Professional driving is a very demanding task. According to the recent scientific evidence, Bus drivers tend to
report high levels of occupational stress, burnout and occupational traffic accidents. Health has always been
closely linked with occupation. Occupation related stress among working people is drastically increasing
worldwide. Stress at work place has become an integral part of everyday life and is referred as ‘worldwide
epidemic’ by the World Health Organization. This would have impact on the body and discomfort reflected in
various parts of the body bringing about certain health problems. This study is an attempt to analyze the various
factors that lead to stress among bus drivers and to examine the prevalence of health problems.
Stress is a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psycho social and/or behavioral response due to various factor that have to managed so that it may not lead into fatal psychiatric conditions
Stress is a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psycho social and/or behavioral response due to various factor that have to managed so that it may not lead into fatal psychiatric conditions
Stress is inevitable in today’s complex life. Right from the time of birth till death, an individual is regularly exposed to various stressful situations. The threat of political and economic imbalances and uncertainties, unemployment, poverty, urbanization and increased socio- economic complexities and
innumerable other factors contribute to stress. In fact modern times have been called the “age of anxiety and stress” (Coleman, 1976). Stress has been experienced since time immemorial, but its toll is higher than ever before. Stress is growing problem because of increase in working hours, deadlines, conflicting demands and increase accountability. The present paper makes an attempt to discuss stress
and its solution with reference to pertinent literature.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FIT FOR IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON PERFORMANCE AND SAT...IAEME Publication
The principle motivation behind this investigation is to investigate the impact of occupation weight on employment execution among the workers in the vehicle association. In addition, the exploration intends to find the pressure factors, for example, mental pressure and physical pressure. As recognized in other observational research, work pressure is affected by a few variables, remarkably job pressure. The job equivocalness, job strife and job over-burden, have the most impeding effects on the employees organizational stress in the work place. There has likewise been research demonstrating that workers in the official level are faced with emotional pressure in the enterprise. Thus, on analyzing the intensity of this stress factors, it has been chosen that activity stress, ought to be investigated to determine its effect on the employees execution. Subsequently this empirical study is expected to investigate the impact of Occupational stress on execution of work among the employees working in transportation enterprise, where Private Sector Banks in Thanjavur District is one kind of it in Tamil Nadu. It is trusted that the investigation will add to growing exploration on Occupational stress and furnish analysts and implementers with a chance to vigilance the impact of employment productivity on the performance and efficiency of the employees.
Impact of stress antecedents on work stress and employees performanceinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Promoting occupational stress management for a small office (final)Katrina Brown
The prevalence of stress throughout human civilization is a developing concern. Many are admittedly over-stressed in the workplace and studies have shown that stressful work environments lead to employee health problems and negative attitudes.Through my examination, I learned how to design a customized stress management program for employees by using an assessment of environmental stressors, health behavior limitations, and business culture.
A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES WITH REFERENCE TO IT COMPA...IAEME Publication
Stress has become significant due to dynamic social factor and changing needs of life styles. Stress is man‘s adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioral changes. Even though stress kills brain cells, not all stresses are destructive in nature. Appropriate amount of stress can actually trigger passion for work, tap latent abilities and even ignite inspirations. The study throws light on the wide spread silent problem by name Stress‘, which gave rise to acute dysfunctions and are called many diseases, increase divorce rates, and other harassments. The work stress is found in all professions. IT professionals are very stress because they are highly target driven and highly pressured on results.
A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES ATTITUDE TOWARDS VARIOUS LEVELS OF STRESSORSIAEME Publication
Stress is a person’s perception of an event, a perceived difference between the demands placed upon a person and his or her ability to handle it or previous experience in coping with it. Every job creates a certain amount of pressure and sometimes it is this pressure that motivates us does a job well. Stress in our body’s reaction to excessive pressure. Stress is also explained as an adaptive response, moderated by individual differences, this a consequences of any action, situation, or a force that places special physical demands, psychological demands or both on the individual stressors are explained as any demands or the Jack of them on the mind or body. This study aimed to ascertain the level of stresses of tea estates employees in the Chithirapuram at Kerla. The data as collected through a structured interview schedule from 300 respondents by using the convenience random sampling method.
