Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born in 1876 in Karachi and was the first of seven children. He went to school in Karachi and Bombay, and then to England to study law on his father's advice. When he returned to India, he started his legal practice in Bombay. Jinnah entered politics in 1906 by joining the Indian National Congress party. In 1940, as the leader of the Muslim League, he adopted the Lahore Resolution calling for a separate Muslim state of Pakistan. Despite opposition, through his skill and tenacity Jinnah was able to convince both the Congress and British to agree to partition India. Pakistan gained independence on August 14, 1947 with Jinnah becoming its first Governor General. He worked hard to

1. A SHORT ESSAY ON QUID’OOO
Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th December 1876 at Vazeer Mansion Karachi, was
the first of seven children of Jinnah bhai, a prosperous merchant. After being taught at home, Jinnah
was sent to the Sindh Madrasah High School in 1887. Later he attended the Mission High School, where,
at the age of 16, he passed the matriculation examination of the University of Bombay. On the advice of
an English friend, his father decided to send him to England to acquire business experience. Jinnah,
however, had made up his mind to become a barrister. In keeping with the custom of the time, his
parents arranged for an early marriage for him before he left for England.
When Jinnah returned to Karachi in 1896, he found that his father's business had suffered losses and
that he now had to depend on himself. He decided to start his legal practice in Bombay, but it took him
years of work to establish himself as a lawyer.
Jinnah first entered politics by participating in the 1906 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress,
the party that called for dominion status and later for independence for India. Four years later he was
elected to the Imperial Legislative Council--the beginning of a long and distinguished parliamentary
career. In Bombay he came to know, among other important Congress personalities, Gopal Krishna
Gokhale, the eminent Maratha leader. Greatly influenced by these nationalist politicians, Jinnah aspired
during the early part of his political life to become "a Muslim Gokhale." Admiration for British political
institutions and an eagerness to raise the status of India in the international community and to develop
a sense of Indian nationhood among the peoples of India were the chief elements of his politics. At that
time, he still looked upon Muslim interests in the context of Indian nationalism.
The Creator of Pakistan
At this point, Jinnah emerged as the leader of a renascent Muslim nation. Events began to move fast. On
March 22-23, 1940, in Lahore, the league adopted a resolution to form a separate Muslim state,
Pakistan. The Pakistan idea was first ridiculed and then tenaciously opposed by the Congress. But it
captured the imagination of the Muslims. Pitted against Jinnah were men of the stature of Gandhi and
Jawaharlal Nehru. And the British government seemed to be intent on maintaining the political unity of
the Indian subcontinent. But Jinnah led his movement with such skill and tenacity that ultimately both
the Congress and the British government had no option but to agree to the partitioning of India.
Pakistan thus emerged as an independent state in 14th August, 1947.
Jinnah became the first head of the new state i.e. Pakistan. He took oath as the first governor general on
August 15, 1947. Faced with the serious problems of a young nation, he tackled Pakistan's problems
with authority.
He was not regarded as merely the governor-general; he was revered as the father of the nation. He
worked hard until overpowered by age and disease in Karachi. He died on 11th September 1948 at
Karachi.