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International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 6 Issue 6, September-October 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2155
Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on
Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries
Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia
Principal, Radiant Institute of Management & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to understand various stress factors at workplace,
consequences and various techniques to overcome stress in
Industries. Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life
living in this world. Stress in limited quantity is beneficial to
organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as
well as goals of organization. But stress in excess quantity can cause
harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. The
present study has included two segments (Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries.). These organisations have further been
grouped into one pairs (Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries)
based on certain Similarities in the factors that cause negative stress.
Though these organization negative stress creating factors like the
Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. They possess different
categories of employees, working at various hierarchy levels. They
use different methods and techniques in order to complete their
varying job tasks. The factors like career advancement, relationship
to work place, organization structure or design, leadership styles and
organizational culture have similarities to create stress at workplace.
KEYWORDS: Stress, Stress management, workplace
How to cite this paper: Dr. Kamaljeet
Kaur Bhatia "Managing Stress at
Workplace: A Study on Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries" Published in
International Journal
of Trend in
Scientific Research
and Development
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-6 |
Issue-6, October
2022, pp.2155-
2162, URL:
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International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development
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INTRODUCTION
In our everyday lives we get to hear the word ‘stress’
from our peers, colleagues, teachers and doctors.
Even the word ‘stress’ can be heard now a day in the
news, in the magazines and on other social media too.
But exactly what is stress?? In the layman’s language
stress is’ frustration or anxiety or nervousness or
change in regular function of mind or body due to
negative or positive influences around us’. So the
definitions of stress by different experts are as
follows- Arnod (1960) thinks that “Stress is any
condition that disturbs normal functioning”. Selye
(1974) defines stress as “Stress is a non-specific
response of the body to any demand”. Successful
employers and managers provide leadership in
dealing with the challenge of work stress. Stress is a
state of mind or an illness. Stress is the way human
beings react both physically and mentally to changes,
events, and in their lives. stress will be the result if
the workload is too large for the number of workers
and time available. When someone experiences stress,
there are many different symptoms and repercussion.
Depending on the level and frequency of stress, some
of these symptoms can become serious and cause a
many of problems. Stress affects people both
mentally and physically. The heart rate increases,
headaches can develop, and often people become
irritated much more easily. Individuals who work in
high stress or dangerous jobs as well as those who are
employed at a place where there is a high pressure
environment are often prone to experiencing stress.
Work environment, co-worker relations, and
customer pressures can all contribute to stress at
work.
IJTSRD52249
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2156
Most stressful jobs
Sr. No. . Job Stress score
1 Fire-fighter 71.59
2 Military personnel 70.78
3 Military general 63.11
4 Airplane pilot 60.46
5 Police officer 50.82
6 Actor 50.33
7 Broadcaster 50.30
8 Event coordinator 49.33
9 Photojournalist 49.22
10 Newspaper reporter 48.70
CAUSES OF STRESS
The major sources of employees stress are evenly
divided between organizational factors and the non-
work environment. These dual cause are noted that
individual differences among employees may cause
some to respond to these stressors with positive stress
(which stimulates them) while others experience
negative stress (which distracts from their efforts). As
a result, there may be either constructive or
destructive consequences for both the organization
and the employee. These efforts may be short-term
and diminish quickly or they may last a long time.
Stress should be accepted as an inevitable part of life.
Different situations and circumstances in our lives
and our job produce stress. Work-related stressors
include occupational demands, role conflict, role
ambiguity, work overload, work underload,
responsibility for others, and change, lack of social
support, lack of involvement in decisions, other
sources like working conditions, relationship with co-
workers, pay system, repetitive work, extreme
temperature, swing shifts, flexible working hours,
changes in working policy, reorganization of internal
structure and mergers.
JOB RELATED CAUSES OF STRESS
Almost any job condition can cause stress, depending
on an employee‘s reaction to it. Foregone employee
will accept a network procedure and feel little or no
stress, while another experiences overwhelming
pressure from the same task. Part of the difference
lies each employee's experiences, general outlooks
and expectations. There are, however, a number of
job conditions that frequently cause stress for
employees namely work overload, time pressure, poor
quality of supervision, insecure job element,
inadequate authority to match responsibilities, role
conflict and ambiguity, differences between company
and employees values, change of any type, especially
when it is major or unusual and frustration
Causes of stress at workplace
The WHO, in the year 2003, briefed the various
sources of stress at workplace in the following
manner.