Occupational Stress at Workplace: Study of the Corporate Sector in Indiaiosrjce
The main focus of this study is to identify the level of frequency of the job stressors for corporate
individuals surveyed and trace out the distressing factor that affects most individuals. The paper also throws
light onto the areas explored where changes can be made by the employees, managers, and the Human
Resources (HR) department so as to reduce the stress factors by making a change. The emphasis was mainly on
the corporate sector of India to assess the degree to which indicators of job stress at workplace (Work timings
stretched, Inadequate break times, Repeated heavy workload, Unfair distribution of work, Monotony at work,
Deadline Pressures, under utilization of skills and working relationships) influences Indian native’s mental and
emotional well being. The data was collected by surveying employees of various Corporate through a
structured questionnaire. The sample size was 62. Both primary and secondary sources of data were extensively
used for analyzing this study. 87% of the respondents felt stressed due to work related issues, 79% felt flexible
working hours relieves tension
A STUDY ON JOB STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCEIAEME Publication
The employees in the organization are under a great deal of stress and due to many antecedents of stress such as overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, responsibility for people, participation, lack of feedback, keeping up with rapid technological change. Outcomes of this among the employees are stress on job performance. The physical and psychology demands of workers in the organization make them more vulnerable to high level of stress. This study investigated and evaluated the job stress and its effect on job performance among the employees in the organization.
Managing Stress at Workplace A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Indust...ijtsrd
This study attempts to understand various stress factors at workplace, consequences and various techniques to overcome stress in Industries. Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. Stress in limited quantity is beneficial to organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as well as goals of organization. But stress in excess quantity can cause harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. The present study has included two segments Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. . These organisations have further been grouped into one pairs Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries based on certain Similarities in the factors that cause negative stress. Though these organization negative stress creating factors like the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. They possess different categories of employees, working at various hierarchy levels. They use different methods and techniques in order to complete their varying job tasks. The factors like career advancement, relationship to work place, organization structure or design, leadership styles and organizational culture have similarities to create stress at workplace. Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia "Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52249.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52249/managing-stress-at-workplace-a-study-on-automobile-and-pharmaceuticals-industries/dr-kamaljeet-kaur-bhatia
Anti-Smog Radar Application for VehiclesIJMREMJournal
Smog is regarded as a dangerous situation for vehicles as the visibility of human fails and a person cannot
drive smoothly and safely which can lead to severe accidents and routine disturbances. Hence, “Anti-Smog
Radar Application for Vehicles” is proposed using Internet of Things technology which ensures the smooth flow
of vehicles in smog and prevents accidents in time and cost-efficient manner by detecting and displaying the
front objects with their important information (distance, position, velocity and size) on smart phone used by
authenticated drivers. The radar application controls the hardware system to be deployed on vehicles through
which the user can start, stop and set the hardware in particular direction. The hardware contains NodeMcu
(Microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi), Ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. The servo is used to detect the
position of front objects and ultrasonic sensor is clipped on servo to detect the objects. For alerts, the objects
are drawn with different colors on application i.e. the red colored objects will be near to the vehicle, the yellow
colored objects will be at some distance from the vehicle and the green colored objects will be far from the
vehicle. Kalman algorithm is used to filter the ultrasonic readings to eliminate the noise. The proposed system
can work in every condition i.e. in day and night.
IoT based Environmental Monitoring and Control SystemIJMREMJournal
IoT plays a major role in collecting the information from the sensing unit enclosing our environment due to
alterations in the climate which led to the significance of environmental monitoring. This Paper presents a
development of real time environmental monitoring and control system by utilizing Node MCU, DHT11 sensor,
ACS712 current sensor, Thing Speak (Open IoT analytics service) and Blynk application. The main task of
monitoring parameters (Humidity, temperature and power consumption) with real time sensors is done by Thing
Speak continuously which has API (Application programming Interface) for gathering sensed data and enabling
users to observe the monitored data in graphs for an interval of every 15 seconds.
This project is also designed to control home devices sitting at any place in the world by utilizing power
efficiently through Blynk application which is used to read data from sensors located in home environment using
smart phone and to turn on/off heating and cooling appliances automatically with respect to room temperature
values.
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Stress is inevitable in today’s complex life. Right from the time of birth till death, an individual is regularly exposed to various stressful situations. The threat of political and economic imbalances and uncertainties, unemployment, poverty, urbanization and increased socio- economic complexities and
innumerable other factors contribute to stress. In fact modern times have been called the “age of anxiety and stress” (Coleman, 1976). Stress has been experienced since time immemorial, but its toll is higher than ever before. Stress is growing problem because of increase in working hours, deadlines, conflicting demands and increase accountability. The present paper makes an attempt to discuss stress
and its solution with reference to pertinent literature.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FIT FOR IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON PERFORMANCE AND SAT...IAEME Publication
The principle motivation behind this investigation is to investigate the impact of occupation weight on employment execution among the workers in the vehicle association. In addition, the exploration intends to find the pressure factors, for example, mental pressure and physical pressure. As recognized in other observational research, work pressure is affected by a few variables, remarkably job pressure. The job equivocalness, job strife and job over-burden, have the most impeding effects on the employees organizational stress in the work place. There has likewise been research demonstrating that workers in the official level are faced with emotional pressure in the enterprise. Thus, on analyzing the intensity of this stress factors, it has been chosen that activity stress, ought to be investigated to determine its effect on the employees execution. Subsequently this empirical study is expected to investigate the impact of Occupational stress on execution of work among the employees working in transportation enterprise, where Private Sector Banks in Thanjavur District is one kind of it in Tamil Nadu. It is trusted that the investigation will add to growing exploration on Occupational stress and furnish analysts and implementers with a chance to vigilance the impact of employment productivity on the performance and efficiency of the employees.
