A New Way of Interplanetary Transport
•Download as PPT, PDF•
1 like•359 views
This document proposes a new way of interplanetary transport using ion thrusters powered by palladium-hydride and superconducting technology. Some key points: 1) Current chemical rockets provide low speeds, requiring enormous fuel supplies for interplanetary travel. Ion thrusters offer higher speeds but need an external power source. 2) The design replaces xenon propellant with hydrogen stored in palladium-hydride, which serves as the propellant tank, ionization chamber, and positive electrode. 3) When superconducting, palladium-hydride can store and channel huge vortex currents for power and acceleration, potentially reaching relativistic speeds and magnetic sail propulsion. This radically increases attain
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
IRJET - Electric Propulsion System – Ion Thruster
This document provides an overview of ion thrusters as an electric propulsion system. Ion thrusters ionize and accelerate ions, typically xenon, to produce thrust. They are much more fuel efficient than chemical rockets, requiring only kilowatts of power, but produce very small thrust. However, their high efficiency and ability to provide continuous, low-thrust acceleration over long periods makes them well-suited for missions requiring precise station keeping or interplanetary travel. Examples of ion thrusters discussed include NASA's NSTAR and NEXT systems. NSTAR was used successfully on the Deep Space 1 mission in 1998.
Ion thruster
The document discusses ion thrusters, which are electrically powered spacecraft propulsion systems that use ions to generate thrust. Ion thrusters work by ionizing propellant, accelerating the ions using electric fields, and then neutralizing the ion beam. They have characteristics like high specific impulse but low spacecraft acceleration. The document provides details on the mechanisms and operation of ion thrusters, and notes their importance for space navigation, where development and testing are ongoing.
Mhd propulsion thruster (2)
The document discusses the Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) propulsion thruster. The MHD thruster generates propulsion by sending an electric current through a magnetic field created in sea water by superconducting magnets. This creates a Lorentz force on the water perpendicular to both the magnetic field and electric current directions, providing propulsion. The first superconducting MHD ship, Yamato 1, is described which used this technique without rotating components. The MHD thruster offers advantages like lack of moving parts and zero emissions making it promising for future ship propulsion.
analysis of magneto hydrodynamic propulsions by using various materials
This document discusses propulsion using magneto hydrodynamics with various materials. It begins with an introduction to magneto hydrodynamics and defines it as the study of electrically conducting fluids in magnetic and electric fields. It then covers the principles and methodology, features, advantages, and disadvantages of MHD. Applications are also mentioned, such as using MHD generators for power production and in submarines, aircraft, rockets, and power plants due to benefits like high efficiency, reliability, and ability to rapidly start up. Costs are estimated for building an MHD propulsion system and challenges are noted around needing high-purity materials and risks of corrosion and power losses at high temperatures.
Eupvsec Poster Final
The document proposes using hydrogen generated from solar-powered electrolysis of seawater as an alternative fuel for marine vessel propulsion. A 93kW photovoltaic array could generate up to 484kWh of energy daily to power hydrogen production via electrolysis. Hydrogen would be stored in compressed gas tanks and used to power the vessel's engines, providing propulsion for over a week. This approach could address limitations of battery-only systems by allowing longer trips at a lower cost per ton-mile than lithium-ion batteries.
Unit iv power from renewable energy
This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including hydroelectric, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, and fuel cell power systems. It provides details on the key components and working principles of each type of system. For hydroelectric power, it describes the main components like dams, water reservoirs, turbines and generators. It also discusses different types of hydroelectric plants based on water storage. For wind power, it explains how wind turbines work to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy. It provides information on components of wind turbines and the different types of wind turbine designs. The document also summarizes tidal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, biogas and fuel cell power systems and their working mechanisms.
Unit iii nuclear power plants
The document provides information on the components and operation of nuclear power plants. It discusses the key elements which include nuclear fuel, moderators, control rods, shielding, coolants and the turbines. It describes the major types of reactors - boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, CANDU reactors, fast breeder reactors, gas cooled reactors and liquid metal cooled reactors. It also outlines the safety systems that protect nuclear power plants, such as the reactor protection system, control rods, emergency core cooling system and ventilation systems to control radiation exposure.
Lecture ii solid state laser nd yag laser
This document summarizes a lecture on the Nd:YAG solid state laser. It discusses that the Nd:YAG laser was developed in 1964 and uses a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal as the active medium. The crystal is optically pumped using a flashlamp and the ends of the rod form an optical resonator. The Nd:YAG laser operates as a four-level laser system with advantages of high energy output and repetition rate. Applications include range finding, welding, medicine, and nonlinear optics.
Recommended
IRJET - Electric Propulsion System – Ion Thruster
This document provides an overview of ion thrusters as an electric propulsion system. Ion thrusters ionize and accelerate ions, typically xenon, to produce thrust. They are much more fuel efficient than chemical rockets, requiring only kilowatts of power, but produce very small thrust. However, their high efficiency and ability to provide continuous, low-thrust acceleration over long periods makes them well-suited for missions requiring precise station keeping or interplanetary travel. Examples of ion thrusters discussed include NASA's NSTAR and NEXT systems. NSTAR was used successfully on the Deep Space 1 mission in 1998.
Ion thruster
The document discusses ion thrusters, which are electrically powered spacecraft propulsion systems that use ions to generate thrust. Ion thrusters work by ionizing propellant, accelerating the ions using electric fields, and then neutralizing the ion beam. They have characteristics like high specific impulse but low spacecraft acceleration. The document provides details on the mechanisms and operation of ion thrusters, and notes their importance for space navigation, where development and testing are ongoing.
Mhd propulsion thruster (2)
The document discusses the Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) propulsion thruster. The MHD thruster generates propulsion by sending an electric current through a magnetic field created in sea water by superconducting magnets. This creates a Lorentz force on the water perpendicular to both the magnetic field and electric current directions, providing propulsion. The first superconducting MHD ship, Yamato 1, is described which used this technique without rotating components. The MHD thruster offers advantages like lack of moving parts and zero emissions making it promising for future ship propulsion.
analysis of magneto hydrodynamic propulsions by using various materials
This document discusses propulsion using magneto hydrodynamics with various materials. It begins with an introduction to magneto hydrodynamics and defines it as the study of electrically conducting fluids in magnetic and electric fields. It then covers the principles and methodology, features, advantages, and disadvantages of MHD. Applications are also mentioned, such as using MHD generators for power production and in submarines, aircraft, rockets, and power plants due to benefits like high efficiency, reliability, and ability to rapidly start up. Costs are estimated for building an MHD propulsion system and challenges are noted around needing high-purity materials and risks of corrosion and power losses at high temperatures.
