Subjective parameter is visual quality and objective parameters are Area, Perimeter, Min and Max intensity, Avg Voxel Intensity, Std Dev of Intensity, Eccentricity, Coefficient of skewness, Coefficient of Kurtosis, Median intensity, Mode intensity. Keywords: Histogram Equalization, Segmentation, Morphological Reconstruction .
Performance Analysis of OFDM in Combating Multipath FadingIOSR Journals
Â
Abstract: Mobile Communication system has been on high rampage for high data transmission over wireless medium with various challenges caused by the transmission Channel. OFDM is been discovered in recent years to deal with this problems because of its ability to elegantly cope with multipath interference. This paper investigates the performance of different modulation schemes using M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) in information transmission with OFDM technique over Ideal channel AWGN and worst channel Rayleigh Fading channel in terms of Bits Error Rate (BER). Analysis was made for different types of modulation schemes BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM and 16-QAM gray coded bit mapping. Also, a feasibility of OFDM been used to combat multipath fading was analyzed with comparison between a single carrier technique and OFDM multicarrier technique. Variation between SNR results with respect to BER is plotted to show the trade off differences between the modulation schemes with the result showing that OFDM allows data transmission with minimal error over fading channel than a Single Carrier. Keywords: OFDM, Single Carrier, AWGN, Rayleigh fading, BER, M-ary PSK, M-ary QAM
Experimental & Finite Element Analysis of Left Side Lower Wishbone Arm of Ind...IOSR Journals
Â
: The Wishbone control arm is a type of independent suspension used in motor vehicles. The general
function of control arms is to keep the wheels of a motor vehicle from uncontrollably swerving when the road
conditions are not smooth. The control arm suspension normally consists of upper and lower arms. The upper
and lower control arms have different structures based on the model and purpose of the vehicle. By many
accounts, the lower control arm is the better shock absorber than the upper arm because of its position and load
bearing capacities. It has an “A” shape on the bottom known as wishbone shape which carries most of the load
from the shock received. The lower control arm takes most of the impact that the road has on the wheels of the
motor vehicle. It either stores that impact or sends it to the coils of the suspension depending on its shape.
During the actual working condition, the maximum load is transferred from upper wishbone arm to the lower
arm which creates possibility of failure in the arm. Similarly, impact loading produces the bending which is not
desirable. Hence it is essential to focus on the stress strain analysis study of lower wishbone arm to improve and
modify the existing design. The present study will contribute in this problem by using finite element analysis
approach.
Before January 2009, inpatient discharges were done through central discharges system at the ground floor of finance department. Effective January 2010 a new decentralise inpatient discharges system at wad level was implemented . Before the implementation of the new system, data were collected from July 2009 to December 2009 on the total number of feedback form received, number of complaint on hassle of discharge and complaint of long waiting time. After the implementation of the new system, the same data were collected from January to June 2010. The two set of data were compared to see the impact of the new discharge system. Further monitoring was done by collecting data for the first six month of 2011 and the first six month of 2012.Based on the data collected it was found that for a period of July to December 2009, 295 complaints on hassle of discharges and 46 complaints on long waiting time. For the period from January to June 2010, there was no complaint on the hassle of discharges but 38 complaints on the long waiting time. Further monitoring was done from January to June 2011 and it was found that there was no complaint on the hassle of discharges but complaints on the long waiting time had reduced to 8 cases. For the period from January to June 2012, there was no complaint about the hassle but only 6 cases on the long waiting time. Revenue of the hospital grows by 35% from year 2009 to 2012 and PBT grows by 250% from year 2009 to 2012.
