This document proposes a novel architecture for 3D avatar modeling in virtual communities using face detection. It discusses how face recognition works in humans and current techniques for face recognition. The proposed system extracts features from a face image to generate a biometric template, compares it to templates in a database, and outputs a match to create personalized avatars for virtual worlds. Local image features and descriptors are used to represent facial structure and appearance for matching avatar faces across different poses.
Design thinking for next dacade will center around three interesting paradigms. Specially as lot of information will be emitted by various devices and the complexity increases, we need to evolve a way to simplify the complex. This talk given at IIT Kanpur, attempts to figure out how we would be designing simpler intelligent interfaces.
Performance Comparison of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A SurveyEditor IJCATR
Digital watermarking is the processing of combined information into a digital signal. A watermark is a secondary image,
which is overlaid on the host image, and provides a means of protecting the image. In order to provide high quality watermarked
image, the watermarked image should be imperceptible. This paper presents different techniques of digital image watermarking based
on spatial & frequency domain, which shows that spatial domain technique provides security & successful recovery of watermark
image and higher PSNR value compared to frequency domain.
Matching Sketches with Digital Face Images using MCWLD and Image Moment Invar...iosrjce
Face recognition is an important problem in many application domains. Matching sketches with
digital face image is important in solving crimes and capturing criminals. It is a computer application for
automatically identifying a person from a still image. Law enforcement agencies are progressively using
composite sketches and forensic sketches for catching the criminals. This paper presents two algorithms that
efficiently retrieve the matched results. First method uses multiscale circular Weber’s local descriptor to encode
more discriminative local micro patterns from local regions. Second method uses image moments, it extracts
discriminative shape, orientation, and texture features from local regions of a face. The discriminating
information from both sketch and digital image is compared using appropriate distance measure. The
contributions of this research paper are: i) Comparison of multiscale circular Weber’s local descriptor with
image moment for matching sketch to digital image, ii) Analysis of these algorithms on viewed face sketch,
forensic face sketch and composite face sketch databases
Design thinking for next dacade will center around three interesting paradigms. Specially as lot of information will be emitted by various devices and the complexity increases, we need to evolve a way to simplify the complex. This talk given at IIT Kanpur, attempts to figure out how we would be designing simpler intelligent interfaces.
Performance Comparison of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques: A SurveyEditor IJCATR
Digital watermarking is the processing of combined information into a digital signal. A watermark is a secondary image,
which is overlaid on the host image, and provides a means of protecting the image. In order to provide high quality watermarked
image, the watermarked image should be imperceptible. This paper presents different techniques of digital image watermarking based
on spatial & frequency domain, which shows that spatial domain technique provides security & successful recovery of watermark
image and higher PSNR value compared to frequency domain.
Matching Sketches with Digital Face Images using MCWLD and Image Moment Invar...iosrjce
Face recognition is an important problem in many application domains. Matching sketches with
digital face image is important in solving crimes and capturing criminals. It is a computer application for
automatically identifying a person from a still image. Law enforcement agencies are progressively using
composite sketches and forensic sketches for catching the criminals. This paper presents two algorithms that
efficiently retrieve the matched results. First method uses multiscale circular Weber’s local descriptor to encode
more discriminative local micro patterns from local regions. Second method uses image moments, it extracts
discriminative shape, orientation, and texture features from local regions of a face. The discriminating
information from both sketch and digital image is compared using appropriate distance measure. The
contributions of this research paper are: i) Comparison of multiscale circular Weber’s local descriptor with
image moment for matching sketch to digital image, ii) Analysis of these algorithms on viewed face sketch,
forensic face sketch and composite face sketch databases
Depth-Image-based Facial Analysis between Age Groups and Recognition of 3D FacesIDES Editor
Face recognition is still an open problem. Many 2D
face recognition approaches came into light to achieve high
recognition rate. But these approaches are still challenged by
the changes in illuminations, expressions, pose, noise, etc. A
3D face recognition technique is proposed to overcome such
challenges and to enhance robustness to expression variations.
Here, we compare the person at different age groups with
higher recognition rate in comparison to 2D face recognition
techniques. We propose a two stage procedure of 3D face
recognition based on FLD (Fisher Linear Discriminant), SURF
operator and depth-image. First, FLD is used on depth-image
to perform recognition and then the SURF features of 2D
gray images to carry out the refined recognition. Finally, our
proposed work will increase the robustness in expression
variations.
The final lecture in the COSC 426 graduate course in Augmented Reality. Taught by Mark Billinghurst from the HIT Lab NZ at the University of Canterbury on Sept. 19th 2012
MIT 6.870 - Template Matching and Histograms (Nicolas Pinto, MIT)npinto
MIT 6.870 Object Recognition and Scene Understanding (Fall 2008)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/torralba/courses/6.870/6.870.recognition.htm
This class will review and discuss current approaches to object recognition and scene understanding in computer vision. The course will cover bag of words models, part based models, classifier based models, multiclass object recognition and transfer learning, concurrent recognition and segmentation, context models for object recognition, grammars for scene understanding and large datasets for semi supervised and unsupervised discovery of object and scene categories. We will be reading a mixture of papers from computer vision and influential works from cognitive psychology on object and scene recognition.