Impact of stress antecedents on work stress and employees performanceinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Promoting occupational stress management for a small office (final)Katrina Brown
The prevalence of stress throughout human civilization is a developing concern. Many are admittedly over-stressed in the workplace and studies have shown that stressful work environments lead to employee health problems and negative attitudes.Through my examination, I learned how to design a customized stress management program for employees by using an assessment of environmental stressors, health behavior limitations, and business culture.
A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES WITH REFERENCE TO IT COMPA...IAEME Publication
Stress has become significant due to dynamic social factor and changing needs of life styles. Stress is man‘s adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioral changes. Even though stress kills brain cells, not all stresses are destructive in nature. Appropriate amount of stress can actually trigger passion for work, tap latent abilities and even ignite inspirations. The study throws light on the wide spread silent problem by name Stress‘, which gave rise to acute dysfunctions and are called many diseases, increase divorce rates, and other harassments. The work stress is found in all professions. IT professionals are very stress because they are highly target driven and highly pressured on results.
A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES ATTITUDE TOWARDS VARIOUS LEVELS OF STRESSORSIAEME Publication
Stress is a person’s perception of an event, a perceived difference between the demands placed upon a person and his or her ability to handle it or previous experience in coping with it. Every job creates a certain amount of pressure and sometimes it is this pressure that motivates us does a job well. Stress in our body’s reaction to excessive pressure. Stress is also explained as an adaptive response, moderated by individual differences, this a consequences of any action, situation, or a force that places special physical demands, psychological demands or both on the individual stressors are explained as any demands or the Jack of them on the mind or body. This study aimed to ascertain the level of stresses of tea estates employees in the Chithirapuram at Kerla. The data as collected through a structured interview schedule from 300 respondents by using the convenience random sampling method.
Occupational Stress at Workplace: Study of the Corporate Sector in Indiaiosrjce
The main focus of this study is to identify the level of frequency of the job stressors for corporate
individuals surveyed and trace out the distressing factor that affects most individuals. The paper also throws
light onto the areas explored where changes can be made by the employees, managers, and the Human
Resources (HR) department so as to reduce the stress factors by making a change. The emphasis was mainly on
the corporate sector of India to assess the degree to which indicators of job stress at workplace (Work timings
stretched, Inadequate break times, Repeated heavy workload, Unfair distribution of work, Monotony at work,
Deadline Pressures, under utilization of skills and working relationships) influences Indian native’s mental and
emotional well being. The data was collected by surveying employees of various Corporate through a
structured questionnaire. The sample size was 62. Both primary and secondary sources of data were extensively
used for analyzing this study. 87% of the respondents felt stressed due to work related issues, 79% felt flexible
working hours relieves tension
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The employees in the organization are under a great deal of stress and due to many antecedents of stress such as overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, responsibility for people, participation, lack of feedback, keeping up with rapid technological change. Outcomes of this among the employees are stress on job performance. The physical and psychology demands of workers in the organization make them more vulnerable to high level of stress. This study investigated and evaluated the job stress and its effect on job performance among the employees in the organization.
Managing Stress at Workplace A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Indust...ijtsrd
This study attempts to understand various stress factors at workplace, consequences and various techniques to overcome stress in Industries. Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. Stress in limited quantity is beneficial to organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as well as goals of organization. But stress in excess quantity can cause harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. The present study has included two segments Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. . These organisations have further been grouped into one pairs Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries based on certain Similarities in the factors that cause negative stress. Though these organization negative stress creating factors like the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. They possess different categories of employees, working at various hierarchy levels. They use different methods and techniques in order to complete their varying job tasks. The factors like career advancement, relationship to work place, organization structure or design, leadership styles and organizational culture have similarities to create stress at workplace. Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia "Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52249.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52249/managing-stress-at-workplace-a-study-on-automobile-and-pharmaceuticals-industries/dr-kamaljeet-kaur-bhatia
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Smog is regarded as a dangerous situation for vehicles as the visibility of human fails and a person cannot
drive smoothly and safely which can lead to severe accidents and routine disturbances. Hence, “Anti-Smog
Radar Application for Vehicles” is proposed using Internet of Things technology which ensures the smooth flow
of vehicles in smog and prevents accidents in time and cost-efficient manner by detecting and displaying the
front objects with their important information (distance, position, velocity and size) on smart phone used by
authenticated drivers. The radar application controls the hardware system to be deployed on vehicles through
which the user can start, stop and set the hardware in particular direction. The hardware contains NodeMcu
(Microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi), Ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. The servo is used to detect the
position of front objects and ultrasonic sensor is clipped on servo to detect the objects. For alerts, the objects
are drawn with different colors on application i.e. the red colored objects will be near to the vehicle, the yellow
colored objects will be at some distance from the vehicle and the green colored objects will be far from the
vehicle. Kalman algorithm is used to filter the ultrasonic readings to eliminate the noise. The proposed system
can work in every condition i.e. in day and night.
