Raheem Sultan, a class 10 student, submitted a project on sustainable development to his social science teacher. The 3-page project covered key topics like the meaning and evolution of sustainable development, its three pillars of economic development, social development, and environmental protection. It discussed India's needs and goals in sustainable development, and steps taken by the Indian government like the Paris Agreement and initiatives on climate change. The teacher evaluated the project positively based on its content, presentation, and the student's understanding during a viva voce.

1. PROJECT WORK
ON
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Topic: Sustainable Development
2019-20
Submitted by
RAHEEM SULTHAN
CLASS:X D
Submitted to
(Teacher’s Name)
Teacher in Social science
**************************************************
Sanjay Ghodawat International School,Atigre -
Kolhapur

2. Acknowledgement
The project on “Sustainable Development” has been presented as per the
guidelines of CBSE. It covers all the important aspects related to Sustainable
Development.
I have devoted a lot of efforts for this project. But it will not be successful without
the kind support and help of many individuals. So I would like to extend my
thankfulness to all of them.
I would like to thank my parents as they provided me with all the necessary
materials needed for the project and friends for their cooperation and
encouragement which helped me in the completion of this project.
I would like to express my gratitude and thank to my Social Science teacher Mr.
__________________ who gave me the brilliant chance to research on this
wonderful project which helped me to think about numerous new things.
I also thank all the members who always boosted my moral and encouraged me
during the suggestion period of this project.
It is hoped that this project work will fulfill the expectations of CBSE and provide
me guidance for my further improvement.
Signature of the Student
Full Name

3. Preface
This project work is a modest explanatory attempt to present an integrated
analysis of the role of “Sustainable Development” in the present scenario.
All the goals of sustainable development adopted unanimously by United Nation
member states in September 2015 to address major global problems such as global
warming, growing inequalities ,poverty, gender discrimination, violence and
conflicts, global economic crisis, epidemics , ozone layer depletion etc.
The study also includes introduction, meaning, evolution, needs and
importance, The pillars of Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development
and India, Goals and approaches, Steps taken by the government of India,
Outcomes of Sustainable Development.
We have utilized various publications and reports of the government in the
project. Discussions with different people at the various levels have helped us
immensely in knowing the actual position of the concerned issue and in arriving at
the conclusion.
Initial by the teacher Student’s Name

4. INDEX
SL
NO
TOPICS PAGE
1 Acknowledgement
2 Preface
3 Introduction
4 What is Sustainable Development?
5 Evolution of Sustainable Development concept
6 Need and Importance of Sustainable Development
7 The pillars of Sustainable Development
8 Sustainable Development and India
9 Goals and approaches of Sustainable Development
10 Steps taken by government of India
11 Outcomes of Sustainable Development
12 Conclusion
13 Bibliography
14 Teacher’s Report

5. Introduction
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development
has continued to evolve as that of protecting the world’s resources while its true agenda is to
control the world’s resources. So Environmentally sustainable economic growth refers to
economic development that meets the needs of all without leaving future generations with fewer
natural resources than those we enjoy today.
What is sustainable development?
The term Sustainable Development first came to prominence in the world conservation strategy
in 1980.
It achieved a new status with the publication of two significant reports by Brundtland on North
and South. in 1985.Our Common Future and has gained even greater attention since the United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janerio in June
1992.
“Sustainable Development means that meets the needs of the present generations without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
The aim of sustainable development is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs,
allowing prosperity for now and future generations. Sustainable development consists of a long-
term, integrated approach to developing and achieving a healthy community by jointly
addressing economic, environmental, and social issues, whilst avoiding the over consumption of
key natural resources.
Evolution of Sustainable Development concept
Sustainable development emerged as a concept in the early sixties when the ruthless
industrialization in the developed countries started showing visible signs of natural degradation
and problems of pollution and ill health. Sustainable development became a wholesome word
after the Brundtland Commission Report of 1987. It has three fundamental principles of inter-
generational equity and justice, intra-generational equity and justice and that of the respect for
the carrying capacity of land. Since the definition given by the report fails to define the processes
underlying the complexities and contradictions within which international decisions are taken,
the industrialized and the less-industrialized countries have defined the term to suit their own
requirements.
Need and Importance of Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The essence of this form
of development is a stable relationship between human activities and the natural world, which
does not diminish the prospects for future generations to enjoy a quality of life at least as good as
our own.
The aim of sustainable development is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs,
allowing prosperity for now and future generations. Sustainable development consists of a long-
term, integrated approach to developing and achieving a healthy community by jointly
addressing economic, environmental, and social issues, whilst avoiding the over consumption of
key natural resources. Sustainable development encourages us to conserve and enhance our
resource base, by gradually changing the ways in which we develop and use technologies.
Countries must be allowed to meet their basic needs of employment, food, energy, water and
sanitation. These include social progress and equality, environmental protection, conservation of