3D context-aware mobile maps for tourism - ENTER2011 PhD WorkshopZornitza Yovcheva
This is the presentation I delivered at ENTER2011 presenting the work I started with at the John Kent Institute in Tourism, Bournemouth University. The proposal I submitted there won the first prize of the PhD Workshop. Even though my ideas have changed since then I really like this presentation as it explains what I was planning to focus on then - three dimensional maps and how we can make them more context aware and adaptive.
Invited talk held at the IEEE conference Hummanoids'06 in Genoa, Italy about Microsoft's recently released preview of the Microsoft Robotics Studio. Including a scalable runtime architecture supporting 8-bit up to 32-bit technologies with multi-core processors, the system provides access to simple touch sensors up to complex laser range finders. A 3D visual simulation environment and open architecture allows easy integration and simulation of newly constructed hardware platforms. While a wide variety of commercial and academic robots are already integrated within the Robotics Studio, there is a lack of humanoid platforms, yet. In this talk we will discuss the design of the software platform and the requirements to be met to integrate humanoid robots in the future.
A Textural Approach to Palmprint IdentificationIJASCSE
Biometrics which use of human physiological characteristics for identifying an individual is now a widespread method of identification and authentication. Biometric identification is a technology which uses several image processing techniques and describes the general procedure for identification and verification using feature extraction, storage and matching from the digitized image of biometric characters such as Finger Print, Face, Iris or Palm Print. The current paper uses palm print biometrics. Here we have presented an identification approach using textural properties of palm print images. The elegance of the method is that the conventional edge detection technique is extended to suitably describe the texture features. In this technique all the characteristics of the palm such as principal lines, edges and wrinkles are considered with equal importance.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
TRIDELITY - your provider of autostereoscopic (= glasses-free) 3D monitors with highest imaginable 3D quality and crispiest 3D perception both for 3D digital signage and entertainment as for science, industry and education.
Istance Designing Gaze Gestures For Gaming An Investigation Of PerformanceKalle
To enable people with motor impairments to use gaze control to play online games and take part in virtual communities, new interaction techniques are needed that overcome the limitations of dwell clicking on icons in the games interface. We have investigated gaze gestures as a means of achieving this. We report the results of an experiment with 24 participants that examined performance differences between different gestures. We were able to predict the effect on performance of the numbers of legs in the gesture and the primary direction of eye movement in a gesture. We also report the outcomes of user trials in which 12 experienced gamers used the gaze gesture interface to play World of Warcraft. All participants were able to move around and engage other characters in fighting episodes successfully. Gestures were good for issuing specific commands such as spell casting, and less good for continuous control of movement compared with other gaze interaction techniques we have developed.
Depth-Image-based Facial Analysis between Age Groups and Recognition of 3D FacesIDES Editor
Face recognition is still an open problem. Many 2D
face recognition approaches came into light to achieve high
recognition rate. But these approaches are still challenged by
the changes in illuminations, expressions, pose, noise, etc. A
3D face recognition technique is proposed to overcome such
challenges and to enhance robustness to expression variations.
Here, we compare the person at different age groups with
higher recognition rate in comparison to 2D face recognition
techniques. We propose a two stage procedure of 3D face
recognition based on FLD (Fisher Linear Discriminant), SURF
operator and depth-image. First, FLD is used on depth-image
to perform recognition and then the SURF features of 2D
gray images to carry out the refined recognition. Finally, our
proposed work will increase the robustness in expression
variations.
The final lecture in the COSC 426 graduate course in Augmented Reality. Taught by Mark Billinghurst from the HIT Lab NZ at the University of Canterbury on Sept. 19th 2012
MIT 6.870 - Template Matching and Histograms (Nicolas Pinto, MIT)npinto
MIT 6.870 Object Recognition and Scene Understanding (Fall 2008)
http://people.csail.mit.edu/torralba/courses/6.870/6.870.recognition.htm
This class will review and discuss current approaches to object recognition and scene understanding in computer vision. The course will cover bag of words models, part based models, classifier based models, multiclass object recognition and transfer learning, concurrent recognition and segmentation, context models for object recognition, grammars for scene understanding and large datasets for semi supervised and unsupervised discovery of object and scene categories. We will be reading a mixture of papers from computer vision and influential works from cognitive psychology on object and scene recognition.
3D context-aware mobile maps for tourism - ENTER2011 PhD WorkshopZornitza Yovcheva
This is the presentation I delivered at ENTER2011 presenting the work I started with at the John Kent Institute in Tourism, Bournemouth University. The proposal I submitted there won the first prize of the PhD Workshop. Even though my ideas have changed since then I really like this presentation as it explains what I was planning to focus on then - three dimensional maps and how we can make them more context aware and adaptive.
Invited talk held at the IEEE conference Hummanoids'06 in Genoa, Italy about Microsoft's recently released preview of the Microsoft Robotics Studio. Including a scalable runtime architecture supporting 8-bit up to 32-bit technologies with multi-core processors, the system provides access to simple touch sensors up to complex laser range finders. A 3D visual simulation environment and open architecture allows easy integration and simulation of newly constructed hardware platforms. While a wide variety of commercial and academic robots are already integrated within the Robotics Studio, there is a lack of humanoid platforms, yet. In this talk we will discuss the design of the software platform and the requirements to be met to integrate humanoid robots in the future.