IoT based Environmental Monitoring and Control SystemIJMREMJournal
IoT plays a major role in collecting the information from the sensing unit enclosing our environment due to
alterations in the climate which led to the significance of environmental monitoring. This Paper presents a
development of real time environmental monitoring and control system by utilizing Node MCU, DHT11 sensor,
ACS712 current sensor, Thing Speak (Open IoT analytics service) and Blynk application. The main task of
monitoring parameters (Humidity, temperature and power consumption) with real time sensors is done by Thing
Speak continuously which has API (Application programming Interface) for gathering sensed data and enabling
users to observe the monitored data in graphs for an interval of every 15 seconds.
This project is also designed to control home devices sitting at any place in the world by utilizing power
efficiently through Blynk application which is used to read data from sensors located in home environment using
smart phone and to turn on/off heating and cooling appliances automatically with respect to room temperature
values.
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Significant infrastructure such as roads, prisons, schools, rail tracks and train systems, among others are currently developed through the involvement of Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangements which have been acknowledged internationally in recent time. The poor management of end-user stakeholder during PPP projects in developing nation like Nigeria has been established as one of the major factor affecting the successful growth and development of PPP projects. Due to the paucity in research on end-user stakeholder management on PPP projects in Nigeria, informs this study aim to expose the main strategic factors that can accommodate end-user stakeholder’s management in any PPP road project in Nigeria. The professionals that have worked on the project cum the end-user of the project area were used as targeted respondents for the adopted case study and survey strategies method approach. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the eighteen (18) interviews that were conducted having completed and analysed total number of 282 questionnaires using reliability and factor analysis approach. Seven valid underlying factors were revealed from 28 variables that were left on the questionnaire data with the aid of factor analysis which were used later as factors affecting end-user stakeholders’ management in PPP road project in Nigeria. A proposed framework was created with the seven underlying factors as a template for any successful PPP road project in developing country like Nigeria. These will quench the agitation of enduser stakeholders’ quarrels on PPP toll road projects
Fresh and Hardened Properties of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Made Co...IJMREMJournal
This research work was carried out on concrete specimens made with different proportion of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as a cement substitution in concrete. To accomplish the goal of the research work, overall 75 cubes and 60 cylinders were made. Out of 75 cubes and 60 cylinders, 15 cubes and 12 cylinders were cast for control concrete, and 60 cubes and 48 cylinders were cast by replacing 5,10,15 and 20% of cement with GGBFS. The cubes and cylinder specimens were 100x100x100 mm and 100x200 mm respectively, and mix design was done for 28 Mpa. All specimens were tested at 3. 7, 28 and 90 days of curing ages. The fresh properties such as workability and hardened properties such as compressive and tensile strength of all mixes were determined. Tests results showed that the workability of the concrete mixes made with GGBFS was higher than control mix. As the percentage of GGBFS increased the workability also increased. Hardened properties of concrete mixes made with GGBFS was lower than control concrete at early ages of curing. At the later age, hardened properties of GGBFS made concrete was more than control concrete. Furthermore, water absorption and density of GGBFS made concrete was lower than control concrete.
Design and Evaluation of Open Graded Hot Mix Asphalt Using Cement as A Grout...IJMREMJournal
Road networks ought to be efficiently designed to be safe, speedy and loading sustaining as it has a significant importance in country’s development. For that, pavement should be designed efficiently to exhibit better strength, durability and economical at the same time. Generally, a pavement is classified as Flexible or Rigid. Flexible pavement is opened early to traffic, has good riding quality and ease of maintenance but owing to heavy loading conditions these pavements are more susceptible to wear and tear. On the contrary rigid pavement is load sustaining, durable but having higher construction cost and poor riding quality. World is heading to semirigid pavement which exhibits characteristics of both these pavements. It is the combination of cement concrete and porous asphalt concrete which is achieved by leaving 25% to 30% air voids infused by cement grouts and is known as Semi-rigid pavement.In this research, semi-rigid pavement was designed using ratio of grout of optimum mix was 1:0.55 at water cement ratio by 2% of cement dosage with SP. Study concludes that, Semirigid pavement’s Marshall stability of 7 days was almost 85% of rigid pavement and 28 days compressive strength of semi-rigid pavement was almost 30.5% that of rigid pavement. Besides, it has been ensured that 7 days strength is comparable to 28 days strength of Semi-rigid pavement.