Job content:-
Monotonous, under - stimulating, meaningless
tasks
Lack of variety
Unpleasant tasks
Aversive tasks
Workload and Work Pace:-
Having to much to do or too little to do
Working under time pressures
Working hours:-
Strict and inflexible boring schedules
Long and unsocial hours
Unpredictable working hours
Badly designed shift systems
Participation and control:-
Lack of participation in decision making
Lack of control (for e.g., overwork methods, work
pace, Working hours and the work environment)
Career development:-
Job insecurity
Lack of promotion aspects
Under - promotion or over promotion
Work of' low social value'
Piece rate payments schemes
Unclear or unfair performance evaluation systems
Being over-skilled or under skilled for the job
Role in the organisation:-
Unclear role
Conflicting roles within the same job
Responsibility for people
Continuously dealing with other people and their
problems
Interpersonal relationships:-
Inadequate, inconsiderate or unsupportive
supervision
Poor relationships with co-workers
Bullying, harassment and violence
Isolated or solitary work
No greed procedures for dealing with problems or
complaints
Organisational culture:-
Poor communication
Poor leadership
Lack of clarity about organisational objectives
and structure
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Home - work interface:-
Conflicting demands of work and home
Lack of support for domestic problems at work
Lack of support for work problems at home
REVIEW OF LITERATURE: -
An exploratory study carried on by Abdul Gani and
Roshan Ara (2010) shows that most common problem
that working women suffered with was intense
physiological stress. Because of stress, a fall in their
concentration and analytical power and could not
utilize their full potential in the job. They say that
workable solutions like communication with
superiors, peers and subordinates in the work
situation and with family member’s needs to be
strengthened.
Shankar. T and Jyotsna. B (2010), in their study of
work life balance, Employee engagement. Emotional
consonance / dissonance and turnover Intention,
found that HR interventions addressing work-life
balance would be a source of employer value
proposition and may in the long run provide
organisations and with a competitive advantage in the
employer branding domain.
Petrides and Furnham (2006) found that trait
emotional intelligence had a positive effect on
perceived effect on perceived effect on perceived job
control among both employed male and female adults
and also noted that emotionally intelligent men felt
lesser job stress.
Lakhwinder Singh Kang and Ragbir Singh (2004),
made an attempt to identify various coping and
symptom management strategies among electronics
industry employees and found that direct problem
solving, Behavioural disengagement, being private
and secretive, emphasizing the positive, avoidance,
involvement and accepting the situations were
identified as the major stress coping strategies.
Tove Helland, Hammer et al. (2004), conducted a
survey and examined the contributions of
organisational level norms about work requirements
social relations and work Family conflict, to job stress
and subjective health symptoms. The study included
1346 employees from 56 firms in food and beverage
industry. The observation of the study states that
organisational norms governing work performance
and social relations and work-to-family and family-
to-work conflict explained significant amounts of
variance for job stress. The cross level interaction
between work performance norms and work-to-
family conflict was also significantly related to health
symptoms, but family-to-work conflict and
organisational norms were not.
Ali Khan Khuwaja, Riaz Suresh, Marie Andraes,
Zafar Fatmi, Nadya Khan Huwaja (2002)
conducted a survey to understand and assess the job
dissatisfaction and stress levels among male and
female doctors in teaching hospitals at Karachi. The
study concluded that majority of doctors working at
these hospitals of Karachi had poor satisfaction level
for workplace characteristics and higher levels of job
stress. This suggests that immediate steps should be
taken for their control and management.
The relation of job stressors to health and
performance outcomes was studied by Paul E.
Spector et. al. (1998), and the results of this study
have demonstrated that there is convergent Validity
for at least some measures of stressors in
organisations. Furthermore there is evidence that the
job environment does have effect on job incumbents,
although more on their effective reactions than on
illness. The strength of environmental effects on
outcomes have been found to be quite modest and
clearly needed further research with objective
measures of job conditions.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-
The study has been conducted with the following
objectives,
1. To understand the concept and sources of stress.
2. To study the perceptions of employees on stress at
workplace;
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY:-
H0- The proportions of high stress respondents are
not significantly differed regarding the impact of
stress on the overall performance of the organization.
METHODLOGY:
The present study is based on primary data. Primary
data have been collected by conducting a
descriptively among sample employees of
Pharmaceuticals and Automobile Industries in
Pithampur in the district of Dhar in Madhya Pradesh.
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SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE:-
A sample of two Industries employees was taken to
meet the sample adequacy, for conducting factor
analysis number of sample Industries employees for
the study were selected by using simple random
sampling method because of easy accessibility and
affordability.
STATISTICAL TOOL:-
Administering Stress management scale was
constructed and standardized by Dr.Vandana Kaushik
and Dr. Namrata Arora Charpe. The first part of the
questionnaire was related to personal details of
Pharmaceuticals and Automobile Industries
employees, second part relates with measuring of
stress management among the Pharmaceuticals
Industries employees with the help of Statistical
Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Stress
management scale was developed on the lines of the
Likert summated rating scale in order to recognize the
common strategies used to overcome stress. The item
responses are to be elicited on a Likert scale that
range from zero (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly
agree).
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:-
TABLE NO – 01 STRESS FELT WITH
REGARD TO THE JOB
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 15 31 46
Pharmaceuticals 15 37 52
Total 30 68 98
The above table shows the stress felt by the
respondents with regard to the job. 15 respondents
from Automobile Industries out of 46 respondents
and 15 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries
out of 52 come under the high stress category. The
test statistic value of Z for the above data is, 0.40
which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96).
Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be
rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of
high stress among Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are not significantly differed regarding the
impact of stress on the overall performance of the
organizations.