Eupvsec Poster Final
The document proposes using hydrogen generated from solar-powered electrolysis of seawater as an alternative fuel for marine vessel propulsion. A 93kW photovoltaic array could generate up to 484kWh of energy daily to power hydrogen production via electrolysis. Hydrogen would be stored in compressed gas tanks and used to power the vessel's engines, providing propulsion for over a week. This approach could address limitations of battery-only systems by allowing longer trips at a lower cost per ton-mile than lithium-ion batteries.
Unit iv power from renewable energy
This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including hydroelectric, wind, solar, tidal, geothermal, and fuel cell power systems. It provides details on the key components and working principles of each type of system. For hydroelectric power, it describes the main components like dams, water reservoirs, turbines and generators. It also discusses different types of hydroelectric plants based on water storage. For wind power, it explains how wind turbines work to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy. It provides information on components of wind turbines and the different types of wind turbine designs. The document also summarizes tidal, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal, biogas and fuel cell power systems and their working mechanisms.
Unit iii nuclear power plants
The document provides information on the components and operation of nuclear power plants. It discusses the key elements which include nuclear fuel, moderators, control rods, shielding, coolants and the turbines. It describes the major types of reactors - boiling water reactors, pressurized water reactors, CANDU reactors, fast breeder reactors, gas cooled reactors and liquid metal cooled reactors. It also outlines the safety systems that protect nuclear power plants, such as the reactor protection system, control rods, emergency core cooling system and ventilation systems to control radiation exposure.
Lecture ii solid state laser nd yag laser
This document summarizes a lecture on the Nd:YAG solid state laser. It discusses that the Nd:YAG laser was developed in 1964 and uses a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal as the active medium. The crystal is optically pumped using a flashlamp and the ends of the rod form an optical resonator. The Nd:YAG laser operates as a four-level laser system with advantages of high energy output and repetition rate. Applications include range finding, welding, medicine, and nonlinear optics.
Lecture I Solid State Laser Ruby Laser
This lecture briefly describes the construction and working of the Ruby LASER, the first laser system.
Design and Assembly of an Economically-viable Near-Earth Asteroid Mining Robot
Presented in 2005
Outer space is a dangerous environment for humans to explore. However, unmanned spacecraft, the workhorses of NASA’s current space program, can travel through space with relative ease. By constructing an advanced robotic mining craft using a combination of current and easily obtained future technologies, a mining expedition could be made to one of Earth’s nearest neighbors, a near-Earth asteroid. Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) come in all shapes and in all varieties, which makes choosing the proper asteroid to mine a nontrivial affair: considerations must be made of asteroidal orbit, size, and composition. In addition, once the asteroid is reached by the mining craft, the physical and chemical act of mining an asteroid in deep space, far from places where “normal” conditions like gravity and an oxygenated atmosphere prevail, is substantially difficult; each mining implement, procedure, and storage technique must be chosen precisely. After the completion of the first mining mission, the mining craft will return to Earth orbit where it will transfer its precious cargo of ferrous metals, rarer-metals, and volatile gasses to an awaiting orbital station, thus avoiding any further need to launch minerals from Earth, which is extremely expensive. As a result of the asteroid mining and resource gathering operation, the National Aeronautics and Space Association will be able to expand the number of its deep-space operations exponentially.
The advantages of different types of propellants
This document discusses and compares the four main types of chemical rocket propellants: solid, liquid, gas, and hybrid. Solid propellants are easier to store but have lower performance than liquids. Liquid propellants can be throttled and restarted but are more complex. Gas propellants have low density and hybrids combine solid fuel with liquid oxidizers for benefits like throttling. In conclusion, further research on current solid and liquid fuel technologies could help commercialize spaceflight.
Spacecraft Propulsion
This seminar gives idea about spacecraft propulsion i.e., actually what are different latest modes of propulsion are used in space agency and also the introduction of combustion of propellants.
The basics of Rocket Propulsion Part 1
The document discusses rocket propulsion, focusing on the launch phase of spaceflight. It describes how rockets use liquid or solid fuel engines to accelerate spacecraft to orbital velocity within 3 minutes. Liquid-fueled engines can control thrust by regulating fuel and oxidizer flow and can be stopped and restarted, while solid-fueled engines are simpler but cannot control thrust or be stopped once ignited. Common rocket fuels include liquid hydrogen and oxygen or kerosene and oxygen for liquid engines and aluminum powder for solid boosters.
Conducting polymer based flexible super capacitors [autosaved]
Conducting polymers have potential in flexible supercapacitors due to their redox properties. Polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene are promising conducting polymers. Graphene composites with these polymers improve performance by preventing aggregation and enabling fast ion transport. Future work aims to develop ternary composites and asymmetric capacitors to further increase energy density without sacrificing power. Conducting polymers work best in asymmetric configurations using different polymers or a polymer-carbon composite to expand the operating voltage window.
Mechanical Engineering Project: Rocket Fuels
The slides prepared to aid the engineering students to prepare the project presentation on topic of Rocket Fuels. The solid rocket propulsion system is explained in detail. We acknowledge the various sources from where the presentation has been made and without whom the presentation would not have been possible.
Solid rocket propellant
as all does , i also does but google can't find ppt of solid rocket propellant.thats why i am uploading it
Uranium enrichment and extraction from ores
Uranium enrichment and extraction involves mining uranium ore from the ground, milling it to extract uranium, and then enriching the uranium to increase the percentage of the fissile U-235 isotope. This document discusses the nuclear fuel cycle and various methods used at each step, including open pit mining, in situ leaching, and milling to produce yellowcake; and enrichment methods like gaseous diffusion, gas centrifuges, and lasers to increase the U-235 concentration for use in nuclear reactors or weapons.
Seminar Report on MHD (Magneto Hydro Dynamics)
This document provides a technical seminar report on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. It discusses the working principle of MHD generators, provides a brief history of MHD, describes the different types of MHD generators (Faraday, Hall, and disc generators), and discusses how MHD generators can be integrated with conventional thermal power plants to improve efficiency. The document concludes that MHD power generation offers efficiency improvements over conventional systems and has the potential to help address growing energy demands.