Effects of Variable Fluid Properties and MHD on Mixed Convection Heat Transfe...IOSR Journals
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The effects of variable Fluid Properties like variation of permeability, porosity, thermal conductivity and magnetic field on Mixed Convection Heat transfer from Vertical Heated Plate Embedded in a Sparsely Packed Porous Medium have been approached numerically. The boundary layer flow in the porous medium is governed by Lapwood – Forchheimer – Brinkman extended Darcy model and the Lorentz force. The natures of these equations are highly non-linear and coupled each other. The non-linear differential equations are non-dimensionalised using the non-dimensional parameter involving Grashoff number Gr, Prandtl number Pr, Hartmann number M, Eckert number E and so on. Similarity transformations are employed and the resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by using shooting algorithm with Runge – Kutta and Newton – Raphson method to obtain velocity and temperature distributions. Besides, skin friction and Nusselt number are also computed for various physical parameters governing the problem under consideration. It is found that the inertial parameter has a significant influence in decreasing the flow field, whereas its influence is reversed on the rate of heat transfer for all values of permeability considered. The effect of Magnetic field is diminution with velocity of the fluid flow. Further, the obtained results under the two limiting conditions were found to be in good agreement with the existing results
Design, Analysis and Implementation of Modified Luby Transform CodeIOSR Journals
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Abstract : Bit losses in erasure channels like computer networks are of great concern. The existing methods to combat bit losses are either inefficient or time consuming due to the retransmission protocols involved. Through this paper, we propose a Modified Luby Transform (MLT) coding scheme to efficiently transmit data over live computer networks. The MLT code can combat bit losses as well as eliminate the need for retransmission. The usability and reliability of the proposed MLT code is verified by testing it on a live computer network. Keywords : Erasure channel, Fountain Codes, Luby Transform Codes , Wired Networks, Wireless Networks
Performance Analysis of Rake Receivers in IR–UWB SystemIOSR Journals
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ABSTRACT : Suppression of interference in time domain equalizers is attempted for high data rate impulse radio (IR) ultra wideband communication system. The narrow band systems may cause interference with UWB devices as it is having very low transmission power and the large bandwidth. SRAKE receiver improves system performance by equalizing signals from different paths. This enables the use of SRAKE receiver techniques in IR UWB systems A semi analytical approach is used to investigate the BER performance of SRAKE receiver on IEEE 802.15.3a UWB channel models. Study on non-line of sight indoor channel models (both CM3 and CM4) illustrates that bit error rate performance of SRake receiver with NBI performs better than that of Rake receiver without NBI Keywords – Bit error rate, Impulse radio, Non-line of sight, SRAKE receiver, Ultra wideband (UWB)
Reduce Evaporation Losses from Water ReservoirsIOSR Journals
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Evaporation suppression is the reduction of evaporation bycontrolling the rate at which water vapor escapes from water surfaces. The need for water saving is greatest in areas of little rainfall and low runoff. Water losses by evaporation from storage reservoirs must be minimized for greatest utility of limitedsupplies. Using trash of polyethylene with different densities (800, 875 and 900 kg/m3) as floating cover to the water filling cylindrical container with 8 cm diameter led to reduce the evaporation rate. A suitable trash density of 800 kg/m3 gave reduction in evaporation rate of 57% from the theoretical results calculated using equation (4) which is a good result if compared with previous researches
Organizational citizenship Behavior as Attitude Integrity in Measurement of I...IOSR Journals
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Quality of Human Resource represent one of the factor which to increase performance productivity an institution or organization. Therefore, needed Human Resource having high interest because interest or membership will be able to support the make-up of employees performance achievement. During the time at generally in governance institution not yet had officer with adequate interest, proved with still lower officer productivity and is difficult measure officer performance [in] governance institution scope. Performance Management System in a modern concept of human resource management is an objective and transparent performance measurement model of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in giving reward to individual’s sacrifice for organization. Three main elements of individual’s sacrifice performed in Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) are compliance, loyality, and participation.The organization shoud appreciate these attitudes by giving clear job description and brief rewardsystemcriteriato encourage the individual’s job motivation. Combined with theindividual assessment of job description, job grading is used to compile a correct Key Performance Indexand a precise salary component. The aim of this action research is to give a comprehensive solution for Hospital X, in order to determine a Key Performance Indexsmodel, in response to some problems such as jobmotivation, work stress and performance. An interviews with hospital’s director and Human Resources section was conducted to compile the KPI. The results of this research can be recommended to the hospital to make a comprehensive performance assessment consist of the review of employee's job descriptions, Key Performance Indicator (KPI), job grading, specifying fundamental salary based on work,Bonus Scame and score summary
An Analysis of the Relationship between Fiscal Deficits and Selected Macroeco...IOSR Journals
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This study investigates the relationship that exists between the Government Deficit Spending and selected macroeconomic variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Exchange Rate, Inflation, Money Supply and Lending Interest Rate. The period covered is 1970 (when the civil war ended) and 2011. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was adopted to analyze the relationships. The study concludes that Government Deficit Spending (GDS) has positive significant relationship with GDP. Government Deficit Spending also has positive significant relationship with Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Money Supply. Government Deficit has negative significant relationship with Lending Interest Rate and most likely crowd-out the private sector by raising the cost of funds. Deficit spending has been known to have adverse effects on the economy and government is advised to curtail excessive deficit spending. It is recommended that further research is done to establish other variables that are affected by government deficit spending.