TABLE NO - 02 STRESS FELT REGARDING
PHYSICAL WORKING CONDITIONS AT
WORKPLACE
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 07 48 55
Pharmaceuticals 12 36 48
Total 19 84 103
The above table shows the response regarding the
employees ‘stress due to physical working conditions
at workplace in selected four service organizations. In
the samples of 55 and 48 subjects, 07 respondents
from Automobile Industries and 12 respondents from
Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress
category. The test statistic value of Z for the above
data is, -1.60, which is greater than the critical value
of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails
to be rejected and hence it is concluded that the
proportion of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
TABLE NO – 03 STRESS FELT REGARDING
WORKLOAD AT WORKPLACE
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 08 54 62
Pharmaceuticals 26 39 65
Total 34 93 127
The above table explains the response of employees
regarding stress felt about their workload at work
place, among the selected four service organizations.
In the samples of 62 and 65 subjects, 8 respondents
from Automobile Industries and 26 respondents from
Pharmaceuticals Industries services come under the
high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for
the above data is -3.45, which is less than the critical
value of Z (-1.96) at 5 % level of significance.
Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, and
hence it is concluded that the proportion of high stress
among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are significantly differed.
TABLE NO – 04 STRESS FELT REGARDING
LONG HOURS OF WORK
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 14 51 65
Pharmaceuticals 21 35 56
Total 35 86 121
The above table discloses the response of the
employees regarding stress felt by the employee
while working for long hours at work place in the
organization. In the samples of 65 and 56 subjects, 14
respondents from Automobile Industries and 21
respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come
under the high stress category. The test statistic value
of Z for the above data is -1.93, is greater than the
critical value of Z. Therefore, the null hypothesis
(Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the
proportion of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2159
TABLE NO – 05 RESPONSE REGARDING
STRESS FELT DUE TO CAREER
DEVELOPMENT IN THE ORGANISATION
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 16 43 59
Pharmaceuticals 10 39 49
Total 26 82 108
The above table discloses the response of the
employees regarding stress felt due to career
development in the organizations. In the samples of
59 and 49 subjects, 16 respondents from Automobile
Industries and 10 respondents from Pharmaceuticals
Industries come under the high stress category. The
test statistic value of Z for the above data is 0.81,
which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96).
Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be
rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of
high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
TABLE NO – 06 RESPONSE REGARDING
STRESS FELT DUE TO TIME PRESSURES
AND DEADLINES
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 20 41 61
Pharmaceuticals 18 27 45
Total 38 68 106
The above Table explains that the response of the
employees regarding the stress felt due to time
pressures and deadlines in the jobs at work place. In
the samples of 61 and 45 subjects, 20 respondents
from Automobile Industries and 18 respondents from
Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress
category. The test statistic value of Z for the above
data is -0.77, which is greater than the critical value
of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails
to be rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the
proportion of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
TABLE NO – 07 RESPONSE REGARDING
STRESS FELT DUE TO SHIFT SYSTEM
FOLLOWED AT WORKPLACE
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 18 35 53
Pharmaceuticals 06 18 24
Total 24 53 77
The above table discloses the response of the
employees regarding stress felt due to shift system
followed at workplace. In the samples of 53 and 24
subjects, among which 18 respondents from
Automobile Industries and 06 respondents from
Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress
category. The test statistic value of Z for the above
data is 0.79, which is less than the critical value of Z
(1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be
rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of
high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
TABLE NO – 08 RESPONSE REGARDING
STRESS FELT FOR TIME SPENT WITH THE
FAMILY
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 09 59 68
Pharmaceuticals 05 32 37
Total 14 91 105
The above table denotes the response of the
employees regarding the stress felt for time spent with
the family. In the samples of 68 and 37 subjects, 9
respondents from Automobile Industries and 05
respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come
under the high stress category. The test statistic value
of Z for the above data is -0.04, which is greater than
the critical value of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null
hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is
concluded that the proportion of high stress among
the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are
not significantly differed.
TABLE NO – 09 RESPONSE REGARDING
STRESS FELT WHILE CHOOSING
BETWEEN FAMILY AND WORKPLACE
FOR URGENCIES
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 14 48 62
Pharmaceuticals 10 24 34
Total 24 72 96
The above table presents the response of the
employees regarding the stress felt while choosing
between family and work for urgencies. In the
samples of 62 and 34 subjects, 14 respondents from
Automobile Industries and 10 respondents from
Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress
category. The test statistic value of Z for the above
data is -0.74, which is greater than the critical value
of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails
to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion
of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
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TABLE NO – 10 RESPONSE REGARDING
IMPACT OF STRESS ON PRODUCTIVITY
LEVELS
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 12 44 56
Pharmaceuticals 06 31 37
Total 18 75 93
The above table denotes the response regarding the
impact of stress on productivity in selected
organizations. In the samples of 56 and 37 subjects,
12 respondents from Automobile Industries and 06
respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come
under the high stress category. The test statistic value
of Z for the above data is 0.62, which is less than the
critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null
hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is
concluded that the proportion of high stress among
the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are
not significantly differed.
TABLE NO – 11 RESPONSE REGARDING
IMPACT OF STRESS ON INDIVIDUAL
HEALTH CONDITIONS
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 60 50 110
Pharmaceuticals 40 50 90
Total 100 100 200
The above table shows the impact of stress at
workplace on the individual employee's health
conditions. In the samples of 110 and 90 subjects, 60
respondents from Automobile Industries and 40
respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come
under the high stress category. The test statistic value
of Z for the above data is 1.42, which is lesser than
the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null
hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is
concluded that the proportion of high stress among
the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are
not significantly differed.