Carbon nanotubes becoming economicaly feasible
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze improvements in the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for transparent electrodes and flywheels. Improvements in the transparency and cost of CNTs are enabling CNTs to replace indium tin oxide in applications such as solar cells and displays. Second, as the cost of CNTs falls through improvements in processes and increases in the scale of equipment, they will become economically feasible for flywheels. Since the energy storage density of flywheels is directly proportional to the strength to weight ration of the flywheel material, CNTs (and graphene) have potential energy storage densities that are ten times the current energy storage densities of carbon fiber-based flywheels and Li-ion batteries. This means that carbon nanotubes are an important tool in the battle against fossil-fuel dependency and global warming.
Barc
The document describes the Gamma Ray Observatory project at Mount Abu, India, run by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Some key points:
1) BARC established the TACTIC (TeV Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope) array at Mount Abu to detect and study gamma rays using the air Cherenkov technique.
2) The TACTIC array consists of 4 telescopes, each with a mirror basket holding 34 mirrors to collect Cherenkov light from gamma ray air showers.
3) Mount Abu was chosen as the site due to its high number of clear nights per year and altitude, making it suitable for gamma ray and infrared astronomy research.
Rockets Propulsion
The document discusses the principles and operation of rocket propulsion. It states that rocket propulsion relies on Newton's third law of motion and the law of conservation of momentum. It explains that rockets produce thrust by expelling hot gases from the engine at high speeds, which provides an equal and opposite reaction force that propels the rocket forward. The document also describes different types of rocket engines, propellants, and applications of rocket technology.
140120119187 2181910
This document discusses magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation directly converts heat energy into electrical energy without a conventional electric generator. It works based on Faraday's law - an electric current is generated when a conducting fluid passes through a magnetic field. There are two types of MHD systems - open cycle uses seeded inert gas while closed cycle uses liquid metal. MHD power generation has advantages like high efficiency, no moving parts, pollution-free operation, and low operational costs. However, it also has disadvantages like short equipment life due to high temperatures and technical limitations.
rocket propellent ppt
This document discusses different types of rocket propulsion systems. It describes solid, liquid, gas, and hybrid rocket propellants. Solid propellant rockets have the fuel and oxidizer pre-mixed and stored in the rocket casing. Liquid propellant rockets store the fuel and oxidizer separately and pump them into the combustion chamber. Hybrid rockets combine aspects of solid and liquid rockets. The document also discusses factors to consider when selecting rocket fuels such as physical properties, performance, economic factors, and health and safety issues.
Rocket propulsion
1) The document classifies rocket propulsion systems based on their gas acceleration mechanism, including chemical, nuclear thermal, ion, hall thruster, electrostatic, magneto-plasma dynamics, and pulsed plasma thrusters.
2) It describes different types of chemical propellants including solid (black powder, homogeneous, heterogeneous), liquid (petroleum, cryogenic, hypergolic), and hybrid propellants.
3) Cryogenic propellants like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen provide very high performance but are difficult to store, while hypergolic propellants provide easy ignition but are highly toxic.
Presentation1
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation uses electrically conducting fluids like plasmas or liquid metals flowing through magnetic fields to generate electricity. It has advantages over conventional power generation like higher efficiency and fewer moving parts. The document outlines the principles of MHD generation according to Faraday's laws of induction. It describes open-cycle and closed-cycle MHD systems and their components. Advantages are noted as higher efficiency and reliability while disadvantages include heat losses and costs of large magnets. Future prospects anticipate MHD providing 70% of electricity by 2020 with ongoing research worldwide.
Fuel cell
This document provides an overview of fuel cells, including their definition, history, applications, types, construction, function, and key information. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity in the process. Their history dates back to 1800 with early discoveries, but significant development occurred in the 20th century. Fuel cells can power vehicles, submarines, and other applications. The main types include polymer exchange membrane, solid oxide, alkaline, molten-carbonate, phosphoric-acid, and direct-methanol fuel cells. While more efficient than gas engines, challenges remain around costs, temperatures, infrastructure, and durability.
Uranium chem 320
this presentation is about uranium and its enrichment, its applications, and side effects. Detection of urea by Gieger Muller Counter.
rocket propellants
Rocket propellants can be either solid or liquid. Solid propellants store fuel and oxidizer together in a solid casing, while liquid propellants store fuel and oxidizer separately in tanks. Liquid propellants provide higher efficiency but require complex pumping systems, while solid propellants are simpler but provide lower efficiency. Rocket performance is measured by specific impulse, with higher values indicating more thrust per unit of propellant. Careful fuel measurement and propellant mixing ratios are required to achieve optimal rocket performance.
Nazca
El documento proporciona 4 tareas de tarea domiciliaria relacionadas con la cultura Nazca y precolombina en Sudamérica. Los estudiantes deben elaborar 5 dibujos de geoglifos Nazca importantes, explicar el concepto de "Horror al vacío", describir las cabezas trofeo, e identificar a María Reiche y uno de sus logros destacados.
Javascript - Fonctions : que fait ce code ?
Ce document a été conçu et utilisé sur plusieurs sessions de formation professionnelles pour développeurs logiciels.
Il présente la syntaxe du langage javascript à usage d'un public de développeurs maîtrisant déjà un langage de développement (langage C, Java, C Sharp, PHP...).
Niveau : débutant.
Séance numéro : 4/10.
Temps nécessaire à la séance : environ 1h.
Cette séance est issue d'une série de 10 séances présentant le langage javascript (niveau débutant à confirmé).
Le niveau débutant de la série se réalise en 2 jours.
La niveau confirmé se réalise en 3 jours.
Ce programme est conforme aux titres du ministère du travail :
- Développeur Logiciel
- Concepteur Développeur Informatique
Il permet de valider les modules correspondants de ces titres RNCP (compétences développement de pages web).
La méthode utilisée mélange les approches interrogatives et actives :
- à partir d'exemples de code, faire raisonner les stagiaires par raisonnement hypothético-déductif ("que fait ce code?")
- à partir de code "à trous", faire découvrir et appliquer des éléments de syntaxe (travaux pratiques "construisons ensemble")
- à partir des problèmes rencontrés, faire rechercher des solutions possibles aux problèmes soulevés par le code "énigme" ("quelles solutions?")
- à partir de code "énigme", faire vérifier l'assimilation des connaissances ("vrai ou faux?")
Inclus :
- code à trou
- grille d'évaluation
Ce document powerpoint est également disponible en marque blanche. Nous contacter via notre compte twitter @forgelogicielle.
More Related Content
What's hot
Lecture I Solid State Laser Ruby Laser
This lecture briefly describes the construction and working of the Ruby LASER, the first laser system.