A Textural Approach to Palmprint IdentificationIJASCSE
Biometrics which use of human physiological characteristics for identifying an individual is now a widespread method of identification and authentication. Biometric identification is a technology which uses several image processing techniques and describes the general procedure for identification and verification using feature extraction, storage and matching from the digitized image of biometric characters such as Finger Print, Face, Iris or Palm Print. The current paper uses palm print biometrics. Here we have presented an identification approach using textural properties of palm print images. The elegance of the method is that the conventional edge detection technique is extended to suitably describe the texture features. In this technique all the characteristics of the palm such as principal lines, edges and wrinkles are considered with equal importance.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
TRIDELITY - your provider of autostereoscopic (= glasses-free) 3D monitors with highest imaginable 3D quality and crispiest 3D perception both for 3D digital signage and entertainment as for science, industry and education.
Istance Designing Gaze Gestures For Gaming An Investigation Of PerformanceKalle
To enable people with motor impairments to use gaze control to play online games and take part in virtual communities, new interaction techniques are needed that overcome the limitations of dwell clicking on icons in the games interface. We have investigated gaze gestures as a means of achieving this. We report the results of an experiment with 24 participants that examined performance differences between different gestures. We were able to predict the effect on performance of the numbers of legs in the gesture and the primary direction of eye movement in a gesture. We also report the outcomes of user trials in which 12 experienced gamers used the gaze gesture interface to play World of Warcraft. All participants were able to move around and engage other characters in fighting episodes successfully. Gestures were good for issuing specific commands such as spell casting, and less good for continuous control of movement compared with other gaze interaction techniques we have developed.
Clustering Based Lifetime Maximizing Aggregation Tree for Wireless Sensor Net...IJASCSE
Energy efficiency is the most important issue in all facets of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operations because of the limited and non-replenish able energy supply. The data aggregation mechanism is one of the possible solutions to prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes and on the other hand it also helps in eliminating the data redundancy and improving the accuracy of information gathering, is essential for WSNs. In this paper we propose a Clustering based lifetime maximizing aggregation tree (CLMAT) in which we create aggregation tree which aim to reduce energy consumption.
Combining forecast from different models has shown to perform better than single forecast in most time series. To improve the quality of forecast we can go for combining forecast. We study the effect of decomposing a series into multiple components and performing forecasts on each component separately... The original series is decomposed into trend, seasonality and an irregular component for each series. The statistical methods such as ARIMA, Holt-Winter have been used to forecast these components. In this paper we focus on how the best models of one series can be applied to similar frequency pattern series for forecasting using association mining. The proposed method forecasted value has been compared with Holt Winter method and shown that the results are better than Holt Winter method
Independent Component Analysis for Filtering Airwaves in Seabed Logging Appli...IJASCSE
Marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) sensing method used for the detection of hydrocarbons based reservoirs in seabed logging application does not perform well due to the presence of the airwaves (or sea-surface). These airwaves interfere with the signal from the subsurface, as a result masks the receiver response at larger offsets. The task is to identify these air waves and the way they interact, and to filter them out. In this paper, a popular method for counteracting with the above stated problem scenario is Independent Component Analysis (ICA). Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical method for transforming an observed multidimensional or multivariate dataset into its constituent components (sources) that are statistically as independent from each other as possible. ICA-type de-convolution algorithm that is FASTICA is considered for mixed signals de-convolution and considered convenient depending upon the nature of the source and noise model. The results from the FASTICA algorithm are shown and evaluated. In this paper, we present the FASTICA algorithm for the seabed logging application.
Innovative Analytic and Holistic Combined Face Recognition and Verification M...ijbuiiir1
Automatic recognition and verification of human faces is a significant problem in the development and application of Human Computer Interaction (HCI).In addition, the demand for reliable personal identification in computerized access control has resulted in an increased interest in biometrics to replace password and identification (ID) card. Over the last couple of years, face recognition researchers have been developing new techniques fuelled by the advances in computer vision techniques, Design of computers, sensors and in fast emerging face recognition systems. In this paper, a Face Recognition and Verification System has been designed which is robust to variations of illumination, pose and facial expression but very sensitive to variations of the features of the face. This design reckons in the holistic or global as well as the analyticor geometric features of the face of the human beings. The global structure of the human face is analysed by Principal Component Analysis while the features of the local structure are computed considering the geometric features of the face such as the eyes, nose and the mouth. The extracted local features of the face are trained and later tested using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This combined approach of the global and the local structure of the face image is proved very effective in the system we have designed as it has a correct recognition rate of over 90%.
Face recognition is a widely used biometric approach. Face recognition technology has developed rapidly
in recent years and it is more direct, user friendly and convenient compared to other methods. But face
recognition systems are vulnerable to spoof attacks made by non-real faces. It is an easy way to spoof face
recognition systems by facial pictures such as portrait photographs. A secure system needs Liveness
detection in order to guard against such spoofing. In this work, face liveness detection approaches are
categorized based on the various types techniques used for liveness detection. This categorization helps
understanding different spoof attacks scenarios and their relation to the developed solutions. A review of
the latest works regarding face liveness detection works is presented. The main aim is to provide a simple
path for the future development of novel and more secured face liveness detection approach.