TABLE NO – 12 RESPONSE REGARDING
IMPACT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEE'S JOB
PERFORMANCE
Industries
High
stress
Low
stress
Total
Automobile 61 50 111
Pharmaceuticals 40 70 110
Total 101 120 221
The above Table explains the response of the
employees regarding the impact of stress on
employee's job performance. In the samples of 111
and 110 subjects, 61 respondents from Automobile
Industries and 40 respondents from Pharmaceuticals
Industries come under the high stress category. The
test statistic value of Z for the above data is 2.77,
which is greater than the critical value of Z
(1.96).Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected.
Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of high
stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are significantly differed.
FINDINGS:-
1.Data regarding the stress felt regarding the job itself
among BPO and Industrial services showed, test
statistic value Z= 0.40,which is less than the critical
value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho)
fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the
proportion of high stress among the BPO services and
Industrial services are not significantly differed.
2. When working conditions are comfortable, the
stress experienced at workplace can be reduced. It is
interesting to find that all the four organizations did
not differ significantly with their opinion about high
stress felt due to improper working conditions at
workplace. Working conditions have a great impact
on the objectives set by the individual employees and
their performance at workplace.
3. Workload has been identified as a leading source of
job stress in a number of studies. The need to work
both mentally and physically attending to various
demands of the customers might add to the existing
stress when workload is too high. The data collected
regarding the virorkload at workplace showed that the
proportion of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries significantly differed.
4. Working for long hours for the purpose of
achieving urgent target of the organisation shows the
employees commitment to the organisation but, if this
keeps repeating, then there is a problem for the
employees to face stress which they carry back to
their families and then back to work the next day, the
cycle goes on. Therefore, working for long hours
needs to be monitored very carefully. The survey for
the above data showed that the proportion of high
stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are not significantly differed.
5. Career development is a prominent strategy in
retaining employees at workplace. Career growth is
what every individual expects to have and feel
frustrated and stressful if it is not fulfilled by the
organization. The data collected during the survey
with regard to this factor showed, that the proportion
of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
6. There is a distinct correlation between long
working hours and employees reporting numerous
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types of work-related health problems, including
headache, muscular pain, fatigue, anxiety and
insomnia. Employees working both long hours and
irregular hours report that their health is particularly
at risk. Additionally, high levels of pressure
stemming from high-speed tasks and strict deadlines
also significantly increase the level of stress
experienced by workers. The present survey, data
collected regarding the stress felt while working
along with colleagues showed, that the proportion of
high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed,
7. Deadlines and targets are a very common way of
getting work done among Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries. Data collected regarding
this factor showed, that the proportion of high stress
among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are not significantly differed. The result
shows high stress has to be considered and employees
being asked to work faster and tighter deadlines have
to planned as an alternative.
8. Work schedules must be established with flexibility
so that employees feel less stress at workplace. The
response of the employees regarding the stress felt by
the employee with regard to work schedule followed
show that the proportion of high stress among the
Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not
significantly differed.
9. Strict rules and regulations, frequent changes,
working on weekends and holidays, low possibilities
of job sharing. Inconvenient working hours might
make an employee to loose his balance between
"work and family life". He / she might end up saying
"difficult to fulfil family commitments due to job
pressure" or "do not get enough time for personal
care". These perceptions might result in unproductive
working hours to the organization. The level of stress
of the employees for time spent with their respective
families reveal that the proportion of high stress
among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are not significantly differed.
10. The employee turnover due to stress at workplace
showed that that the proportion of high stresses
among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries are not significantly differed.
11. If the organisation is able to control job stress
effectively, then there are the obvious benefits of a
healthy and safe working environment: harmony at
work, increased satisfaction, engagement of workers
and management, and productivity increases. The
response regarding the impact of stress on
productivity in selected organisations showed that the
proportion of high stress among the Automobile and
Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly
differed.
12. The impact of stress on employees "job
performance" reveals that the test statistic value is, Z=
2.77, is greater than the critical value of Z (1.95).
Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and it
is concluded that the proportion of high stress among
the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are
significantly differed.
12. Performance appraisal with its objective to find
the training and development needs is an important
factor which when not performed properly creates
stress among the employees. The data collected with
regard to the performance appraisal system followed
in the organization showed that the proportion of high
stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals
Industries.
13. Employee’s suggestions for reducing stress at
home are: proper sleep to the individual, meditation,
spending time with family members, pursuing
interests and hobbies, proper diet, regular exercise.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:-
The following are the limitations of the study.
1. This study has been conducted in the Industries
activities only due to its importance.
2. The company's existing only in Pithampur in the
district of Dhār have been covered due to
financial and time constraints.
3. The study observations are based on the data
collected from the respondents only.