Design and Assembly of an Economically-viable Near-Earth Asteroid Mining Robot
Presented in 2005
Outer space is a dangerous environment for humans to explore. However, unmanned spacecraft, the workhorses of NASA’s current space program, can travel through space with relative ease. By constructing an advanced robotic mining craft using a combination of current and easily obtained future technologies, a mining expedition could be made to one of Earth’s nearest neighbors, a near-Earth asteroid. Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs) come in all shapes and in all varieties, which makes choosing the proper asteroid to mine a nontrivial affair: considerations must be made of asteroidal orbit, size, and composition. In addition, once the asteroid is reached by the mining craft, the physical and chemical act of mining an asteroid in deep space, far from places where “normal” conditions like gravity and an oxygenated atmosphere prevail, is substantially difficult; each mining implement, procedure, and storage technique must be chosen precisely. After the completion of the first mining mission, the mining craft will return to Earth orbit where it will transfer its precious cargo of ferrous metals, rarer-metals, and volatile gasses to an awaiting orbital station, thus avoiding any further need to launch minerals from Earth, which is extremely expensive. As a result of the asteroid mining and resource gathering operation, the National Aeronautics and Space Association will be able to expand the number of its deep-space operations exponentially.
The advantages of different types of propellants
This document discusses and compares the four main types of chemical rocket propellants: solid, liquid, gas, and hybrid. Solid propellants are easier to store but have lower performance than liquids. Liquid propellants can be throttled and restarted but are more complex. Gas propellants have low density and hybrids combine solid fuel with liquid oxidizers for benefits like throttling. In conclusion, further research on current solid and liquid fuel technologies could help commercialize spaceflight.
Spacecraft Propulsion
This seminar gives idea about spacecraft propulsion i.e., actually what are different latest modes of propulsion are used in space agency and also the introduction of combustion of propellants.
The basics of Rocket Propulsion Part 1
The document discusses rocket propulsion, focusing on the launch phase of spaceflight. It describes how rockets use liquid or solid fuel engines to accelerate spacecraft to orbital velocity within 3 minutes. Liquid-fueled engines can control thrust by regulating fuel and oxidizer flow and can be stopped and restarted, while solid-fueled engines are simpler but cannot control thrust or be stopped once ignited. Common rocket fuels include liquid hydrogen and oxygen or kerosene and oxygen for liquid engines and aluminum powder for solid boosters.
Conducting polymer based flexible super capacitors [autosaved]
Conducting polymers have potential in flexible supercapacitors due to their redox properties. Polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene are promising conducting polymers. Graphene composites with these polymers improve performance by preventing aggregation and enabling fast ion transport. Future work aims to develop ternary composites and asymmetric capacitors to further increase energy density without sacrificing power. Conducting polymers work best in asymmetric configurations using different polymers or a polymer-carbon composite to expand the operating voltage window.
Mechanical Engineering Project: Rocket Fuels
The slides prepared to aid the engineering students to prepare the project presentation on topic of Rocket Fuels. The solid rocket propulsion system is explained in detail. We acknowledge the various sources from where the presentation has been made and without whom the presentation would not have been possible.
Solid rocket propellant
as all does , i also does but google can't find ppt of solid rocket propellant.thats why i am uploading it
Uranium enrichment and extraction from ores
Uranium enrichment and extraction involves mining uranium ore from the ground, milling it to extract uranium, and then enriching the uranium to increase the percentage of the fissile U-235 isotope. This document discusses the nuclear fuel cycle and various methods used at each step, including open pit mining, in situ leaching, and milling to produce yellowcake; and enrichment methods like gaseous diffusion, gas centrifuges, and lasers to increase the U-235 concentration for use in nuclear reactors or weapons.
Seminar Report on MHD (Magneto Hydro Dynamics)
This document provides a technical seminar report on magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. It discusses the working principle of MHD generators, provides a brief history of MHD, describes the different types of MHD generators (Faraday, Hall, and disc generators), and discusses how MHD generators can be integrated with conventional thermal power plants to improve efficiency. The document concludes that MHD power generation offers efficiency improvements over conventional systems and has the potential to help address growing energy demands.
Carbon nanotubes becoming economicaly feasible
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to analyze improvements in the economic feasibility of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for transparent electrodes and flywheels. Improvements in the transparency and cost of CNTs are enabling CNTs to replace indium tin oxide in applications such as solar cells and displays. Second, as the cost of CNTs falls through improvements in processes and increases in the scale of equipment, they will become economically feasible for flywheels. Since the energy storage density of flywheels is directly proportional to the strength to weight ration of the flywheel material, CNTs (and graphene) have potential energy storage densities that are ten times the current energy storage densities of carbon fiber-based flywheels and Li-ion batteries. This means that carbon nanotubes are an important tool in the battle against fossil-fuel dependency and global warming.
Barc
The document describes the Gamma Ray Observatory project at Mount Abu, India, run by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Some key points:
1) BARC established the TACTIC (TeV Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope) array at Mount Abu to detect and study gamma rays using the air Cherenkov technique.
2) The TACTIC array consists of 4 telescopes, each with a mirror basket holding 34 mirrors to collect Cherenkov light from gamma ray air showers.
3) Mount Abu was chosen as the site due to its high number of clear nights per year and altitude, making it suitable for gamma ray and infrared astronomy research.
Rockets Propulsion
The document discusses the principles and operation of rocket propulsion. It states that rocket propulsion relies on Newton's third law of motion and the law of conservation of momentum. It explains that rockets produce thrust by expelling hot gases from the engine at high speeds, which provides an equal and opposite reaction force that propels the rocket forward. The document also describes different types of rocket engines, propellants, and applications of rocket technology.
140120119187 2181910
This document discusses magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation directly converts heat energy into electrical energy without a conventional electric generator. It works based on Faraday's law - an electric current is generated when a conducting fluid passes through a magnetic field. There are two types of MHD systems - open cycle uses seeded inert gas while closed cycle uses liquid metal. MHD power generation has advantages like high efficiency, no moving parts, pollution-free operation, and low operational costs. However, it also has disadvantages like short equipment life due to high temperatures and technical limitations.
rocket propellent ppt
This document discusses different types of rocket propulsion systems. It describes solid, liquid, gas, and hybrid rocket propellants. Solid propellant rockets have the fuel and oxidizer pre-mixed and stored in the rocket casing. Liquid propellant rockets store the fuel and oxidizer separately and pump them into the combustion chamber. Hybrid rockets combine aspects of solid and liquid rockets. The document also discusses factors to consider when selecting rocket fuels such as physical properties, performance, economic factors, and health and safety issues.
Rocket propulsion
1) The document classifies rocket propulsion systems based on their gas acceleration mechanism, including chemical, nuclear thermal, ion, hall thruster, electrostatic, magneto-plasma dynamics, and pulsed plasma thrusters.