Design of Cold Recycled Emulsified Asphalt Mixtures Using Portland Cement as ...IJMREMJournal
Cold Recycling is getting popularity in research sector and construction industries because it overcomes all the issues of Hot Mix Asphalt of more consumption of natural resources, high production energy, central plant recycling, effect of greenhouse gases and non-feasibility in colder regions. In this research study, a cold recycled mixture is designed and compared in terms of mechanical and volumetric properties with control hot mix asphalt mixture, using 60% RAP (reclaimed asphalt pavement) aggregates and 40 % virgin aggregates to fulfill gradation requirements. Asphalt emulsion for cold recycled mixtures is used as a binder with varying five contents (4.3%, 4.8%, 5.3%, 5.8% and 6.3%). Also, a modified cold recycled mixture is prepared at optimum emulsion content of control cold recycled mixture by partially replacing conventional aggregate mineral filler with three different contents of Portland cement (2%, 3% and 4%) of total dry mass of aggregates. Marshall mix design procedure was adopted to calculate the optimum (bitumen, emulsion and filler content) for control hot mix asphalt, control cold recycled mixture and modified cold recycled mixtures respectively. Mechanical properties of each of these mixtures were compared with each other and it was found that modified cold recycled mixtures were better than controlled cold recycled mixture and comparable in properties to hot mix asphalt mixtures and Optimum filler content of Portland cement for modified cold recycled mixture was found to be at 4%.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Cooling Tower with Air to Air Heat Exchanger for Re...IJMREMJournal
In this paper a thermodynamic analysis of cooling tower with air-to-air heat exchanger is presented. During manual operation of conventional cooling tower, a good quantity of water is evaporated which requires equivalent amount of makeup water for their condensers. So, in this regard, the thermodynamic model of a cooling with an air to air heat exchanger is developed using engineering equation solver (EES) software and then simulated in different climatic conditions of two major cities of Pakistan namely Karachi and Jamshoro through the period of June & December 2017. The results show a significant variation in water vapor recovery with respect to atmospheric conditions mainly humidity and ambient air temperature. Results reveal that the when a cooling tower coupled with air to air heat exchanger maximum amount of water vapors are recovered at Karachi and ranges up to 67% and 62% in Jamshoro during the month of December.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
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COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
1. International Journal of Modern Research in Engineering & Management (IJMREM)
||Volume|| 1||Issue|| 5 ||Pages|| 33-40 || May 2018|| ISSN: 2581-4540
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 33
A Study on Occupational Stress Among Bus Drivers
1,
Dr. Ashok.J, 2,
Harshini.E
1,
Professor & Director, School of Management Studies, Bannari Amman Institute of
Technology, Sathya Mangalam, India.
2,
Student, School of Management Studies, Bannari Amman Institute of
Technology, Sathya Mangalam, India.
-------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------
Professional driving is a very demanding task. According to the recent scientific evidence, Bus drivers tend to
report high levels of occupational stress, burnout and occupational traffic accidents. Health has always been
closely linked with occupation. Occupation related stress among working people is drastically increasing
worldwide. Stress at work place has become an integral part of everyday life and is referred as ‘worldwide
epidemic’ by the World Health Organization. This would have impact on the body and discomfort reflected in
various parts of the body bringing about certain health problems. This study is an attempt to analyze the various
factors that lead to stress among bus drivers and to examine the prevalence of health problems.
KEYWORDS: Health, Stress, occupation, health problems.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: Date, 17 May 2018 Date of Accepted: 22 May 2018
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
According to Van Wyk, stress is derived from the Latin word ―strictus‖ that translates into taut, meaning stiffly
strung (Olivier and Venter 2003). Stress can be defined in general term as people feel pressures in their own life.
The stress due to work load can be defined as reluctance to come to work and a feeling of constant pressure
associated with general physiological, psychological and behavioral stress symptoms. Hence stress is the harmful
physical and emotional responses that occurs when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities,
resources, or needs the worker and he/she expressed that job stress can lead to poor health and even injury. Stress
is increasing due to globalization and economic crisis, which affects all professions, and as well as families and
societies, almost all countries of the world (Bharati and Newman 1978).