CONCLUSION:
Work stress is a real challenge for workers and their
employing organizations. Now we can conclude that
stress is an important factor for the employees in any
organization. Stress within a specific limit helps to
achieve necessary objectives. But if stress exceeds
any particular limit then it shows its harmful effects
on the body, mind and behaviour. A culture of stress
can soon develop with many damaging consequences
for the organization. Workplace stress plays a
significant role in physiological and psychological
well-being of employees. It also affects the
productivity and performance of organisations.
Yoga, meditation, exercise and recreational activities
can provide better environment to control stress. Even
time management skills help to manage stress in an
effective manner. These simple but useful steps can
pave the path for improved efficiency of employees
and increased productivity of organisation.
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REFRENCES: -
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Intention, Indian Journal of Industrial
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[3] Petrides and Furnham (2006) as found in
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Emotional Intelligence for Managing
Executives Job Stress; A framework", Indian
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[5] Tove Helland Hammer, Per Oystein Saksvick,
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11-19.

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Managing Stress at Workplace A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries

  • 1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 6 Issue 6, September-October 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2155 Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia Principal, Radiant Institute of Management & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India ABSTRACT This study attempts to understand various stress factors at workplace, consequences and various techniques to overcome stress in Industries. Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. Stress in limited quantity is beneficial to organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as well as goals of organization. But stress in excess quantity can cause harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. The present study has included two segments (Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries.). These organisations have further been grouped into one pairs (Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries) based on certain Similarities in the factors that cause negative stress. Though these organization negative stress creating factors like the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. They possess different categories of employees, working at various hierarchy levels. They use different methods and techniques in order to complete their varying job tasks. The factors like career advancement, relationship to work place, organization structure or design, leadership styles and organizational culture have similarities to create stress at workplace. KEYWORDS: Stress, Stress management, workplace How to cite this paper: Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia "Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- 6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6, October 2022, pp.2155- 2162, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52249.pdf Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION In our everyday lives we get to hear the word ‘stress’ from our peers, colleagues, teachers and doctors. Even the word ‘stress’ can be heard now a day in the news, in the magazines and on other social media too. But exactly what is stress?? In the layman’s language stress is’ frustration or anxiety or nervousness or change in regular function of mind or body due to negative or positive influences around us’. So the definitions of stress by different experts are as follows- Arnod (1960) thinks that “Stress is any condition that disturbs normal functioning”. Selye (1974) defines stress as “Stress is a non-specific response of the body to any demand”. Successful employers and managers provide leadership in dealing with the challenge of work stress. Stress is a state of mind or an illness. Stress is the way human beings react both physically and mentally to changes, events, and in their lives. stress will be the result if the workload is too large for the number of workers and time available. When someone experiences stress, there are many different symptoms and repercussion. Depending on the level and frequency of stress, some of these symptoms can become serious and cause a many of problems. Stress affects people both mentally and physically. The heart rate increases, headaches can develop, and often people become irritated much more easily. Individuals who work in high stress or dangerous jobs as well as those who are employed at a place where there is a high pressure environment are often prone to experiencing stress. Work environment, co-worker relations, and customer pressures can all contribute to stress at work. IJTSRD52249
  • 2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2156 Most stressful jobs Sr. No. . Job Stress score 1 Fire-fighter 71.59 2 Military personnel 70.78 3 Military general 63.11 4 Airplane pilot 60.46 5 Police officer 50.82 6 Actor 50.33 7 Broadcaster 50.30 8 Event coordinator 49.33 9 Photojournalist 49.22 10 Newspaper reporter 48.70 CAUSES OF STRESS The major sources of employees stress are evenly divided between organizational factors and the non- work environment. These dual cause are noted that individual differences among employees may cause some to respond to these stressors with positive stress (which stimulates them) while others experience negative stress (which distracts from their efforts). As a result, there may be either constructive or destructive consequences for both the organization and the employee. These efforts may be short-term and diminish quickly or they may last a long time. Stress should be accepted as an inevitable part of life. Different situations and circumstances in our lives and our job produce stress. Work-related stressors include occupational demands, role conflict, role ambiguity, work overload, work underload, responsibility for others, and change, lack of social support, lack of involvement in decisions, other sources like working conditions, relationship with co- workers, pay system, repetitive work, extreme temperature, swing shifts, flexible working hours, changes in working policy, reorganization of internal structure and mergers. JOB RELATED CAUSES OF STRESS Almost any job condition can cause stress, depending on an employee‘s reaction to it. Foregone employee will accept a network procedure and feel little or no stress, while another experiences overwhelming pressure from the same task. Part of the difference lies each employee's experiences, general outlooks and expectations. There are, however, a number of job conditions that frequently cause stress for employees namely work overload, time pressure, poor quality of supervision, insecure job element, inadequate authority to match responsibilities, role conflict and ambiguity, differences between company and employees values, change of any type, especially when it is major or unusual and frustration Causes of stress at workplace The WHO, in the year 2003, briefed the various sources of stress at workplace in the following manner. Job content:- Monotonous, under - stimulating, meaningless tasks Lack of variety Unpleasant tasks Aversive tasks Workload and Work Pace:- Having to much to do or too little to do Working under time pressures Working hours:- Strict and inflexible boring schedules Long and unsocial hours Unpredictable working hours Badly designed shift systems Participation and control:- Lack of participation in decision making Lack of control (for e.g., overwork methods, work pace, Working hours and the work environment) Career development:- Job insecurity Lack of promotion aspects Under - promotion or over promotion Work of' low social value' Piece rate payments schemes Unclear or unfair performance evaluation systems Being over-skilled or under skilled for the job Role in the organisation:- Unclear role Conflicting roles within the same job Responsibility for people Continuously dealing with other people and their problems Interpersonal relationships:- Inadequate, inconsiderate or unsupportive supervision Poor relationships with co-workers Bullying, harassment and violence Isolated or solitary work No greed procedures for dealing with problems or complaints Organisational culture:- Poor communication Poor leadership Lack of clarity about organisational objectives and structure