2) It describes different types of chemical propellants including solid (black powder, homogeneous, heterogeneous), liquid (petroleum, cryogenic, hypergolic), and hybrid propellants.
3) Cryogenic propellants like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen provide very high performance but are difficult to store, while hypergolic propellants provide easy ignition but are highly toxic.
Presentation1
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation uses electrically conducting fluids like plasmas or liquid metals flowing through magnetic fields to generate electricity. It has advantages over conventional power generation like higher efficiency and fewer moving parts. The document outlines the principles of MHD generation according to Faraday's laws of induction. It describes open-cycle and closed-cycle MHD systems and their components. Advantages are noted as higher efficiency and reliability while disadvantages include heat losses and costs of large magnets. Future prospects anticipate MHD providing 70% of electricity by 2020 with ongoing research worldwide.
Fuel cell
This document provides an overview of fuel cells, including their definition, history, applications, types, construction, function, and key information. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing electricity in the process. Their history dates back to 1800 with early discoveries, but significant development occurred in the 20th century. Fuel cells can power vehicles, submarines, and other applications. The main types include polymer exchange membrane, solid oxide, alkaline, molten-carbonate, phosphoric-acid, and direct-methanol fuel cells. While more efficient than gas engines, challenges remain around costs, temperatures, infrastructure, and durability.
Uranium chem 320
this presentation is about uranium and its enrichment, its applications, and side effects. Detection of urea by Gieger Muller Counter.
rocket propellants
Rocket propellants can be either solid or liquid. Solid propellants store fuel and oxidizer together in a solid casing, while liquid propellants store fuel and oxidizer separately in tanks. Liquid propellants provide higher efficiency but require complex pumping systems, while solid propellants are simpler but provide lower efficiency. Rocket performance is measured by specific impulse, with higher values indicating more thrust per unit of propellant. Careful fuel measurement and propellant mixing ratios are required to achieve optimal rocket performance.
What's hot (20)
Design and Assembly of an Economically-viable Near-Earth Asteroid Mining Robot
Design and Assembly of an Economically-viable Near-Earth Asteroid Mining Robot
Conducting polymer based flexible super capacitors [autosaved]
Conducting polymer based flexible super capacitors [autosaved]
Viewers also liked
Nazca
El documento proporciona 4 tareas de tarea domiciliaria relacionadas con la cultura Nazca y precolombina en Sudamérica. Los estudiantes deben elaborar 5 dibujos de geoglifos Nazca importantes, explicar el concepto de "Horror al vacío", describir las cabezas trofeo, e identificar a María Reiche y uno de sus logros destacados.
Javascript - Fonctions : que fait ce code ?
Ce document a été conçu et utilisé sur plusieurs sessions de formation professionnelles pour développeurs logiciels.
Il présente la syntaxe du langage javascript à usage d'un public de développeurs maîtrisant déjà un langage de développement (langage C, Java, C Sharp, PHP...).
Niveau : débutant.
Séance numéro : 4/10.
Temps nécessaire à la séance : environ 1h.
Cette séance est issue d'une série de 10 séances présentant le langage javascript (niveau débutant à confirmé).
Le niveau débutant de la série se réalise en 2 jours.
La niveau confirmé se réalise en 3 jours.
Ce programme est conforme aux titres du ministère du travail :
- Développeur Logiciel
- Concepteur Développeur Informatique
Il permet de valider les modules correspondants de ces titres RNCP (compétences développement de pages web).
La méthode utilisée mélange les approches interrogatives et actives :
- à partir d'exemples de code, faire raisonner les stagiaires par raisonnement hypothético-déductif ("que fait ce code?")
- à partir de code "à trous", faire découvrir et appliquer des éléments de syntaxe (travaux pratiques "construisons ensemble")
- à partir des problèmes rencontrés, faire rechercher des solutions possibles aux problèmes soulevés par le code "énigme" ("quelles solutions?")
- à partir de code "énigme", faire vérifier l'assimilation des connaissances ("vrai ou faux?")
Inclus :
- code à trou
- grille d'évaluation
Ce document powerpoint est également disponible en marque blanche. Nous contacter via notre compte twitter @forgelogicielle.
Escuela superior politécnica de chimbborazo
Este documento proporciona definiciones y descripciones básicas de conceptos anatómicos. Explica la anatomía como la ciencia que estudia la estructura de los seres vivos, y la fisiología como el estudio de sus funciones. Además, describe posiciones anatómicas estándar, regiones corporales, términos de relación, planos anatómicos, y los principales tipos de tejidos como epitelial, conectivo, muscular y nervioso.
Hosting Dergi - 16.SAYI
Bu ay Hosting Dergi’de, Türkiye Geliştirici Trendleri Raporu, istatistik verileri ve değerlendirmeleri ile birlikte yer alıyor. Ayrıca Türkiye ve Dünyadan Hosting sektörü ile ilgili haberleri, alanında uzman yazarların makalelerini dolu dolu 72 sayfa içeriğimizde bulabilirsiniz.
Hosting Dergi - 19.SAYI
Bu ay Hosting Dergi’de; Medya A.Ş Genel Müdürü Bekir KAPLAN ile .istanbul ve .ist alan adı uzantıları ile ilgili gerçekleştirdiğimiz özel röportaj yer alıyor. Ayrıca Türkiye ve Dünyadan Hosting sektörü ile ilgili haberleri, alanında uzman yazarların makalelerini dolu dolu 74 sayfa içeriğimizde bulabilirsiniz.
Bastidas Rodny English
Rodny R. Bastidas is a mechanical engineer with over 18 years of experience in maintenance, logistics, and project management. He has worked for various oil and gas companies in Venezuela and abroad, managing maintenance and logistics operations on drilling rigs and offshore platforms. He has extensive skills in areas such as SAP, inventory management, mechanical systems, and health and safety. Bastidas is married, resides in Venezuela, and is fluent in Spanish, Portuguese, German, and French.
Teste
No segundo filme da saga Crepúsculo, Bella enfrenta seu destino por amor a Edward. Após ele decidir deixá-la para protegê-la, Bella se arrisca cada vez mais, incluindo passeios de moto em alta velocidade com a ajuda de Jacob. Quando ela encontra um inimigo mortal sozinha, só é salva por lobos gigantes. Bella descobre então os segredos da tribo Quileute e o motivo real de Edward tê-la deixado, enfrentando uma reunião com ele mais perigosa do
Rectal dose constraints for salvage iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy.