Stress is our body ‘s physical and emotional reaction that frightens, irritate, confuse, endanger, or excite us and
place demands on the body. Stress can be caused by events that are pleasing as well as events that create crisis in
our lives. But stress is a normal part of daily life and the effects of stress are not always negative. In small
quantities, stress is good; it can motivate us and help us to become more productive, but too much stress or a
strong response to stress can be harmful. Stress can arise from any situation or thought that makes one feel
frustrated, angry, or anxious. Everyone sees situations differently and has different coping skills, so, no two
persons will respond exactly the same way to a particular situation. Situations that are considered stress provoking
are known as stressors. Many professionals suggest that there is a difference between what we perceive as positive
stress, and distress as negative stress. But we often use the term stress to describe negative situations. This leads
many people to believe that all stress is bad for us, which is not true actually (Stress and Stress Management
2010). Stress is often coined as a medical term or a psychological phenomenon because of its possibilities in
deteriorating the health condition of a person and the stimulus that triggers the fight or flight response respectively.
Modern time is the age of anxiety and stress which itself will be affected by number of stressors as concluded by
Coleman (1976).
Occupational stress in the workplace can make people dread walking in to the office every morning and then make
them worry about their jobs at night. It has become more globalized and has the tendency to affect all workers
irrespective of the job profile or category, the only difference being the intensity levels. Beehr and Newman (1978)
defined Stress as a situation which forces a person to deviate from its routine functioning due to change in
psychological or physiological condition. When staff is unhappy, they are less efficient, less effective and more
likely to squander work hours or ultimately quit. Stress affects not just morale, but a company's bottom line. The
main area of this study is occupational stress caused to an individual because of the corporate culture in today ‘s
time. As fascinating and alluring it may seem, this package comes with certain cons for most of the people.
Juggling between their work and life to strike that balance, meeting with the high demands of the market, giving
into the competition at workplace to prove their worth et al.
2. A Study on Occupational Stress Among…
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 34
With this and many more struggles which the corporate culture gives in return to what it offers, makes it impossible
to achieve the goal for a few. Stress is not always dreadful, as some people are derived to work much better with
certain amount of stress as it provides them motivation, creativity and mild feeling of euphoria but the concern
lies where too much stress or repeated stress can have negative physical, mental and emotional consequences on
a person ‘s mind and body. Striving to achieve a mark or a goal set is often in the mind of many but by putting
health at stake would mean deriving yourself backwards to accomplish that target as excessive stress can interfere
with the productivity and impact the physical and emotional health. Ability of an individual to deal with it can
mean the difference between success and failure for themselves. A person can ‘t control everything in their work
environment, but that doesn ‘t mean being powerless— even when stuck in a difficult situation. Finding ways to
manage workplace stress isn ‘t about making huge changes or rethinking career ambitions all the time. The bottom
line is, focus on the one thing that’s always within a person ‘s control: Themselves.
OBJECTIVES
➢ To evaluate stress among bus drivers.
➢ To assess the level of influence each factor has on the stress of bus drivers
➢ To understand the impact of working environment on human health.
➢ To examine the prevalence of health problems among bus drivers.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Bus drivers tend to drop dead shortly after they retire. The job of operating public transit vehicles is amongst the
most stressful and unhealthy of modern occupations. They are prone to many stressors and various health
problems. This study is an attempt to assess and report the major job stressors and severe health problems the bus
drivers face.
Review of Literature: Dr. S. Thirumaran& D. Baranitharan says that the transport plays a vital role in the
development of our country. Its main objective is to connect the urban and rural areas. Most of the students and
office goers are using the buses. India ‘s passenger transport for small and medium distances is bus oriented and
many other transport industries the safety of travelers and other road users is of prime importance. The main
objective of this paper is identified and analysis the factors influencing job stress among the transport employees.
Stress is our body's way of responding to any kind of demand. When people feel stressed by something going on
around them, their bodies react by releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people more energy
and strength which can be a good thing if their stress is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing
if their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no outlet for this extra energy and strength.
Stresses caused by sleepiness and physical work are known to be the issues among professional drivers as they
compromise it for safe and economic driving. The main factors contributing to driver sleepiness were night time
driving, insufficient sleep prior to shift, long shift duration and high perceived sleep need. A survey was conducted
among 50 professional bus drivers in the study area and quantitative data was developed.