Abstract: Face Recognition appears to be an integral part in human-computer interfaces and eservices. To carry out security and fault tolerance various Image Processing techniques have been incorporated using ‘Curse of Dimensionality’ that refers to Classifying a pattern with high dimensions that requires a large number of training data. A face recognition & Detection system is a computer-driven application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from still or video image. It does that by comparing selected facial features in the live image and a facial database where the system returns a possible list of faces corresponding to training samples from the database. The nodal points are measured creating a numerical code, called a faceprint, representing the face in the database. Relatively many techniques are used. Image processing technique has been implemented using Feature extraction by Gabor Filters and database training data using Neural Networks. Multiscale resolution and matrix sampling is efficiently performed using this technique.
Keywords: Image Processing techniques, Curse of Dimensionality, Faceprint, Feature extraction, Gabor Filters, Neural Networks.
Title: Face Recognition & Detection Using Image Processing
Author: Chandani Sharma
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology (IJRRMCSIT)
Paper Publications
Abstract: Face Recognition appears to be an integral part in human-computer interfaces and eservices. To carry out security and fault tolerance various Image Processing techniques have been incorporated using ‘Curse of Dimensionality’ that refers to Classifying a pattern with high dimensions that requires a large number of training data. A face recognition & Detection system is a computer-driven application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from still or video image. It does that by comparing selected facial features in the live image and a facial database where the system returns a possible list of faces corresponding to training samples from the database. The nodal points are measured creating a numerical code, called a faceprint, representing the face in the database. Relatively many techniques are used. Image processing technique has been implemented using Feature extraction by Gabor Filters and database training data using Neural Networks. Multiscale resolution and matrix sampling is efficiently performed using this technique.
Keywords: Image Processing techniques, Curse of Dimensionality, Faceprint, Feature extraction, Gabor Filters, Neural Networks.
AI Therapist – Emotion Detection using Facial Detection and Recognition and S...ijtsrd
This paper presents an integrated system for emotion detection using facial detection and recognition. we have taken into account the fact that emotions are most widely represented with eyes and mouth expressions. In this research effort, we implement a general convolutional neural network CNN building framework for designing real time CNNs. We validate our models by creating a real time vision system that accomplishes the tasks of face detection, emotion classification, and generating the content according to the emotion or mood of the person simultaneously in one blended step using our proposed CNN architecture. Our proposed model consisted of modules such as image processing, Feature extraction, feature classification, and recommendation process. The images used in the experiment are pre processed with various image processing methods like canny edge detection, histogram equalization, fit ellipse, and FER dataset is mediated for conducting the experiments. With a trained profile that can be updated flexibly, a user can detect his her behavior on a real time basis. It utilizes the state of the art of face detection and recognition algorithms. Sanket Godbole | Jaivardhan Shelke "AI Therapist – Emotion Detection using Facial Detection and Recognition & Showing Content According to Emotions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33267.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/33267/ai-therapist-–-emotion-detection-using-facial-detection-and-recognition-and-showing-content-according-to-emotions/sanket-godbole
A revolution in computer interface design is changing the way we think about computers. Rather than typing on a keyboard and watching a television monitor, Augmented Reality lets people use familiar, everyday objects in ordinary ways. A revolution in computer interface design is changing the way we think about computers. Rather than typing on a keyboard and watching a television monitor, Augmented Reality lets people use familiar, everyday objects in ordinary ways. This paper surveys the field of Augmented Reality, in which 3-D virtual objects are integrated into a 3-D real environment in real time. It describes the medical, manufacturing, visualization, path planning, entertainment and military applications that have been explored. This paper describes the characteristics of Augmented Reality systems. Registration and sensing errors are two of the biggest problems in building effective Augmented Reality systems, so this paper throws light on problems. Future directions and areas requiring further research are discussed. This survey provides a starting point for anyone interested in researching or using Augmented Reality.
Fake Multi Biometric Detection using Image Quality Assessmentijsrd.com
In the recent era where technology plays a prominent role, persons can be identified (for security reasons) based on their behavioral and physiological characteristics (for example fingerprint, face, iris, key-stroke, signature, voice, etc.) through a computer system called the biometric system. In these kinds of systems the security is still a question mark because of various intruders and attacks. This problem can be solved by improving the security using some efficient algorithms available. Hence the fake person can be identified if he/she uses any synthetic sample of an authenticated person and a fake person who is trying to forge can be identified and authenticated.
Scale Invariant Feature Transform Based Face Recognition from a Single Sample...ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Lecture 1, 2 - An Introduction ot Computer VisionAksam Iftikhar
Introduction to Computer Vision
This is a simple introduction to computer vision along with important and significant applications of computer vision in real-life.
One of the least complex method for recognizing individual character is by taking a gander at the face. Face Recognition is a kind of Personal Identification System that utilizes an individual's very own characteristics to decide their character. The Facial Expressions likewise convey rich data about human relations, feelings and assume a fundamental part in human correspondence. Programmed Face Detection and Expression Recognition had been concentrated on worldwide in most recent twenty years, which has turned into the exceptionally dynamic examination region in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. The necessity for Automatic Recognition and Surveillance Systems, the interest in human visual framework on face acknowledgment, and the plan of human-PC connection point are a portion of the causes. Face Detection can be applied for a wide assortment of issues like Image and Film Processing, Human-Computer Interaction, Criminal Identification, Image Database Management and so on.