1) Focal salvage iodine-125 brachytherapy (FS I-125 BT) for recurrent prostate cancer aims to target only the recurrent lesion, reducing rectal radiation dose compared to total salvage I-125 BT (TS) which treats the entire prostate.
2) The study analyzed rectal dosimetry for 20 FS and 28 TS patients, finding significantly lower rectal radiation doses for FS patients. Rectal D0.1cc, D1cc, D2cc and V100 were 38-46 Gy lower for FS.
3) For TS patients, rectal dose constraints of D0.1cc ≤ 160 Gy, D1cc ≤ 119 Gy, D2
Hosting Dergi - 18.SAYI
Bu ay Hosting Dergi’de, Global IPv6 Kullanım Raporu, istatistik verileri yer alıyor. Ayrıca Türkiye ve Dünyadan Hosting sektörü ile ilgili haberleri, alanında uzman yazarların makalelerini dolu dolu 76 sayfa içeriğimizde bulabilirsiniz.
Rancangan acak lengkap
Dokumen tersebut merupakan kata pengantar makalah tentang pengaruh hormon terhadap produksi kedelai. Ringkasannya adalah makalah ini membahas pengaruh hormon seperti giberelin dan sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kedelai."
A tabletop system to paper-prototype for mobile applications
This document is a minor thesis by Francesco Bonadiman on innovation and entrepreneurship. It discusses developing a tabletop system to paper prototype mobile applications. The document begins with an introduction that outlines the business idea of creating a tool to improve paper prototyping for mobile devices. It then provides a literature analysis on paper prototyping and its benefits. Finally, it describes the methods that will be used in the thesis, including a market and competitor analysis, description of the business idea and value proposition, and contributions to the author's major thesis project. The overall goal is to examine the market for prototyping tools and identify opportunities for a new product.
QA_EA and Certification Testing
The document provides information about EA Certification, which is responsible for the final certification process of all EA Xbox 360 products before submission to Microsoft. It manages the submission process, handles exceptions, and acts as a liaison between EA and Microsoft. EA Certification aims to provide a consistent level of service and quality to Microsoft across EA teams worldwide through audits, knowledge sharing, and partnerships. It offers testing and validation services to ensure games are ready for release.
Writing Java EE microservices using WildFly Swarm
Check out the talk to the slides:
http://bit.ly/1ReY8uJ
Talk Abstract:
Using Swarm, you can select “just enough app server” to support each of your microservices.
In this session, we’ll outline how WildFly Swarm works and get you started writing your first microservices using Java EE technologies you’re already familiar with.
You’ll learn how to setup your build system (Maven, Gradle, or your IDE of choice) to run and test WildFly Swarm-based services and produce runnable jars. We will walk from the simple case of wrapping a normal WAR application to the more advanced case of configuring the container using your own main(…) method.
Sistema nervioso
La Unión Europea ha anunciado nuevas sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen prohibiciones de viaje y congelamiento de activos para más funcionarios rusos, así como restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de acero y tecnología. Los líderes de la UE esperan que estas medidas adicionales aumenten la presión económica sobre Rusia y la disuadan de continuar su guerra contra Ucrania.
Peranan Pengurus dan Pendekatan Pengurusan
Peranan Pengurus dan Pendekatan Pengurusan Pengajian Perniagaan STPM
Viewers also liked (20)
Rectal dose constraints for salvage iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy.
Rectal dose constraints for salvage iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy.
A tabletop system to paper-prototype for mobile applications
A tabletop system to paper-prototype for mobile applications
Similar to A New Way of Interplanetary Transport
Space Elevator Engineering Seminar PPT With Journal Details
Seminar PPT on the topic Space Elevator with details on the Journals used for study.
Content:
>Concept
>Why built it
>Component study
>Major hurdles
>Bibliography
Space elevators are incredibly tall theoretical structures that connects the earths surface and outer space, beyond the geosynchronous orbit (35,800 km). The structure acts as a continuous and viable channel by which payload can be send in to space.
Ion Propulsion Engine
The Ion-propulsion engine or Ion thruster system’s efficient use of fuel and electrical power enables modern spacecraft to travel farther, faster, and cheaper than any other propulsion technology. Chemical rockets have a fuel efficiency up to 35%, but ion thruster have demonstrated fuel efficiencies over 90%. An ion thruster ionizes a neutral gas by extracting some electrons out of atoms, creating a cloud of positive ions. These thrusters rely mainly on electrostatics as ions are accelerated by the Coulomb force along an electric field. Temporarily stored electrons are finally reinjected by a neutralizer in the cloud of ions after it has passed through the electrostatic grid, so the gas becomes neutral again and can freely disperse in space without any further electrical interaction with the thruster.
Ion Propulsion System
This presentation is about Ion Propulsion System use in rocket engines. This ppt is made by students of BS physics 7 semester of Khwaja Fareed University Of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Nuclear battery-A power point presentation
This is a Power Point Presentation on Nuclear Battery.
In this slide you will know what is a nuclear battery and its uses.Pictures are attached for good understanding.And also you can get a idea how a presentation should look like.
Hope you like :)
If you like this power point presentation then please do like and share and follow :)
Thank you 😊
Chemical energy storage
The document discusses various types of chemical energy storage batteries. It begins by defining batteries as devices that convert chemical energy to electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. Batteries are then classified as either primary (non-rechargeable) or secondary (rechargeable) batteries. Several common battery types are described in detail, including lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur, and zinc-bromine batteries. Their basic workings, advantages, and disadvantages are summarized. The document also discusses fuel cells as another method of chemical energy storage.
Nuclear Rockets (Thermal)
About Nuclear Rockets , Introduction, Why used in space? , Basics of Nuclear Propulsion, Types , Specific impulse, Advantages and Disadvantages.
Fuel cells and its types
The document discusses fuel cells, including:
1) A fuel cell generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction between a fuel (typically hydrogen) and oxygen, with water and heat as byproducts.
2) Fuel cells have several types but all consist of an anode, cathode, and electrolyte; they operate by separating the fuel from the oxygen to prevent combustion.
3) Applications include stationary power systems, transportation such as fuel cell vehicles and buses, and portable power devices, with each fuel cell type suited to certain uses.
Nuclear Waste Management and Present Storage options
A Broad PPT on Nuclear Waste Management and Present storage Options used by Governments around the world. Recycling methods also Mentioned
From surface to Orbit
1. The document proposes a new space travel propulsion system that uses a long evacuated tube to accelerate vehicles mechanically using helical and longitudinal chases.