Innovation and Sustainable Development: The Question of Energy EfficiencyIOSR Journals
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This article aims to examine the conditions in which technological innovation can foster and promote sustainable development. It takes into account all forms of technological innovation potential for sustainable development: process innovations, product innovations, organizational innovations, market innovations. It is also interested in the whole chain of innovation and pays particular attention to the plurality of devices innovation. This Research continues scientific representations which are guided by operational concerns. This paper will attempt to discern the relationship between innovation and energy efficiency. Thus, we will describe the technology and process innovation for sustainable development and where energy consumption is minimized for a service rendered identical. We will put the findings into perspective in relation to the Tunisian context
WSO-LINK: Algorithm to Eliminate Web Structure Outliers in Web PagesIOSR Journals
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Abstract: Web Mining is specialized field of Data Mining which deals with the methods and techniques of data
mining to extract useful patterns from the web data that is available in web server logs/databases. Web content
mining is one of the classifications of web mining which extracts information from the web documents
containing texts, links, videos and multimedia data available in World Wide Web databases. Further, web
structure mining is a kind of web content mining which extracts patterns and meaningful information from the
structure of hyperlinks contained in web documents having the same domain. The hyperlinks which are not
related to content or the invalid ones are called web structure outliers. In this paper the basic aim is to find out
these web structure outliers.
Keywords- Outliers, web outlier mining, web structure mining, Web mining, web structure documents
A survey on context aware system & intelligent Middleware’sIOSR Journals
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Abstract: Context aware system or Sentient system is the most profound concept in the ubiquitous computing.
In the cloud system or in distributed computing building a context aware system is difficult task and
programmer should use more generic programming framework. On the basis of layered conceptual design, we
introduce Context aware systems with Context aware middleware’s. On the basis of presented system we will
analyze different approaches of context aware computing. There are many components in the distributed system
and these components should interact with each other because it is the need of many applications. Plenty
Context middleware’s have been made but they are giving partial solutions. In this paper we are giving analysis
of different middleware’s and comprehensive application of it in context caching.
Keywords: Context aware system, Context aware Middleware’s, Context Cache
Educational Setup by a Global Repute Company of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh)...IOSR Journals
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This report was carried out to divulge the main aspect of a company’s social responsibility towards the society, specifically the vicinity in which they are operating. The company has an industrial unit in a village of Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh) and has adopted the villages within 5kms of radius. The report provides an analysis and evaluation of current and prospective performance of students enrolled by the trust in a school started by them for the village students. The sample taken was of 55 students of two nearby villages. The method of analysis included questionnaires, interaction with the teachers, students, parents and the employees of the trust, along with that inspection was personally conducted to ensure no loopholes were there and its fixture if any. The findings suggest that the company has to follow some standard procedures to ensure regular attendance of these students enrolled by them. A regular check on the teachers needs to be maintained to match the educational standards expected, so as to fully ensure their responsibility towards the society. The results showed that the engagement of the students in their household chores left them with little time to attend school in case of girl students and various other factors affected the performance of the students overall.
CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOR AT BANGALORE CENTRAL Srihari Reddy
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The Company is an integrated fashion company with presence across key segments within the fashion industry i.e. design to distribution. Company’s business has been designed to capture the trend of consumers getting more attuned to fashion and brand preferences. We have a portfolio of fashion brands that cover the entire gamut of sub-categories including formal menswear, casual wear, active or sportswear, women’s ethnic wear, women’s denim wear, women’s casual wear, footwear and accessories and are present across various price points.
CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT PANTALOONSSrihari Reddy
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Customer Buying Behavior is the study of individuals and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Customer behavior is increasingly a part of strategic planning for the future investment and growth of any industry. Retail industry or precisely to say apparel industry is no exception.
Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.
Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for about 10 percent of its GDP
Retail is the sale of goods to end users, not for resale, but for use and consumption by the purchaser.
It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world's fifth-largest global destination in the retail space.
LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
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Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
We will dig deeper into:
1. How to capture video testimonials that convert from your audience 🎥
2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales đź’˛
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. đź“Š
Affordable Stationery Printing Services in Jaipur | Navpack n PrintNavpack & Print
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Looking for professional printing services in Jaipur? Navpack n Print offers high-quality and affordable stationery printing for all your business needs. Stand out with custom stationery designs and fast turnaround times. Contact us today for a quote!
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
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Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
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Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
Know more: https://www.synapseindia.com/technology/mean-stack-development-company.html
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
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Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
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Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
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1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 10, Issue 1 (May. - Jun. 2013), PP 01-07
www.iosrjournals.org
www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Supermarkets Vs Small kirana stores
Ekta Rani
Abstract: With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in
the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail
outlets such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of
products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and
not in the multi brand retail sector. Many of them have entered through joint ventures. If government allow
them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and kirana stores will not be able to stand in the
market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise how the kirana stores can be saved from these
big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save these kirana stores because in a developing
country like India where the income of an average man is low, such types of small business can make them able
to earn their living. The present research is an attempt to find out the weaknesses of kirana stores as compared
to the malls and to find out the solutions for the betterment of the stores. The research is conducted on various
kirana stores in Punjab. The study identifies the problems being faced by kirana merchants such as recovery of
credit, inventory management, goodwill in terms of quality, low space, and lack of variety etc. But during the
research it has been found out that there are certain areas where these kirana stores have an edge over the
market such as emotional attachment with the customer, to fulfil the timely need of credit of the customer, easy
availability etc. It is concluded that both kirana stores and malls are important to the Indian economy. FDI is
important for the growth of the economy but it should come for the rescue of the existing business and not as a
threat. Secondly government intervention is seeked to make improvements in the functioning of the kirana
stores. If kirana stores starts using their strategic advantages to the optimum level, they can make can make
their existence strong in the market.
Key Words: supermarkets, FDI, Strategic advantage
I. Introduction to Retail sector
The retailing has been derived from the French word “retailor” which means to cut a piece off or to
break bulk. Retailing is defined as a conclusive set of activities or steps used to sell a product or a service to
consumers for their personal or family use. The journey of the sale of a product begins with the producer from
whom a middleman acquires supplies of goods or services and delivers to the ultimate consumer by performing
different sets of activities. The job of retailing is done by the retailor who thus links the producers with a variety
of supplies of all the manufacturers.
II. Retail Scenario in India: Touching Meteoric Scales
The retail scenario in India is unique as compared to the world scenario. In the early 1980s the industry
was dominated by the unorganised sector largely comprised of peddlers, vegetable vendors, neighbourhood
kirana stores etc. It is only with the blessing of government policy of liberalisation, privatisation, globalisation
in 1991 that organised sector in India have been progressing day by day. The change in the demographic profile
of the Indian consumers and consumers buying behaviour gave momentum to the growth of retail sector in the
economy. The Indian consumer today has wide choice ranging from shoping centres to multiplex malls that
offer “everything under single roof”.
