This document discusses the works of several scholars on translation theory and practice. It provides summaries and excerpts from their books and essays on topics such as: the difference between formal and dynamic equivalence in translation; the relationship between concepts and words in language and translation; translation as operating on languages by substituting text; the role of translation in postcolonial contexts; and the impossibility of a perfect translation in practice. The document lists numerous works, authors, and ideas within the field of translation studies.

2.  If yes, then you should read or know about the
following people and their works.

3. A. Toward a Science of Translating, Leiden: Brill, 1964, 2nd edn (2003)
“However, there are fundamentally two different types of equivalence: one which may be called
formal and another which is primarily dynamic.”
B. The Theory and Practice of Translation, Brill, 2003
C. Language Structure and Translation: Essays, Stanford University Press,1975 ,
“The fact that in historical developments, concepts precede words or lexical units, e.g.
neutrons, quasars, relativity theory, and binary units, should clearly warn anyone about
mistakenly assuming that language determines thought. The reason why we tend to think
that words precede concepts is that there is a basic difference between personal and cultural
learning. As individuals we have often become acquainted with words before we have
learned their meanings; but in the experience of the culture, the concepts come first and
then words are selected or formed to symbolize the chunks of experience or thought.” page
no 187
D. From One Language to Another (Functional Equivalence in Bible Translating), Jan
De Waard, Nida, Eugene, A. Thomas Nelson, 1986.
E. Contexts in Translating, , Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002

4. A Linguistic Theory of Translation, London: Longman, 1965
Translation is an operation performed on languages; a process of substituting a text in one
language for a text in another language.

5. A. Translation and Identity in the Americas: New Directions in Translation
Theory. London: Routledge, 2008.
B. Contemporary Translation Theories. London & New York: Routledge,
2001.

6.  Siting Translation: History, Post Structuralism and the Colonial
Context, California: University of California Press, 1992
 In a postcolonial context, the problematic of translation becomes a significant site for
raising questions of representation, power and historicity. The context is one of contesting
and contested stories attempting to account for to recount the asymmetry and inequality of
relations between peoples, races and languages. (from the 1st chapter)

7.  Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, London:
Routledge, 2008
 Evaluation in Translation: A study of critical points in translator decision-
making, Routledge, 2012.

 Style and Ideology in Translation: Latin American writing in English,
New York: Routledge, September 2007; published in paperback, June
2009
 Translation: An advanced resource book, (co-authored with Basil Hatim),
London and New York: Routledge, 2004

8.  After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation by George Steiner,
USA: OUP, 1998

9.  Experiences in Translation, 2001, Toronto: University of Toronto Press
 Every sensible and rigorous theory of language shows that a perfect translation is an
impossible dream. In spite of this, people translate. It is like the paradox of Achilles and the
turtle. Theoretically speaking, Achilles should never reach the turtle. But in reality he does.
(From the introduction)
 Mouse or rat ?-Translation as Negotiation, Eco, Umberto, Phoinix, 2004

10. Science in Translation, University of Chicago Press, 2000

11. A. Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology (anthology of
essays, editor) (1992)
B. The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation (1995; 2nd ed.
2008)
C. The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference (1998)
D. Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (1998) (contributor)
E. Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation (2000) (contributor)
F. The Translation Studies Reader (2000; 2nd ed. 2004; 3rd ed. 2012) (a
survey of translation theory from antiquity to the present; editor)[8]
G. Translation Changes Everything: Theory and Practice (2013)

12.  A . Translation and Text Transfer. An Essay on the Principles of Intercultural Communication, Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang, 1992.
Revised edition: Tarragona: Intercultural Studies Group, 2010.
 B. Epistemological Problems in Translation and its Teaching, Calaceite: Caminade, 1993.
 C. Method in Translation History, Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 1998.
 D. Negotiating the Frontier: Translators and Intercultures in Hispanic History, Manchester: St Jerome Publishing, 2000.
 E. The Moving Text: Localization, Translation and Distribution, Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2004.
 F. Exploring Translation Theories, London and New York: Routledge, 2010. Japanese translation, ???????, trans. Kayoko Takeda,
Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 2010. Translation rights sold for Portuguese and Korean.
 G. The status of the translation profession in the European Union, with François Grin, Claudio Sfreddo, Andy L. J. Chan.
Luxembourg: European Commission, 2012.
 H. On Translator Ethics. Principles for Cross-cultural communication. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2012
(reworked version of Pour une éthique du traducteur).

13.  A. Translation, history, and culture, Pinter Publisher, 1990
 B. Translation Studies, New York and London: Routledge, revised 2002

14. A. Constructing Cultures (with Susan Bassnett). London: Multilingual Matters, 1997
B. Translating Literature: Practice and Theory in a Comparative Literature Framework.
New York: MLA, 1992
C. Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London/New
York:Routledge, 1992
D. Essays in Comparative Literature. Calcutta: Papyrus, 1989
E. Translating Literature: The German Tradition. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1977
F. F.Literary Knowledge. Assen: Van Gorcum, 1977
G. Translating Poetry: Seven Strategies and a Blueprint. Amsterdam: Van Gorcum, 1975
H. Why waste our time on rewrites? The trouble with interpretation and the role of
rewriting in an alternative paradigm’, in Theo Hermans (ed)The Manipulation of
Literature: Studies in Literary Translation, London & Sydney: Croom Helm. 1985
Edited book
I. Ed. Translation: Culture/History: A Source Book. London/New York: Routledge, 1992

15. A. In Search of a Theory of Translation. Tel Aviv: The Porter Institute for Poetics and
Semiotics, Tel Aviv University. 1980.
B. Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins. 1995.
 Edited Books
A. Translation Theory: A Reader.Tel Aviv University: Dyonun. 1980.(English and Hebrew)
B. With Itamar Even-Zohar.Translation Theory and Intercultural RelationsThe Porter
Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, Tel Aviv University. 1981.
C. Translation Across Cultures.New Delhi: Bahri Publications. 1987.
D. Introducing Translation Theory: Selected Articles.Tel Aviv University: Dyonun. 1991.
198 pp. (English and Hebrew)

16. A. Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account (London and New York:
Routledge, 2006).
B. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation (first edition, 1992,
Routledge; revised and extended edition, 2010).
Edited books:
A. Editor of Critical Concepts: Translation Studies (London and New York:
Routledge, 2009).
B. Editor of Critical Readings in Translation Studies (London and New
York: Routledge, 2009).
C. Editor, together with Gabriela Saldanha, of Routledge Encyclopedia of
Translation Studies (London and New York: Routledge, 2008).

17.  The Translator’s Turn, Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1991
 Translation and Taboo, DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press
 Becoming a Translator, London and New York: Routledge,2003
 Who Translates? Translator Subjectivities Beyond Reason, Albany:
SUNY Press, 2001
 Translation and the Problem of Sway Amsterdam and Philadelphia:
John Benjamins, 2011

18. A. A Textbook of Translation (1988)
B. Paragraphs on Translation (1989)
C. About Translation (1991)
D. More Paragraphs on Translation (1998)

19.  Translation as a Profession

20.  Scientific and Technical Translation, First Edition (1977)

21.  Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach Amsterdam: John
Benjamins, 1995
 Usually however, the literary translator gives no indication of his intention, and
publishers’ constraints remain unknown: it is a hallmark of the prototypical
literary translation that it is assumed to stand as a valid full-scale representative
of the original in a foreign culture………….page no 114

22. 
 Thank you