2. Vehicles are accelerated within the tube to over 8km/s using fins and rotating cantilevers moving through the chases before exiting into the lower atmosphere.
3. Several challenges are addressed, including providing energy to vehicles in the tube, sealing the tube exit, and minimizing air drag after exit but before reaching orbit. Locating tube exits in mountainous areas and using heat shields, lasers, and pneumatic systems help solve these challenges.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles.pptx
This document provides an overview of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It begins with an introduction and then covers the history of fuel cells dating back to 1839. It also discusses hydrogen as a fuel, explaining that hydrogen can be extracted from various sources and used as a clean fuel. The document outlines various hydrogen storage technologies as well as the principles and types of fuel cells, including proton exchange membrane, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, and alkaline fuel cells. It addresses hydrogen production methods and concludes by discussing the advantages of fuel cells in reducing emissions.
A Seminar on Nuclear Battery
Chemical batteries require frequent replacements and are bulky.
Fuel and Solar cells are expensive and requires sunlight respectively.
Need for compact, reliable, light weight and long life power supplies.
Nuclear batteries have lifespan upto decades and nearly 200 times more efficient.
Do not rely on nuclear reaction so, no radioactive wastes.
Uses emissions from radioactive isotope to generate electricity.
Can be used in inaccessible and extreme conditions.
Batteries and fuel cells
This document discusses different types of portable electric energy sources including batteries and fuel cells. It provides details on how batteries work including definitions of anode, cathode and amp-hours. Common battery types like alkaline, lead acid and lithium ion are described. The document also discusses electric vehicles and compares gasoline to battery technologies. Fuel cells are introduced as an alternative to batteries for electric vehicles that produce only water as a byproduct but have not been widely adopted due to cost and infrastructure challenges.
Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,
Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with high capacitance and low internal resistance, allowing for faster charging and discharging than batteries. They store energy via electrostatic double layer capacitance between high surface area electrodes, such as activated carbon, and an electrolyte. Three main types exist - electrical double layer capacitors which store charge on electrode surfaces; pseudocapacitors which utilize fast redox reactions; and hybrid capacitors combining aspects of both. Supercapacitors find applications where high power delivery is needed, such as regenerative braking on trains. While having lower energy density than batteries, they have longer lifecycles and can charge much more rapidly.
Fuel cells - Working and it's applications.
Fuel cells operate by converting chemical energy from hydrogen into electricity through an electrochemical reaction with oxygen. They have several advantages over traditional power sources like higher efficiency and lower emissions. However, fuel cells also face challenges like high costs and a lack of hydrogen infrastructure that has prevented widespread commercial use. There are several types of fuel cells that operate at different temperatures and use various fuels and catalyst materials, with each having pros and cons for different applications. Automakers are working to develop fuel cell vehicles as a zero-emissions alternative to gasoline powered cars.
Ch 12 MHD power generation
Principle, MHD system, open cycle system, closed cycle
system, design problems & developments, advantages,
materials for MHD generators, magnetic field & super
conductivity
lead acid battery
The lead-acid battery uses lead and lead dioxide electrodes with a sulfuric acid electrolyte. It works through oxidation-reduction reactions between the electrodes and electrolyte. When charged, excess electrons in the lead electrode generate an electric field, while the lead dioxide electrode has a electron deficit. This electric field provides the voltage. Lead-acid batteries are inexpensive and reliable, widely used in cars, backups, and other applications requiring high currents. However, they can be heavy, hazardous if spilled, and gases given off while charging are flammable.
Ultracapacitors
Ultracapacitors, also known as supercapacitors, store energy through a physical process of ion adsorption rather than through chemical reactions like batteries. They have much higher capacitance than regular capacitors, allowing them to charge and discharge rapidly. While ultracapacitors have advantages over batteries such as longer lifespan and ability to handle short bursts of power, they currently have lower energy density and higher self-discharge than lithium-ion batteries. Modern designs use carbon nanotubes as electrodes to improve performance. Ultracapacitors find applications where high power output or regeneration is needed, such as in hybrid vehicles, trains, and military equipment.
Super Capacitors
Super Capacitor by NITIN GUPTA
NITIN GUPTA,CEO/FOUNDER/OWNER at "TECH POINT"
Here's Channel Link
PLEASE SUBSCRIBE Our channel TECH POINT ..
FOLLOW US ON TWITTER:https://twitter.com/Nitin_TECHPOINT
Follow us on Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/NitinGupta1054.Official.PSIT
Follow us on Instagram:https://www.instagram.com/nitingupta_official
SUBSCRIBE Our channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCj3XVydYG3oPVJeZscU4NIg?sub_confirmation=1
Linked in seminar
The document discusses nuclear batteries, which convert radioactive decay into electricity. It begins with an introduction explaining the need for small, light-weight power sources. The history of nuclear batteries is then summarized, noting early research from 1913-1960 focused on long-life power sources for space. The document outlines two main energy conversion techniques - thermal and non-thermal. Specific conversion methods like radioisotope thermoelectric generators, betavoltaics, and thermionics are described. Applications discussed include use in space missions, medical devices, and potential future uses in automobiles and military equipment. In conclusion, nuclear batteries show promise but require further research regarding feasibility, disposal, and radiation safety standards.
Ion propulsion and solar sail
This document provides information on ion propulsion systems and solar sails. It discusses the key components of an ion propulsion system including the power source, propellant management system, and ion thruster. It describes how ion propulsion works by ionizing and accelerating ions using electricity to generate thrust. Solar sails are also introduced, using sunlight's radiation pressure for propulsion. Challenges in solar sail design like packaging and deploying large sails are discussed. CubeSats are mentioned as a potential core for solar sail missions, and various tests done before launch are summarized.
Similar to A New Way of Interplanetary Transport (20)
Space Elevator Engineering Seminar PPT With Journal Details
Space Elevator Engineering Seminar PPT With Journal Details
Nuclear Waste Management and Present Storage options
Nuclear Waste Management and Present Storage options
Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,
Supercapacitors (Ultracapacitor) : Energy Problem Solver,
More from Oláh András Béla
Planning Green Roofs and Green Walls Growing medium and plants
The document discusses the requirements for growing mediums and plant selection for extensive and intensive green roofs. For extensive green roofs, the growing medium must be lightweight, well-draining, and low in organic content to avoid weeds. Recommended materials include perlite, brick rubble, and slag. Sedum species and mosses are suitable plant selections as they can withstand long dry periods. For intensive green roofs, the growing medium requires greater organic content to support trees, shrubs and turf. Plant selections must be durable in windy and dry conditions without aggressive roots or fragile branches. The design should provide wind protection through architectural elements like walls or columns.
