This presentation covers cost and management accounting. It discusses tools like financial analysis, budgeting, and standard costing. It defines marginal costing as the change in total cost from producing an additional unit, and explains concepts like contribution, profit-volume ratio, break-even point, and margin of safety. Absorption costing fully allocates both direct and indirect costs to inventory for valuation. While marginal costing is useful for startups to assess contribution and break-even, absorption costing provides a more comprehensive view of costs and is generally better for strategic decision making.