6. natural resources and stable economic growth. Everybody has the right to a healthy, clean and
safe environment. Everybody has the right to a healthy, clean and safe environment.
The world’s governments have agreed on an ambitious agenda to transform our world by 2030,
adopting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that aim to ensure no one is left behind,
and everyone benefits from development efforts. Agenda 2030 is unprecedented in scope and
significance.
The SDGs are multi-dimensional and interconnected, and the scale of the challenge at hand is
vast. Realising these 17 goals will require deep commitment, trillions of dollars in investment,
and innovative ideas and approaches. It will also require institutions and individuals to bring
together the very best they have to offer in order to achieve this shared vision of prosperity for all
The Three Pillars of Sustainability
In 2005, the World Summit on Social Development identified three core areas that contribute to
the philosophy and social science of sustainable development. These “pillars” in many national
standards and certification schemes, form the backbone of tackling the core areas that the world
now faces.
1. Economic Development
This is the issue that proves the most problematic as most people disagree on political ideology
what is and is not economically sound, and how it will affect businesses and by extension, jobs
and employability. It is also about providing incentives for businesses and other organisations to
adhere to sustainability guidelines beyond their normal legislative requirements.
Social Development
There are many facets to this pillar. Most importantly is awareness of and legislation protection
of the health of people from pollution and other harmful activities of business and other
organisations. It is also about maintaining access to basic resources without compromising the
quality of life. The biggest hot topic for many people right now is sustainable housing and how
we can better build the homes we live in from sustainable material. The final element is
education - encouraging people to participate in environmental sustainability and teaching them
about the effects of environmental protection as well as warning of the dangers if we cannot
achieve our goals.
Environmental Protection
We all know what we need to do to protect the environment, whether that is recycling, reducing
our power consumption by switching electronic devices off rather than using standby, by
walking short journeys instead of taking the bus. Businesses are regulated to prevent pollution
and to keep their own carbon emissions low. There are incentives to installing renewable power
sources in our homes and businesses. Environmental protection is the third pillar and to many,
the primary concern of the future of humanity. It defines how we should study and protect
ecosystems, air quality, integrity and sustainability of our resources and focusing on the elements
that place stress on the environment.
Sustainable Development and India
From India's point of view, Sustainable Development Goals need to bring together development
and environment into a single set of targets. The fault line, as ever in global conferences, is the
inappropriate balance between environment and development…we could also view the SDGs
and the post 2015 agenda as an opportunity for revisiting and fine-tuning the MDG framework
and sustainably regaining focus on developmental issues.”
Need of Sustainable Development in India

7. This admission is of course an understatement. All available indicators point to the ecological situation
being nothing short of disastrous. Natural ecosystems are under stress and decline across most of the
country; some 10 per cent of the country’s wildlife is threatened with extinction; agricultural
biodiversity has declined by over 90 per cent in many regions; well over half the available water bodies
are polluted beyond drinking and often beyond even agricultural use; two-thirds of the land is degraded
to various levels of sub-optimal productivity; air pollution in several cities is amongst the world’s worst;
‘modern’ wastes including electronic and chemical are bring produced at rates far exceeding our
capacity to recycle or manage. A 2008 report by the Global Footprint Network and Confederation of
Indian Industries suggests that India has the world’s third biggest ecological footprint, that its resource
use is already twice of its bio-capacity, and that this bio-capacity itself has declined by half in the last
few decades.
Goals and approaches of Sustainable Development
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable
agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all
9. Reduce inequality within and among countries
10. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
11. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
12. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
13. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable
development
Step Taken by Indian Government
1. Ratifying Paris Agreement
The 21st Conference of Parties (COP 21) under the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) successfully concluded in Paris after intense negotiations by
the Parties followed by the adoption of the Paris Agreement on post-2020 actions on climate
change. This universal agreement will succeed the Kyoto Protocol
2.The Clean Development Mechanism projects in India
As on 4 January 2016, 1593 out of a total of 7685 projects registered by the CDM executive
board are from India, which so far is the second highest in the world with China taking the
lead with 3764 projects registered. Indian projects are in the energy efficiency, fuel
switching, industrial processes, municipal solid waste, renewable energy and forestry sectors
and are spread across the country.
3. State Action Plans on Climate Change:
The State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCC) aim to create institutional capacities
and implement sectoral activities to address climate change. These plans are focused on

8. adaptation with mitigation as co-benefit in sectors such as water, agriculture, tourism,
forestry, transport, habitat and energy.
4. Coal Cess and the National Clean Energy Fund
India is one of the few countries around the world to have a carbon tax in the form of a cess
on coal. Not only has India imposed such a cess but it has also been progressively increasing
it.
5. National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change
A National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC) has been established with a
budget provision of I350 crore for the year 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. It is meant to assist in
meeting the cost of national- and state-level adaptation measures in areas that are particularly
vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.
Conclusion.
Economic development achieved so far has adopted various techniques which have
proved harmful for the environment in which we reside in. ... The crying need is for
sustainable development which aims at development which does not have a negative
impact on the environment. At the core of idea of sustainability is the matter of meeting
people’s needs for home, job etc. If we don’t take care of the environment in which we live
now, we won’t have anything to leave behind us for future generations.

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.NCERT Geography text book of class X
2. NCERT Economics text book of class XI
3. Text book of National Open School
4. Green magazine journals
5. Times of India and the Hindu- News Papers
6. Manorama Year Book 2019
7. India Today Special edition “Global Crisis”
8.The Week Magazine
9. Web. sites:-
a.www.wasd.org.uk
b.www.unesco.org
c.www.iucn.org
d.www.usda.gov/oce/sustainable/index.htm
e.www.oecd.org/topic
f.www.un.org/esa/dsd/index.shtml
g.www.iisd.org/sd/
h.www. learningforsustainability.net/susdev
**************

10. PROJECT EVALUATION PROFORMA
Name of the School_________________________________________________
School Address___________________________________________________
Name of the Student________________________________________________
Roll No_______________ Class________________Section_________________
Teacher Assessment
Sl
No
Aspects Marks Marks secured
1
Content accuracy and originality and analysis
2
2
Presentation and creativity
2
3
Viva –voce or written test for content assimilation
1
4 Total marks 5
Overall remarks___________________________________________________
Teacher’s Signature_________________________________________________
Date___________________ School Stamp
Digital Rights Management