  • 3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2157 Home - work interface:- Conflicting demands of work and home Lack of support for domestic problems at work Lack of support for work problems at home REVIEW OF LITERATURE: - An exploratory study carried on by Abdul Gani and Roshan Ara (2010) shows that most common problem that working women suffered with was intense physiological stress. Because of stress, a fall in their concentration and analytical power and could not utilize their full potential in the job. They say that workable solutions like communication with superiors, peers and subordinates in the work situation and with family member’s needs to be strengthened. Shankar. T and Jyotsna. B (2010), in their study of work life balance, Employee engagement. Emotional consonance / dissonance and turnover Intention, found that HR interventions addressing work-life balance would be a source of employer value proposition and may in the long run provide organisations and with a competitive advantage in the employer branding domain. Petrides and Furnham (2006) found that trait emotional intelligence had a positive effect on perceived effect on perceived effect on perceived job control among both employed male and female adults and also noted that emotionally intelligent men felt lesser job stress. Lakhwinder Singh Kang and Ragbir Singh (2004), made an attempt to identify various coping and symptom management strategies among electronics industry employees and found that direct problem solving, Behavioural disengagement, being private and secretive, emphasizing the positive, avoidance, involvement and accepting the situations were identified as the major stress coping strategies. Tove Helland, Hammer et al. (2004), conducted a survey and examined the contributions of organisational level norms about work requirements social relations and work Family conflict, to job stress and subjective health symptoms. The study included 1346 employees from 56 firms in food and beverage industry. The observation of the study states that organisational norms governing work performance and social relations and work-to-family and family- to-work conflict explained significant amounts of variance for job stress. The cross level interaction between work performance norms and work-to- family conflict was also significantly related to health symptoms, but family-to-work conflict and organisational norms were not. Ali Khan Khuwaja, Riaz Suresh, Marie Andraes, Zafar Fatmi, Nadya Khan Huwaja (2002) conducted a survey to understand and assess the job dissatisfaction and stress levels among male and female doctors in teaching hospitals at Karachi. The study concluded that majority of doctors working at these hospitals of Karachi had poor satisfaction level for workplace characteristics and higher levels of job stress. This suggests that immediate steps should be taken for their control and management. The relation of job stressors to health and performance outcomes was studied by Paul E. Spector et. al. (1998), and the results of this study have demonstrated that there is convergent Validity for at least some measures of stressors in organisations. Furthermore there is evidence that the job environment does have effect on job incumbents, although more on their effective reactions than on illness. The strength of environmental effects on outcomes have been found to be quite modest and clearly needed further research with objective measures of job conditions. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:- The study has been conducted with the following objectives, 1. To understand the concept and sources of stress. 2. To study the perceptions of employees on stress at workplace; HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY:- H0- The proportions of high stress respondents are not significantly differed regarding the impact of stress on the overall performance of the organization. METHODLOGY: The present study is based on primary data. Primary data have been collected by conducting a descriptively among sample employees of Pharmaceuticals and Automobile Industries in Pithampur in the district of Dhar in Madhya Pradesh.
  • 4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2158 SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE:- A sample of two Industries employees was taken to meet the sample adequacy, for conducting factor analysis number of sample Industries employees for the study were selected by using simple random sampling method because of easy accessibility and affordability. STATISTICAL TOOL:- Administering Stress management scale was constructed and standardized by Dr.Vandana Kaushik and Dr. Namrata Arora Charpe. The first part of the questionnaire was related to personal details of Pharmaceuticals and Automobile Industries employees, second part relates with measuring of stress management among the Pharmaceuticals Industries employees with the help of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Stress management scale was developed on the lines of the Likert summated rating scale in order to recognize the common strategies used to overcome stress. The item responses are to be elicited on a Likert scale that range from zero (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:- TABLE NO – 01 STRESS FELT WITH REGARD TO THE JOB Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 15 31 46 Pharmaceuticals 15 37 52 Total 30 68 98 The above table shows the stress felt by the respondents with regard to the job. 15 respondents from Automobile Industries out of 46 respondents and 15 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries out of 52 come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is, 0.40 which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed regarding the impact of stress on the overall performance of the organizations. TABLE NO - 02 STRESS FELT REGARDING PHYSICAL WORKING CONDITIONS AT WORKPLACE Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 07 48 55 Pharmaceuticals 12 36 48 Total 19 84 103 The above table shows the response regarding the employees ‘stress due to physical working conditions at workplace in selected four service organizations. In the samples of 55 and 48 subjects, 07 respondents from Automobile Industries and 12 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is, -1.60, which is greater than the critical value of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and hence it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 03 STRESS FELT REGARDING WORKLOAD AT WORKPLACE Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 08 54 62 Pharmaceuticals 26 39 65 Total 34 93 127 The above table explains the response of employees regarding stress felt about their workload at work place, among the selected four service organizations. In the samples of 62 and 65 subjects, 8 respondents from Automobile Industries and 26 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries services come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is -3.45, which is less than the critical value of Z (-1.96) at 5 % level of significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected, and hence it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are significantly differed. TABLE NO – 04 STRESS FELT REGARDING LONG HOURS OF WORK Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 14 51 65 Pharmaceuticals 21 35 56 Total 35 86 121 The above table discloses the response of the employees regarding stress felt by the employee while working for long hours at work place in the organization. In the samples of 65 and 56 subjects, 14 respondents from Automobile Industries and 21 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is -1.93, is greater than the critical value of Z. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed.