Enhanced Performance of Search Engine with Multitype Feature Co-Selection of ...IJASCSE
Information world meet many confronts nowadays and one such, is data retrieval from a multidimensional and heterogeneous data set. Han & et al carried out a trail for the mentioned challenge. A novel feature co-selection for web document clustering is proposed by them, which is called Multitype Features Co-selection for Clustering (MFCC). MFCC uses intermediate clustering results in one type of feature space to help the selection in other types of feature spaces. It reduces effectively of the noise introduced by “pseudoclass” and further improves clustering performance. This efficiency also can be used in data retrieval, by implementing the MFCC algorithm in ranking algorithm of Search Engine technique. The proposed work is to apply the MFCC algorithm in search engine architecture. Such that the information retrieves from the dataset is retrieved effectively and shows the relevant retrieval.
Improving Utilization of Infrastructure CloudIJASCSE
A key advantage of Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud is providing users on-demand access to resources. However, to provide on-demand access, cloud providers must either significantly overprovision their infrastructure (or pay a high price for operating resources with low utilization) or reject a large proportion of user requests (in which case the access is no longer on-demand). At the same time, not all users require truly on-demand access to resources. Many applications and workflows are designed for recoverable systems where interruptions in service are expected. For instance, many scientists utilize High Throughput Computing (HTC)-enabled resources, such as Condor, where jobs are dispatched to available resources and terminated when the resource is no longer available. We propose a cloud infrastructure that combines on-demand allocation of resources with opportunistic provisioning of cycles from idle cloud nodes to other processes by deploying backfill Virtual Machines (VMs).
Four Side Distance: A New Fourier Shape SignatureIJASCSE
Shape is one of the main features in content based image retrieval (CBIR). This paper proposes a new shape signature. In this technique, features of each shape are extracted based on four sides of the rectangle that covers the shape. The proposed technique is Fourier based and it is invariant to translation, scaling and rotation. The retrieval performance between some commonly used Fourier based signatures and the proposed four sides distance (FSD) signature has been tested using MPEG-7 database. Experimental results are shown that the FSD signature has better performance compared with those signatures.
Theoretical study of axially compressed Cold Formed Steel SectionsIJASCSE
Conceptual and finite element analysis oriented design of cold formed steel columns are presented in this paper. Total four 1 meter channel lipped section with thickness of 1, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.9 are tested. All columns were tested under a pure axial load, Conceptual design results are compared with finite element analysis for axially loaded compression members. The results provide useful information regarding allowable load estimation of cold formed steel column section. Based on the results, design recommendations were proposed. The proposed design approach is recommended for the design of complex shape of cold formed steel section, where design rules are not available in standards.
Improved Performance of Unsupervised Method by Renovated K-MeansIJASCSE
Clustering is a separation of data into groups of similar objects. Every group called cluster consists of objects that are similar to one another and dissimilar to objects of other groups. In this paper, the K-Means algorithm is implemented by three distance functions and to identify the optimal distance function for clustering methods. The proposed K-Means algorithm is compared with K-Means, Static Weighted K-Means (SWK-Means) and Dynamic Weighted K-Means (DWK-Means) algorithm by using Davis Bouldin index, Execution Time and Iteration count methods. Experimental results show that the proposed K-Means algorithm performed better on Iris and Wine dataset when compared with other three clustering methods.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Computer Games in Teaching and LearningIJASCSE
Games, especially computer games are becoming one of the tools of education. Nowadays, the usage of computer games as an educational tool has become a worldwide trend. An early assumption suggests that since the appeal of computer games can engage interest and motivation, thus it is a wise step to use computer games for the purpose of educating. This is because students often get bored with the learning process; therefore we need to find creative ways to teach them. Instead of the usual, dull lesson in class, educators are trying out new ways to attract the interest of students to focus the lessons and thus increase their understanding, with one of it using computer games. A lot of papers supported the idea of computer games being effective as an aid for students. Educators alike also agreed that it is one of the ways to gain students interest in their lessons. Before coming to the ultimate conclusion that computer games are a good choice, first of all we need to study carefully the effectiveness of using computer games as an educational medium. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of computer games in learning among students. Issues on the integration of computer games in formal education are and the current status of educational gaming in learning were reviewed in this paper. We focused on higher learning context which is for university students.
Design Equation for CFRP strengthened Cold Formed Steel Channel Column SectionsIJASCSE
Carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP) strengthened steel structural members such as beams, columns and bridge decks have become progressively popular as a result of extensive studies in this field. This paper presents the recent developments in CFRP strengthened steel channel sections and proposed conceptual model for prediction of column strength under pure axial loads per Indian standards-IS801-1975 and Euro code 3(EC 3)standards . Eight cold-formed steel circular lipped channel section columns with externally bonded CFRP were tested under pure axial compression. IS801/EC3 proposed methods were compared with experimental results. The results show that the proposed method gives around 11 percent increase in strength due to CFRP.