As the corporates – the Piramals, the Tatas, the Rahejas, ITC, S.Kumar‟s, RPG Enterprises, and mega
retailers- Crosswords, Shopper‟s Stop, and Pantaloons race to revolutionize the retailing sector, retail as an
industry in India is coming alive. Retail sales in India amounted to about Rs.7400 billion in 2002, expanded at
an average annual rate of 7% during 1999-2002. With the upturn in economic growth during 2003, retail sales
are also expected to expand at a higher pace of nearly 10%. Across the country, retail sales in real terms are
predicted to rise more rapidly than consumer expenditure during 2003-08. The forecast growth in real retail
sales during 2003- 2008 is 8.3% per year, compared with 7.1% for consumer expenditure. Modernization of the
Indian retail sector will be reflected in rapid growth in sales of supermarkets, departmental stores and hyper
marts. Sales from these large-format stores are to expand at growth rates ranging from 24% to 49% per year
during 2003-2008, according to a latest report by Euro monitor International, a leading provider of global
consumer-market intelligence. A Mc Kinsey report titled “Indian consumer market” estimated that the total
retail market in India is likely to increase to US dollar 833 bn by 2013 and by 2018 to 1.3 tn at a compounded
annual growth rate of 10%. A. T. Kearney Inc. places India 6th on a global retail development index. The
2. Supermarkets Vs Small kirana stores
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country has the highest per capita outlets in the world - 5.5 outlets per 1000 population. Around 7% of the
population in India is engaged in retailing, as compared to 20% in the USA. In a developing country like India, a
large chunk of consumer expenditure is on basicnecessities, especially food-related items. Hence, it is not
surprising that food, beverages and tobacco accounted for as much as 71% of retail sales in 2002. The share of
food related items had, however, declined over the review period, down from 73% in 1999. This is not
unexpected, because with income growth, Indians, like consumers elsewhere, have started spending more on
non-food items compared with food products. Sales through supermarkets and department stores are small
compared with overall retail sales. Nevertheless, their sales have grown much more rapidly, at almost a triple
rate (about 30% per year during the review period). This high acceleration in sales through modern retail
formats is expected to continue during the next few years, with the rapid growth in numbers of such outlets due
to consumer demand and business potential. The factors responsible for the development of the retail sector in
India can be broadly summarized as follows:
• Rising incomes and improvements in infrastructure are enlarging consumer markets and accelerating the
convergence of consumer tastes. Looking at income classification, the National Council of Applied Economic
Research (NCAER) classified approximately 50% of the Indian population as low income in 1994- 95; this is
expected to decline to 17.8% in the coming years.
• Liberalization of the Indian economy which has led to the opening up of the market for consumer goods has
helped the MNC brands like Unilever, Nestle, etc. To make significant inroads into the vast consumer market by
offering a wide range of choices to the Indian consumers.
• Shift in consumer demand to foreign brands like McDonalds, Sony, Panasonic, etc.
• The internet revolution is making the Indian consumer more accessible to the growing influences of domestic
and foreign retail chains. Reach of satellite T.V. channels is helping in creating awareness about global products
for local markets. About 47% of India‟s population is under the age of 20; and this will increase to 55% by
2015. This young population, which is technology-savvy, watch more than 50 TV satellite channels, and display
the highest propensity to spend, will immensely contribute to the growth of the retail sector in the country. As
India continues to get strongly integrated with the world economy riding the waves of globalization, the retail
sector is bound to take big leaps in the years to come. The Indian retail sector is estimated to have a market size
of about $ 180 billion; but the organised sector represents only 2% share of this market. Most of the organised
retailing in the country has just started recently, and has been concentrated mainly in the metro cities. India is
the last large Asian economy to liberalize its retail sector. In Thailand, more than 40% of all consumer goods are
sold through the super markets and departmental stores. A similar phenomenon has swept through all other
Asian countries. Organised retailing in India has a huge scope because of the vast market and the growing
consciousness of the consumer about product quality and services. A study conducted by Fitch, expects the
organized retail industry to continue to grow rapidly, especially through increased levels of penetration in larger
towns and metros and also as it begins to spread to smaller cities and B class towns. Fuelling this growth is the
growth in development of the retail-specific properties and malls.
III. FDI Policy With Regard To Retailing In India
It will be prudent to look into Press Note 4 of 2006 issued by DIPP and consolidated FDI Policy issued in
October 2010 which provide the sector specific guidelines for FDI with regard to the conduct of trading
activities.
a) FDI up to 100% for cash and carry wholesale trading and export trading allowed under the automatic
route.
b) FDI up to 51 % with prior Government approval (i.e. FIPB) for retail trade of „Single Brand‟ products,
subject to Press Note 3 (2006 Series).
c) FDI is not permitted in Multi Brand Retailing in India.
IV. Organised sector Vs unorganised sector
The features of a kirana and supermarket are quite different. The following pointers explain to an extent why
both the kirana and the supermarket are essential to the Indian scenario:
ď‚· Kirana stores are owned and operated on a small scale, usually in a space of 500sq.ft. or less. These places
are easily available within residential localities. However, for a supermarket to operate, a minimum of 2000
sq. ft. would be required, and usually, so much space would usually be found in commercial localities.