  • 5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2159 TABLE NO – 05 RESPONSE REGARDING STRESS FELT DUE TO CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE ORGANISATION Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 16 43 59 Pharmaceuticals 10 39 49 Total 26 82 108 The above table discloses the response of the employees regarding stress felt due to career development in the organizations. In the samples of 59 and 49 subjects, 16 respondents from Automobile Industries and 10 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is 0.81, which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 06 RESPONSE REGARDING STRESS FELT DUE TO TIME PRESSURES AND DEADLINES Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 20 41 61 Pharmaceuticals 18 27 45 Total 38 68 106 The above Table explains that the response of the employees regarding the stress felt due to time pressures and deadlines in the jobs at work place. In the samples of 61 and 45 subjects, 20 respondents from Automobile Industries and 18 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is -0.77, which is greater than the critical value of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 07 RESPONSE REGARDING STRESS FELT DUE TO SHIFT SYSTEM FOLLOWED AT WORKPLACE Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 18 35 53 Pharmaceuticals 06 18 24 Total 24 53 77 The above table discloses the response of the employees regarding stress felt due to shift system followed at workplace. In the samples of 53 and 24 subjects, among which 18 respondents from Automobile Industries and 06 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is 0.79, which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 08 RESPONSE REGARDING STRESS FELT FOR TIME SPENT WITH THE FAMILY Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 09 59 68 Pharmaceuticals 05 32 37 Total 14 91 105 The above table denotes the response of the employees regarding the stress felt for time spent with the family. In the samples of 68 and 37 subjects, 9 respondents from Automobile Industries and 05 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is -0.04, which is greater than the critical value of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 09 RESPONSE REGARDING STRESS FELT WHILE CHOOSING BETWEEN FAMILY AND WORKPLACE FOR URGENCIES Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 14 48 62 Pharmaceuticals 10 24 34 Total 24 72 96 The above table presents the response of the employees regarding the stress felt while choosing between family and work for urgencies. In the samples of 62 and 34 subjects, 14 respondents from Automobile Industries and 10 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is -0.74, which is greater than the critical value of Z (-1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed.
  • 6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2160 TABLE NO – 10 RESPONSE REGARDING IMPACT OF STRESS ON PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 12 44 56 Pharmaceuticals 06 31 37 Total 18 75 93 The above table denotes the response regarding the impact of stress on productivity in selected organizations. In the samples of 56 and 37 subjects, 12 respondents from Automobile Industries and 06 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is 0.62, which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 11 RESPONSE REGARDING IMPACT OF STRESS ON INDIVIDUAL HEALTH CONDITIONS Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 60 50 110 Pharmaceuticals 40 50 90 Total 100 100 200 The above table shows the impact of stress at workplace on the individual employee's health conditions. In the samples of 110 and 90 subjects, 60 respondents from Automobile Industries and 40 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is 1.42, which is lesser than the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. TABLE NO – 12 RESPONSE REGARDING IMPACT OF STRESS ON EMPLOYEE'S JOB PERFORMANCE Industries High stress Low stress Total Automobile 61 50 111 Pharmaceuticals 40 70 110 Total 101 120 221 The above Table explains the response of the employees regarding the impact of stress on employee's job performance. In the samples of 111 and 110 subjects, 61 respondents from Automobile Industries and 40 respondents from Pharmaceuticals Industries come under the high stress category. The test statistic value of Z for the above data is 2.77, which is greater than the critical value of Z (1.96).Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. Hence, it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are significantly differed. FINDINGS:- 1.Data regarding the stress felt regarding the job itself among BPO and Industrial services showed, test statistic value Z= 0.40,which is less than the critical value of Z (1.96). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) fails to be rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the BPO services and Industrial services are not significantly differed. 2. When working conditions are comfortable, the stress experienced at workplace can be reduced. It is interesting to find that all the four organizations did not differ significantly with their opinion about high stress felt due to improper working conditions at workplace. Working conditions have a great impact on the objectives set by the individual employees and their performance at workplace. 3. Workload has been identified as a leading source of job stress in a number of studies. The need to work both mentally and physically attending to various demands of the customers might add to the existing stress when workload is too high. The data collected regarding the virorkload at workplace showed that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries significantly differed. 4. Working for long hours for the purpose of achieving urgent target of the organisation shows the employees commitment to the organisation but, if this keeps repeating, then there is a problem for the employees to face stress which they carry back to their families and then back to work the next day, the cycle goes on. Therefore, working for long hours needs to be monitored very carefully. The survey for the above data showed that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. 5. Career development is a prominent strategy in retaining employees at workplace. Career growth is what every individual expects to have and feel frustrated and stressful if it is not fulfilled by the organization. The data collected during the survey with regard to this factor showed, that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. 6. There is a distinct correlation between long working hours and employees reporting numerous