A Study on Thermal behavior of Nano film as thermal interface layerIJASCSE
Increase in thermal design power and re-duce in manufacturing cost of the processor chip has pushes the need for high performance and durable test fixture design in future. Test fixture with efficient themal management has lowest resistance possible to maintain the accuracy of the device temperature when it makes contact with processor chip’s silicon during test. High thermal conductivity and mechanical relia-bility of text fixures are desired for high volume test environment. Nano film materials such as Aluminum Titanium Nitride (AlTiN), Titanium carbide (TiC), Ti-tanium on Titanium nitride (Ti on TiN), Titanium ni-tride on Titanium (TiN on Ti) and Aluminum(III) Ox-ide (Al2O3) are coated over copper substrates by Fil-tered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FCVA) deposition method and tested for their thermal conductivity behavior for high volume test (HVM) environment. Thermal con-ductivity of the prepared films is tested by using the ASTM 5470 Thermal Interface Material (TIM) Tester. Titanium on Titanium nitride (Ti on TiN) and Alumi-num (III) Oxide (Al2O3) observed with highest thermal conductivity of 117.68 W/mk and 128.34 W/mk respec-tively among the prepared nano thin films. Thickness of the film and stack configuration influenced the thermal conductivity of the prepared film.
Investigation of Integrated Rectangular SIW Filter and Rectangular Microstrip...IJASCSE
This paper presents an investigation based on the resonant circuit approach to characterize an integrated microwave filter and antenna from a lumped element prototype. This approach is used to design an integrated filter and antenna to reduce the overall size of the physical dimensions of the RF/microwave front-end subsystem. This study focuses on the integration of a rectangular Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) filter with a rectangular microstrip patch antenna to produce a filtering and radiating element in a single device. The physical layouts of the SIW filter and rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on single- and dual-mode will be developed. To prove the concept, the integrated microwave filter and antenna at a center frequency of 2 GHz is demonstrated and validated through simulation and laboratory experiments. The experimental performance yielded promising results that were in good agreement with the simulated results. This study is beneficial for microwave systems, given that the reduction of the complexity of design and physical dimension as well as cost are important for applications such as base stations and multiplexers in wireless communication systems.
Analysis and Design of Lead Salt PbSe/PbSrSe Single Quantum Well In the Infra...IJASCSE
There is a considerable interest in studying the energy spectrum changes due to the non parabolic energy band structure in nano structures and nano material semiconductors. Most material systems have parabolic band structures at the band edge, however away from the band edge the bands are strongly non parabolic. Other material systems are strongly parabolic at the band edge such as IV-VI lead salt semiconductors. A theoretical model was developed to conduct this study on PbSe/Pb 0.934 Sr0.066 Se nanostructure system in the infrared region. Moreover, we studied the effects of four temperatures on the analysis and design of this system. It will be shown that the total losses for the system are higher than the modal gain values for lasing to occur and multiple quantum well structures are a better design choice.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A NOVAL ARTECHTURE FOR 3D MODEL IN VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES FROM FACE DETECTION
1. IJASCSE, Vol 1, Issue 2, 2012
Sept. 30
A NOVAL ARTECHTURE FOR 3D MODEL IN VIRTUAL
COMMUNITIES FROM FACE DETECTION
Vibekananda Dutta Dr. Nishtha Kesswani Deepti Gahalot
Central University of Rajasthan Central University of Rajasthan Govt.Engineering College
Kishangarh, India Kishangarh, India Ajmer, India
ABSTRACT: embodiment in cyberspace [1]. Virtual
worlds are also extremely attractive for the
Towards next generation, Criminal activity run-of the-mill criminals interested in
in virtual worlds is becoming a major conducting identity theft, fraud, tax
evasion, illegal gambling and other
problem for law enforcement agencies.
traditional crimes. In the virtual world
Virtual communities such as Second Life increasingly populated by non-biological
will be quickly becoming the next frontier characters there are just no existing
of cybercrime. Even now a day’s Forensic techniques for identity verification of
investigators are becoming interested in intelligent entities other then self-
being able to accurately and automatically identification.
Artimetrics, which is defined as the
track people in virtual communities.
science of recognition, detection and
Mostly in the multimedia context, an verification of intelligent software agents
avatar is the visual representation of the and industrial robots and other non-
self in a virtual world. In this research biological entities aims to address this
paper we suggest how to extract a face problem. This future oriented sub-field of
from an image, modify it, characterize it in security has broad applications in this
terms of high-level properties, and apply it virtual world [2]. Artificially Intelligent
programs are quickly becoming a part of
to the creation of a personalized avatar. In
our daily life. In this paper we suggest
this research work we tested, we utilization of face detection systems and
implemented the algorithm on several development of novel face recognition
hundred facial images, including many algorithms for face-based avatar creation.
taken under uncontrolled acquisition
conditions, and found to exhibit 2. FACE RECOGNITION
satisfactory performance for immediate
practical use. 2.1 HUMAN FACE RECOGNITION PROCESS
GENERAL TERMS: Avatar, Virtual world, Human faces have similarities and
Human face, Matching, Images, Criminal differences. They have a consistent
Activity. structure and location of facial
KEYWORDS: Virtual world; avatar; face components (i.e. the relationship among
recognition algorithm; local image eyes, nose, etc.). In human face
features; Artimetrics; Dataset. recognition where we have four stages [5]:
1. INTRODUCTION: a) Acquiring a sample: In a
complete, full implemented biometric
system, a sensor takes an observation.