Duffy, C. A., &McGoldrick, A. E ‗s study was carried out to identify potential sources of stress for bus drivers
working for the established operator in a major UK city, six months after the deregulation of bus transport. The
focus was to assess the mental health and job satisfaction of the drivers. An interview programmer was followed
by a questionnaire survey of 376 male bus drivers. Major problem areas related to health and home-related
concerns, problems intrinsic to the job, lack of involvement and support during the organizational changes
occurring and fears regarding physical assault. Existing problems had been intensified as a result of streamlining
and increased competition. The bus drivers were found to demonstrate lower levels of job satisfaction and
unfavorable scores on mental- health indices when compared to normative samples, which was associated with
their work- related stressors. The impact was significantly reduced for those men driving the newer minibuses in
contrast to the traditional 72-seater double-decker buses.
John, L. M., Flin, R., &Mearns, K’s review paper consolidates the key research on the occupational health of
urban bus drivers since the 1950s. Several electronic databases were searched and 27 key studies were identified,
which form the basis of this paper. Early findings that bus drivers are liable to suffer ill health as a result of the
job remain true today. The research has, however, demonstrated a greater understanding that specific stressors
result in certain physical (cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal problems, fatigue),
psychological (depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder) and behavioural outcomes (substance abuse).
Bus driver ill health will have consequences for organisational performance in terms of employee absence, labor
turnover and accidents.
3. A Study on Occupational Stress Among…
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 35
Stressors for bus drivers include poor cabin ergonomics, rotating shift patterns and inflexible running times. Over
the last few decades, the heightening of other work stressors such as traffic, and violence from passengers have
compounded the situation for bus drivers. Greater attention to salient moderating and mediating variables in the
stressor–strain relationship is featuring in more recent research. Despite such theoretical advances, the research
needs to also concentrate on practical interventions that are systematically implemented and evaluated, to improve
the well-being of bus drivers. By improving this ‗human side ‘of the role, it is expected that the efficiency of this
transport will be enhanced for bus drivers, operators and passengers alike.
House, J. S., &Jackman, M. F. Says that there has been a growing concern with health problems in the United
States, not the least of which is the burgeoning national expenditure on medical care. The failure of accelerating
expenditures in medical care to produce proportionate gains in life expectancy or other indicators of the quality
of health and life has called into question our society ‘s tendency to equate quality of health with quality of medical
care. Although improvements in the quality, cost-effectiveness, and distribution of medical care are important and
necessary, this equation of health with medical care results in vast amounts of money and energy being directed
toward increasingly complex institutions to care for the sick, often at the expense of preventive programs aimed
at maintaining the health of the nonstick.
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design: The current research is an exploratory research. Exploratory research, as the name implies,
intends merely to explore the research questions and does not intend to offer final and conclusive solutions to
existing problems. Conducted in order to determine the nature of the problem, exploratory research is not intended
to provide conclusive evidence, but helps us to have a better understanding of the problem. Exploratory research
design does not aim to provide the final and conclusive answers to the research questions, but merely explores the
research topic with varying levels of depth.
Sampling: The current sampling technique used in this study is probability sampling. It is sampling technique,
in which the subjects of the population get an equal opportunity to be selected as a representative sample.
Probability sampling represents a group of sampling techniques that help researchers to select units from a
population that they are interested in studying. Collectively, these units form the sample that the researcher studies.
A core characteristic of probability sampling techniques is that units are selected from the population at random
using probabilistic methods. This enables researchers to make statistical inferences (i.e., generalizations) from the
sample being studied to the population of interest. There are a number of theoretical and practical reasons for
using probability sampling: (a) making statistical inferences; (b) achieving a representative sample; (c)
minimizing sampling bias; (d) selecting units using probabilistic methods; and (e) meeting the criteria for
probability sampling.
Instruments and Measures: The survey instrument of the current study addresses two major purposes, first to
study the influences of various factors towards occupational stress of bus drivers, second to analyses the most
prevalent health disorders among the drivers. 16 factors were studied and 5-point Likert scale was used with 1
being strongly disagree and 5 being strongly agree. Eight different health disorders were identified and their
prevalence in the past and present were assessed using 3-point scale.
Procedure: The questionnaire was distributed to 154 respondents. They were asked to rate each factor in the
order of their influence and each health disorder in the order of their prevalence. After collecting the completed
questionnaire, these questionnaires were coded and entered into SPSS sheet for further analysis.