  • 7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2161 types of work-related health problems, including headache, muscular pain, fatigue, anxiety and insomnia. Employees working both long hours and irregular hours report that their health is particularly at risk. Additionally, high levels of pressure stemming from high-speed tasks and strict deadlines also significantly increase the level of stress experienced by workers. The present survey, data collected regarding the stress felt while working along with colleagues showed, that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed, 7. Deadlines and targets are a very common way of getting work done among Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. Data collected regarding this factor showed, that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. The result shows high stress has to be considered and employees being asked to work faster and tighter deadlines have to planned as an alternative. 8. Work schedules must be established with flexibility so that employees feel less stress at workplace. The response of the employees regarding the stress felt by the employee with regard to work schedule followed show that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. 9. Strict rules and regulations, frequent changes, working on weekends and holidays, low possibilities of job sharing. Inconvenient working hours might make an employee to loose his balance between "work and family life". He / she might end up saying "difficult to fulfil family commitments due to job pressure" or "do not get enough time for personal care". These perceptions might result in unproductive working hours to the organization. The level of stress of the employees for time spent with their respective families reveal that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. 10. The employee turnover due to stress at workplace showed that that the proportion of high stresses among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. 11. If the organisation is able to control job stress effectively, then there are the obvious benefits of a healthy and safe working environment: harmony at work, increased satisfaction, engagement of workers and management, and productivity increases. The response regarding the impact of stress on productivity in selected organisations showed that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are not significantly differed. 12. The impact of stress on employees "job performance" reveals that the test statistic value is, Z= 2.77, is greater than the critical value of Z (1.95). Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and it is concluded that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries are significantly differed. 12. Performance appraisal with its objective to find the training and development needs is an important factor which when not performed properly creates stress among the employees. The data collected with regard to the performance appraisal system followed in the organization showed that the proportion of high stress among the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. 13. Employee’s suggestions for reducing stress at home are: proper sleep to the individual, meditation, spending time with family members, pursuing interests and hobbies, proper diet, regular exercise. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:- The following are the limitations of the study. 1. This study has been conducted in the Industries activities only due to its importance. 2. The company's existing only in Pithampur in the district of Dhār have been covered due to financial and time constraints. 3. The study observations are based on the data collected from the respondents only. CONCLUSION: Work stress is a real challenge for workers and their employing organizations. Now we can conclude that stress is an important factor for the employees in any organization. Stress within a specific limit helps to achieve necessary objectives. But if stress exceeds any particular limit then it shows its harmful effects on the body, mind and behaviour. A culture of stress can soon develop with many damaging consequences for the organization. Workplace stress plays a significant role in physiological and psychological well-being of employees. It also affects the productivity and performance of organisations. Yoga, meditation, exercise and recreational activities can provide better environment to control stress. Even time management skills help to manage stress in an effective manner. These simple but useful steps can pave the path for improved efficiency of employees and increased productivity of organisation.
  • 8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD52249 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2022 Page 2162 REFRENCES: - [1] Abdul Gani & Roshan Ara; (2010).Conflicting Worlds of Working Women: Findings of an exploratory Study; The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 46, No.l, [2] Shankar. T, Bhatnagar. J, (2010) Work Life Balance, Employee Engagement, Emotional Consonance / Dissonance & Turnover Intention, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 46, No. 1, July. [3] Petrides and Furnham (2006) as found in Sanjay Kumar Singh (2009), Leveraging Emotional Intelligence for Managing Executives Job Stress; A framework", Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 45, October 2009. [4] Lakwinder Singh Kang, Ragbir Singh (2004), "Managing Organisational Stress, A Study in Electronics Industry"; IJIR,Vol. 39, No. 4. [5] Tove Helland Hammer, Per Oystein Saksvick, Kjell Nytro and Hans Torvatn, Mahmut Bayazit, (2004)"Expanding the Psychological Work Environment: Workplace Norms and Work – Family Conflict as Correlated to Stress and Health", Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 9, No.l, pp. 23-97. [6] Ali Khan Khuwaja, Riaz Quareshi, Marie Andredes, Zafar Fatmi, Nadya Khan Huwaja (2002), Comparison of Job Satisfaction and Stress Among Male and Female Doctors in Teaching Hospitals of Karachi. [7] Paul E. Spector, Daniel J. Dwyer and Steve M. Jex (1998), 'Relation of Job Stressors to Affective, Health and Performance Outcomes: A Comparison of Multiple Data Sources", Journal of Applied Psychology; Vol. 79, pp. 11-19.