The term avatar, which refers to The sensor might be a camera and the
the temporary body a god inhabits while observation is a snapshot picture. In our
visiting earth. In virtual communities, it system, a sensor will be ignored, and a 2D
now describes the user’s visual
1|Page
2. IJASCSE, Vol 1, Issue 2, 2012
Sept. 30
case, the intervention of a human operator
will be required in order to select the best
or 3D face picture “observation” will fit from the candidate list. An illustrative
supplied manually. analogy is that of a walk-through metal
detector, where if a person causes the 7
b) Extracting Features: For this step, the detector to beep, a human operator steps
relevant data is extracted from the in and checks the person manually or with
predefined captured sample. This is can a hand-held detector.
be done by the use of software where
many algorithms are available. The 2.2 HUMAN FACE RECOGNITION
outcome of this step is a biometric TECHNIQUES
template which is a reduced set of data
that represents the unique features of the All available face recognition
enrolled user's face. techniques can be classified into four
c) Comparison Templates: This categories based on the way they
depends on the application at hand. For represent face [7];
identification purposes, this step will be a 1. Appearance based which uses holistic
comparison between a given picture for texture features.
the subject and all the biometric templates 2. Model based which employ shape and
stored on a database. For verification, the texture of the face, along with 3D depth
biometric template of the claimed identity information.
will be retrieved (either from a database or 3. Template based face recognition.
a storage medium presented by the 4. Techniques using Neural Networks.
subject) and this will be compared to a
given picture.
d) Declaring a Match: The face
recognition system will return a candidate
match list of potential matches. In this
Figure 1: Classification of Face Recognition Methods
3.AVATAR GENERATION FROM strong discrimination between identities
FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM (see Fig. 2).
Avatar and human faces have similarities
and differences. Both have a consistent
structure and location of facial
components (i.e. the relationship among
eyes, nose, etc.). These similarities gives
idea of an avatar face recognition
framework designed in the same manner
as human Face Recognition systems.
Avatar faces span a wider range of colors
than human faces, and the colors provide
2|Page
3. IJASCSE, Vol 1, Issue 2, 2012
Sept. 30
feature based extraction packaged with
OpenGL & MatLab [8].
B. Face Representation
In order to match two faces in
Avatar face recognition, we represent the
face in a metric space by first computing a
set of local feature descriptors across the
face region. Two separate feature
descriptors are used to describe (i) the
structure of the face, and (ii) the
appearance properties of the face. For
computing the local descriptors, the
Figure2: Examples of the different normalized face image is divided into an
subjects in the Second Life avatar ordered set of N overlapping square
dataset. Each image corresponds to patches Pi, i = 1.... N, each of size Sp x Sp
one of the different pose sets. In our ,Sp = 32. For each patch Pi two feature
matching experiments, the frontal vectors are extracted: one describing the
image from group A was used as the appearance (Ai € Rda), and the other
gallery image. The remaining sets were describing the structure (Ai € Rds) [9, 10],
all used as probe images Computing features across a set of
overlapping patches allows for salient
We propose an algorithm for avatar descriptions at specific locations of the
generation from face recognition that face that is robust to variations in
follows the same procedures as standard geometric normalization.
face recognition systems [6], consisting of
three stages: C. Matching
1. Face detection and image normalization
2. Face representation For a given avatar face, we have
3. Matching and two sets of vectors Si and Ai, i = 1..... N,
In the last step which we proposed an where N is the number of face is patches.
Avatar generation system which produced To determine an avatar's identity, we first
Avatar faces of that detected faces. concatenate the set of local (patch)
descriptors into a single feature vector of
length Nds and Nda, respectively for Si
A. Face Detection and Image
and Sa. The concatenated feature vectors
Normalization
are represented as Sj and Aj for the j-th
In a virtual world, real-time face detection avatar subject. The distance between two
will detect the presence of an avatar faces corresponding to images mp and mj
subject with a frontal to near-frontal face in computed using cosine correlation
the field of view [9]. Similar to traditional similarity measure given by [11]:
face recognition, once an
avatar face is detected it must be pre-
m tp m j
cos m p , m j
processed by performing both geometric
and color normalization in order to reduce (1)
mp mj
variations caused by external parameters
such as camera location and illumination.
Similarity between two labelled graphs is
We found a method to work with similar the average of this vector similarity over
effectiveness on avatar faces. We corresponding nodes of the facial graph.
explored the use of (i) a Morphable feature This is essentially a measure of the filter
based extraction for trained on avatar response amplitude at corresponding
faces, and (ii) the default Morphable
3|Page
4. IJASCSE, Vol 1, Issue 2, 2012
Sept. 30
spatial frequency, orientation, and position
on the grid. 4. EXPERIMENT AND
D. An Avatar Generation System
DISCUSSION
An avatar creation system which we
consider to be desirable is the ability to a) Data
embody some intelligence about the face
being processed. An automatic semantic For the purpose of 3D-model of
analysis of the face into facial categories facial generation, various type of
empowers the system to generate virtual world and 3D-model creation
intelligent suggestions of avatar body type softwer were consider based on the
[3]. An important design feature of the use of this research work,
Avatar Creation system is rapidity of uses. including[12].