ď‚· Supermarkets have the benefit of economies of scale over kirana stores.
ď‚· Kirana stores are operated by the owners themselves and thus provide the benefit of low operational costs.
Supermarkets are capable of eliminating the wholesalers from the chain and can provide benefits of saved
margins.
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ď‚· Kirana stores target a much smaller market than supermarkets and thus, can be more responsive in terms of
their exclusive demands. Supermarkets often offer more variety to customers. Moreover, it is likely to
receive the newly launched products earlier than kirana stores.
ď‚· Kirana stores are likely to be in the immediate locality and thus have a better understanding of customer
preferences. Supermarkets often offer the best bargains, and experts from the company explain the usage
and care of a particular product to its potential buyers.
ď‚· Kirana stores are more likely to provide services like free home delivery. Supermarkets have big names
backing them; moreover they have stronger advertising, probably on national or state level. At the same
time, there have been instances of kiranas selling at prices higher than the MRP and tampering with the
quantity of loose products.
ď‚· Each of us knows our kirana store for a long time, probably from our birth or so. Thus, the customer-trust
ratio is very high. The billing is also very fast when compared to the supermarket.
V. Research Methodology
Identification of the Problem
With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in
the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail outlets
such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of
products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and
not in the retail sector. If government allow them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and
kirana stores will not be able to stand in the market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise
how the kirana stores can be saved from these big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save
these kirana stores because in a developing country like India where the income of an average man is low, such
types of small business can make them able to earn their living.
Objectives of the research
ď‚· To find out the problems being faced by the unorganised retail sector in India.
ď‚· To find out the solutions for the betterment and growth of unorganised retail sector.
ď‚· To find out ways to save kirana stores from the malls.
Sampling unit
Shopkeepers and consumers of different areas of Punjab have been selected for research.
Sampling technique
Convenient and random sampling has used for the purpose.
Sample size
A sample of 50 shops has been taken for the study.
Data collection
Data has been collected through primary and secondary sources.
Primary sources:-information has been collected through personal interview and observation method.
Secondary sources:-secondary sources like internet, magazines, and newspapers have been used.
Type of research
It is an analytical type of research which tries to find out the problems and at the same time provides solution for
it.
Research tools and techniques
Statistical tools like averages, percentages and factor analysis have been used to analyse the data.
Limitations of the research
ď‚· The study is confined to limited areas of Punjab only.
ď‚· Non serious and biased response of the respondents.
ď‚· Time and resource constraints.
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VI. Analysis
Figure1 shows the reasons why people go for the business ofs kirana stores.
50% says they adopt the business because of low investment. Low entry barriers and easy to manage was the
reason given by 10% shopkeepers. 30% of the people do the family run business
Figure 2 shows the profit margin of kirana stores.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
veryhigh
high
medium
low
verylow Series1
Series2
Series3
The above figure shows that the margins of kirana merchants are medium and even below average.
Figure 3 shows that no of kirana stores giving receipt after sales
It shows that most of the shopkeepers do not give receipt to customers
Figure 4 shows the no of kirana stores accepting Visa cards etc.
The above figure shows that only 10% of kirana shops accept mastercards, visa cards etc. This facility is hardly
provided by the shopkeepers.s
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Figure 4 shows the performance of social responsibility by shopkeepers.
Most of the kirana merchants performed their social responsibility in terms of giving donations to charitable
institutes and by planting saplings. But there are some who do not know the importance of performing social
responsibility.
Facilities provided by kirana stores No of stores providing the facility
Credit facility 40
Home delivery 10
Free gifts 10
After sales service 25
Table 1 shows the facilities being provided by kirana stores.
It shows that most of the kirana stores are running on the basis on credit system only. It is the strategic
advantage tool in the hands of shopkeepers. Only 50% of the shopkeepers give after sales service. There is very
less provision for free gifts and home delivery.
Factor affecting sales of kirana stores Highly
affected
medium No effect
Opening up of the malls 20 15 15
Government regulation 50 0 0
Rapid changes in prices 50 0 0
Recession 0 20 30
Fair price shops 25 10 15
Table 2 shows the factors affecting the sales level of kirana stores.
Above table shows that only 20 respondents out of 50 replied that malls have highly affected the sales of their
stores. Government regulation and changes in prices affect has 100% impact on the sales of kirana stores.