Tools of Analysis The primary data collected using the instrument – Questionnaire with 14 research questions
and a open ended feedback questions from 154 respondents. The data are coded in to MS excel and transformed
into the software package SPSS for statistical analysis. The following analysis were carried out
• Factor analysis
• Regression
• Friedman test
• Crosstabs
• Percentage analysis
4. A Study on Occupational Stress Among…
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IV. DATAANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Factor Analysis: Factor analysis is a useful tool for investigating variable relationships for complex concepts
such as socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, or psychological scales. It allows researchers to investigate
concepts that are not easily measured directly by collapsing a large number of variables into a few interpretable
underlying factors. The key concept of factor analysis is that multiple observed variables have similar patterns
of responses because they are all associated with a latent (i.e. not directly measured) variable. For example,
people may respond similarly to questions about income, education, and occupation, which are all associated
with the latent variable socioeconomic status. In every factor analysis, there are the same numbers of factors
as there are variables. Each factor captures a certain amount of the overall variance in the observed variables,
and the factors are always listed in order of how much variation they explain. The eigen value is a measure
of how much of the variance of the observed variables a factor explains. Any factor with an eigen value ≥1
explains more variance than a single observed variable. So, if the factor for socioeconomic status had an
eigen value of 2.3 it would explain as much variance as 2.3 of the three variables. This factor, which
captures most of the variance in those three variables, could then be used in other analyses. The factors that
explain the least amount of variance are generally discarded. Deciding how many factors are useful to retain will
be the subject of another post
KMO And Bartlett's Test
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of
Sampling Adequacy.
.711
Bartlett's Test of
Sphericity
Approx. Chi-
Square
280.796
df 105
Sig. .000
Communalities
Initial Extraction
traffic 1.000 .115
work
suggestions
1.000 .517
peak hours 1.000 .382
recognition 1.000 .550
security 1.000 .256
poor
treatment
1.000 .544
sleeping
problems
1.000 .396
lifestyle 1.000 .357
family 1.000 .475
poor health 1.000 .400
routes 1.000 .198
conflicts 1.000 .454
bus
condition
1.000 .290
6. A Study on Occupational Stress Among…
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poor
treatment
.652 -.184 -.290
sleeping
problems
.058 .093 .620
lifestyle .185 -.555 -.122
family .478 .481 -.121
poor health .378 .441 .250
routes -.109 -.191 .387
conflicts -.124 -.641 .168
bus
condition
.143 .514 .076
paid less .353 .245 .431
holidays .542 .125 .212
Factored Components
Component
1 2 3
work suggestions .674
poor treatment .652
holidays .542
lifestyle .185
bus condition .514
family .481
security .477
poor health .441
traffic .269
Interpretation: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy is .711 which infers the test has good sample
adequacy. The Descriptive Statistics for 15 research questions. Means varies from 2.428 to 3.668 and Standard
Deviation varies from 1.413 to 3.511. The 15 variables are classified into three factors such as: Factor 1:
• Work suggestions
• Poor treatment by passengers
• Difficulty in getting holidays
• Adjusting lifestyle
Factor 2:
• Bus condition
• Difficulty with family
• Lack of job security
• Worrying about poor health
sleeping problems .620
recognition .602
peak hours .572
paid less .431
routes .387
conflicts .168
7. A Study on Occupational Stress Among…
www.ijmrem.com IJMREM Page 39
• Traffic congestion
Factor 3:
• Sleeping problems
• No recognition
• Peak running times
• Paid less
• Learning the routes • Conflicts and quarrels
FINDINGS: Factor analysis has been performed and factor influencing stress are extracted, reduced and placed
into 3 groups for easy understanding.
SUGGESTIONS: Since paid less is a factor that has been identified as the most influencing one, PayScale of bus
drivers has to be satisfactory. • ‗Difficulty in getting holidays ‘is also a factor of high influence, so the drivers
should be provided appropriate holidays whenever needed. • Suitable performance appraisal schemes have to be
devised because the drivers feel that they are recognized for any good work. • Body pain, blood pressure and
diabetes are predominantly occurring among drivers, so sufficient medical care and assistance should be provided
to them. And also, preventive measures should be taught.
V. CONCLUSION
Stress in the workplace has become the black plague of the present era. Stress can make an individual productivity
and constructive when it is identified and well managed. Some of the employees fear with the fact that low quality
of their work puts stress on them. Stress has been identified to be a major problem in the operation of mode of
travel. The transport employees key element in the system is very easily liable to stress in the course of carrying
out his routine responsibility. Stress is an immense problem in modern society, as about half of the occupational
illnesses are directly or indirectly related to it. The study is based on perception of the health problems as
encountered by the respondents. But however, these are probabilities which cannot be denied: that the problems
suffered by the bus drivers and conductors may be attributed to the nature of work they are exposed to and the
associated life-style which is an outcome of their occupation. Stress can be managed by identifying the sources,
recognizing the reactions to the stress and changing the behaviour. Taking stress management classes or
rescheduling the work and personal lives can reduce stress. Having a supportive network of friends, family and
professionals can also be useful in helping to reduce stress.
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