In a few seconds a user’s picture is 1. Ability to view the 3D-
filtered, the region containing the face is model facial from different
extracted from the image and registered angles.
with an adaptable grid, facial attributes are 2. Selecting the constructing
classified and semantic labels attached to facial feature in generation
the face and finally the system suggests new ages faces.
an interesting looking avatar body to the 3. Mutable attributes to 3D
user. facial features.
b) Result
The images of 100 persons with
Image capture different angles makes the number
of images near about 800-900
Input image
images, where we grouped those
images in to 3 datasets each of
which near about 300 images using
Morphable model based template
matching technique for face
recognition. Where we first detect
the images then from that detected
images we generate the 3D-model of
facial character.
Table: Performance comparison
of different dataset with avatar
generation system
Converted to converted to Set Number 3D Avatar
Reshaping Images Image Manipulation using of Morphable Generation
Greyscale Binary image
template matching for recognition Images Template from that
Matching detected
Technique faces
using GIF
animator
software
Avatar Creation of that detected face
Using Avatar generation system A 300 80.8% 84%
B 270 89.2% 91%
Figure 2: Functional modules of the C 281 72.9% 81%
Avatar generation system
4|Page
5. IJASCSE, Vol 1, Issue 2, 2012
Sept. 30
worlds populated by both human and
artificial entities [15].
Using Morphable model based face
recognition [14], a Rank-1 accuracy of
97.58% was achieved. Testing the 6. ACKNOWLWDGEMENT
prototype avatar system proposed on this
dataset was not warranted because: (i) A We would like to express our appreciation to
Morphable based face matcher already “CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN”
achieves a very high accuracy, and (ii) the for the anonymous referees of the original
proposed system is designed to match datasets for the constructive comments they
images to avatars using less realistic made. We would further like to express our
pleasure to Mr. KRISHNA KUMAR SHARMA
renderings, such as those in Second Life.
for giving us such opportunity to work with him
These results are reported because it is in this area.
useful to know that current face
recognition technology appears to be
sufficiently accurate in the 3D model
architecture, when the 3D-model is
REFERENCES
rendered using advanced software
programming such as openGL.
[1] B. Damer. Avatars! Exploring and
Building Virtual Worlds on the Internet.
Peachpit Press,
310 Berkeley, 1997.
3D
300 Morphable
Template [2] O'Harrow, R., Spies' Battleground
290 Turns Virtual, in The Washington Post.
Matching
280 Technique February 6, 2008: Available at:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/
270 Number of content/article/2008/02/05/AR2008020503
Images
260 144.html.
250 [3] Yampolskiy, R. V. and V. Govindaraju
1 2 3 (2008). Behavioral Biometrics for
Verification and Recognition of Malicious
Figure 3: Graphical representation Software Agents. Sensors, and
of comparison in different dataset Command, Control, Communications, and
Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for
5 CONCLUSIONS Homeland Security and Homeland
Defense VII. Orlando, Florida.
This Research paper addressed the
problem of generating the 3D-model faces [4] S.Inoue, M. Ishiwaka, S. Tanaka. & J.
from face recognition system. We have Park. An image Expression Room. IEEE
reported results of experiments aimed Proceedings of
towards the Potential directions for future the International Conference on Virtual
research include the investigation of other Systems and Multimedia VSMM 97 p.181,
visual and behavioural approaches to 1997.
virtual world security based on
appearance of new characteristics and
abilities in the 3D-model. As virtual reality [5] Statistics in Face Recognition:
technology progresses day by day and Analyzing Probability Distributions of PCA,
criminal activity become the major ICA and LDA Performance Results
problem, so it will require new security Kresimir Delac 1, Mislav Grgic 2 and
solutions for identity management across Sonja Grgic 2 1 Croatian Telecom, Savska
32, Zagreb, Croatia, e-mail:
5|Page
6. IJASCSE, Vol 1, Issue 2, 2012
Sept. 30
kdelac@ieee.org 2 University of Zagreb,
FER, Unska 3/XII, Zagreb, Croatia
[6] Lyons, M., et al., Avatar Creation
using Automatic Face Recognition, in
ACM Multimedia 98. Sept. 1998: Bristol,
England. p. 427-434.
[7] Evaluation of Face Recognition
Techniques for Application to Facebook,
Brian C. Becker Carnegie Mellon Univ
5000 Forbes Av Pittsburgh, PA 152
briancbecker@cmu.
[8] Open source graphical library and
math works library.
[9] Viola, P. and M.J. Jones, Robust
real-time face detection. Int. Journal of
Computer Vision, 2004. 57: p. 137-154.
[10] Ahonen, T., A. Hadid, and M.
Pietikainen, Face description with local
binary patterns: Application to face
recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis
and Machine Intelligence, 2006. 28: p.
2037- 2041
[11] Ojala, T., M. Pietikainen, and T.
Maenpaa, Multiresolution grayscale and
rotation invariant texture classification with
local binary patterns. IEEE Trans. Pattern
Analysis & Machine Intelligence, 2002. 24:
p. 971-987.
[12] Oursler, J.N., M. Price, and R.V.
Yampolskiy, Parameterized Generation of
Avatar Face Dataset, in 14th
InternationalConference on Computer
Games: AI, Animation, Mobile, Interactive
Multimedia, Educational & Serious
Games. 2009: Louisville, KY.
6|Page