Recession has affected the kirana business to a low extent. 50% shopkeepers are affected by opening up of fair
price shops.
Problems of kirana merchants Always sometimes never
Non timely payments 40 10 0
Inventory 25 15 10
Few loan facilities 35 15 0
Lack of knowledge of market 25 12 13
Table 3 shows the problems faced by the kirana merchants
Above table explains that 40 out of 50 kirana merchants are suffering from the problem of non timely payments
of credit by customers. Inventory is also a major source of problem for 50% kirana merchants as the size of the
shops are small.
VII. Findings
ď‚· Although supermarkets posed a great challenge before Kirana stores still the unorganised sector rules in
India.
ď‚· Kirana store has its own merits and demerits but there are still other areas such as inventory management,
modern styles of doing business, visual merchandising, variety which needs to be improved.
ď‚· Shopping from malls have become a status symbol for youth in India. So their trend of shoping is slanting
towards shopping malls than kirana stores gradually.
ď‚· Emotional attachment with the customers is the strongest point lies in the favour of kirana stores which is a
competitive advantage over the malls.
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ď‚· Kirana stores suffer the most from the problems like huge changes in prices and low margines and low skill
level.
ď‚· Whereas it is a strong point in favour of kirana stores that it provides credit facility to its customer on the
other hand it is a weakest point also that there is no proper system set by the government for the recovery of
that credit which in terms puts the business in loss.
ď‚· It is a weakness on the part of Kirana stores that they rarely accept the mastercard or ATM. etc.
ď‚· Supermarkets and malls are also associated with the activities of corporate social responsibility but on the
other hand there a few shopkeepers who perform their social responsibility
ď‚· The facilities like Home delivery, free gifts, special discounts are rarely given by the shopkeepers.
ď‚· It has been found a general behaviour in the consumers that they think the products purchased from kirana
stores are not supposed to be original but they believe quality given in the malls.
ď‚· Government policy of fair price shops giving atta dal scheme has affected deeply the sales of the kirana
stores.
ď‚· The persons of low educational qualification can run a kirana store. But malls always preferred graduates
and under graduates. Shift in major retail trade to these big companies by 100% FDI will render small
traders and their employees unemployed.
VIII. Suggestions
ď‚· Kirana stores should start using modern methods of doing business. They should start taking the franchise
of famous brands to increase the variety in the shops.
ď‚· Visual merchandising can be an added advantage for the growth of kirana.
ď‚· Government should start some training programmes for kirana marchants and provide them with the low
rate loan facilities.
ď‚· Social responsibility should be performed by the shopkeepers to create a goodwill of their business.
ď‚· They should sale only the original material to create faith in the customers.
ď‚· They should start giving the facilities of free offer discount etc on special occasions or on bulk purchasing.
ď‚· Use a suggestion box and customer want slips.
ď‚· Extend the store hours.
ď‚· Accept Visa, Mastercard etc.
ď‚· Analyze complaints and take action to prevent recurrence.
ď‚· Train employees to service and work with customers in a professional manner.
ď‚· Call customers to let them know when new items have arrived.
ď‚· Have lots of convenient parking for customers to use.
ď‚· Set up an inventory control system in regards to shrinkage, performance, amount of merchandise, mark-up,
profit and turnover.
ď‚· Determine whether to price certain items below, at, or above the market.
ď‚· Government should make a policy that nobody can open a mall in the area where there are already more
than 5 shops in area nearby. Or it should establish certain zones within which the malls can operate. Malls
should be established outside the city.
ď‚· Foreign investment should come with alliances to these shopkeepers.
ď‚· There should be consolidation policy for the shopkeepers. It means instead of opening small shops, in a
particular area shopkeepers must unite and open up big showroom and divide the profit according to the
partnership.
IX. Conclusion
The Indian Retail sector operates in a unique and complex environment. Indian economy cannot deny
the positive effects of FDI and self owned business for growth. It should take lesson from the recent global
slowdown and should not forget the role of retail sector to save India from its drastic effects. The need of the
hour is to reengineer the operations of Kirana stores otherwise the big giants will leave no space for them to
grow. If the Kirana stores improve their functioning and the area of operation be specified by the government
then there will be win-win situation for both the parties.
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