Planning Green Roofs and Green Walls Ecological and climatic effects
The document discusses the ecological and climatic effects of green roofs. It notes that green roofs are not suitable everywhere and their effectiveness depends on local climate conditions. Green roofs can help mitigate urban heat islands and reduce temperature extremes. They also slow rainfall absorption to reduce stormwater loads. However, green roofs may increase mosquito habitats near buildings. Overall, properly planned green roofs can provide environmental benefits but also have disadvantages to consider regarding local ecology and public health.
Planning Green roofs and Green Walls Structural design
The document discusses the history and design of green roofs. It provides two historical examples - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which was one of the first green roofs built using layers of reeds and brick, and the Scandinavian sod roof, which utilized multiple layers of birch bark and sod. Modern green roof technology began in the 1960s in Germany when waterproof membranes became available. There are several structural layers involved - a filter membrane, drainage layer, root barrier, waterproof membrane, and insulation. The design can vary depending on whether it is an intensive or extensive green roof.
Green roofs and Green walls Introduction
This document provides an overview and definitions of green roofs and green walls. It discusses the history and types of green roofs, including extensive green roofs which have thin growing mediums and require low maintenance, and intensive green roofs which are thicker and require permanent irrigation. Extensive green roofs are well-suited to existing buildings, while intensive can function as outdoor gardens but require stronger building structures. Green walls can be real walls containing growing medium or surfaces covered with climbing plants, and are categorized as indoor or outdoor, with outdoor types requiring continuous irrigation.
Urban farming 10
The document discusses examples of urban farming in various cities around the world. It provides details on the history and practices of urban agriculture in Boston, Melbourne, and New York. In Boston, urban farming has traditional roots and was regulated by a 2010 local law. In Melbourne, the oldest continually operating farm dates back to 1836, and farms serve social and recreational purposes. In New York, urban farms range from guerilla gardens to high-tech greenhouses, and Brooklyn Grange is a large rooftop farming establishment.
Urban farming 9
Traditional farms and villages were largely self-sufficient, with families producing most of their own food. After industrialization, agriculture became specialized and efficient but less self-sufficient. Farms employed outside workers rather than families. Rural populations declined as people moved to cities for jobs. Cities grew enormously due to industrialization, with new urban planning models emerging like garden cities. However, cities became overly specialized and vulnerable. Now, urban farming is emerging to address issues of specialization, health, and social isolation in cities by producing food and green space and encouraging physical activity, education and teamwork among urban residents.
Urban farming 8
This document discusses opportunities for urban farming in coastal cities. It notes that traditional farming will likely not be able to meet the food demands of growing megacities in the future. Coastal cities offer opportunities for urban farming using floating platforms in shallow coastal waters and exploiting the layers of fresh and saltwater in estuaries and river deltas. Specific opportunities highlighted include using river deltas in Asia for rice farming and harnessing the Nile River delta's freshwater resources.
Urban farming 7
Water surfaces like rivers and lakes play an important role in cities by providing water resources, transportation routes, and open spaces. They can be used for recreation, industry, and as ports. The document discusses using the unbuilt areas around water surfaces for urban farming through various floating platform designs. These could grow food in the water or on surfaces above the water, irrigated through different methods like rainwater or connecting to the water below. Historical examples include the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan built on lakes and floating settlements on Lake Titicaca. Contemporary designs include floating gardens on the River Seine in Paris and conceptual floating garden cities.
Urban farming 6
The document discusses present and future urban problems and potential solutions. It identifies current problems such as air pollution, traffic issues, building density concerns, and ecological degradation. Solutions proposed include using natural gas vehicles, improving public transport, and increasing green spaces. Future problems mentioned are shortages of water, food, and energy if consumption patterns continue. New social structures may also emerge. Urban farming is suggested as a solution that could help address issues of resource scarcity by producing food locally.
Urban climate
This document provides an overview of urban climate and the urban heat island effect. It discusses climate at different scales from macro to micro, and how cities create their own mesoclimate. Key points include:
- Urban areas experience higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas, creating an "urban heat island" effect. The temperature difference increases with city size.
- Cities warm up more during the day due to heat absorption and release more heat at night from man-made surfaces. This disrupts the normal diurnal temperature cycle.
- Surface temperatures measured from aerial/satellite images can be higher than air temperatures felt by humans. Different urban land uses like vegetation versus buildings impact local surface heating.
Urban farming 5
High-level methods for urban farming include hydroponics, aquaponics, aeroponics, and using artificial light. Hydroponics grows plants without soil by placing roots in nutrient-rich water or clay granules. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with fish farming, where the fish waste fertilizes the plants and the plants clean the water. Aeroponics uses mist as the water and nutrient source. Artificial light can provide plants with the specific wavelengths they need for photosynthesis. These controlled-environment farming methods allow for year-round production and use resources efficiently for applications in urban areas and other isolated places.
Urban farming 4
This document discusses opportunities for urban farming in densely populated urban areas. It outlines some of the challenges of urban farming in different urban contexts like housing estates, industrial zones, downtown areas, and around large buildings. Some key challenges mentioned include lack of green space, large buildings covering areas, and property issues. However, the document also discusses potential solutions like community gardens, fruit trees on public land, green roofs of different intensities, vertical farming on buildings, water management systems, and using wastewater for irrigation. Urban farming is presented as a viable option when addressing these challenges through innovative solutions and new building designs that incorporate food production.
Urban farming 3
Urban farming is well-suited for garden cities due to their low building density and large areas of land. The basic unit of a garden city is the family house with its surrounding garden, which is traditionally used for recreation but can also support minor food production. Many typical garden elements like trees, shrubs, perennial beds, and trellis structures have equivalents that can be used for growing food through practices such as aquaponics and mushroom farming. While crop production and traditional stock farming are not practical in small family house gardens, other types of food production like growing fruits, vegetables, herbs and ornamental crops are viable options.
Urban farming 2
This document discusses the possibilities of urban agriculture. It notes that while traditional crops like wheat, corn, and rice require large fields and are not ideal for urban farming, wheat and potentially rice could still be grown in cities under certain conditions. Fruit trees and vegetables are also discussed as crops that can be grown in urban areas. Community gardens are highlighted as a way to grow vegetables in cities, and issues around fruit trees in urban environments, like property rights and disease management, are addressed.
Urban farming 1
Urban farming has occurred in various forms throughout history. Some of the earliest cities like Catal-Hoyuk and Jericho grew crops outside dense settlements. Permanent crop-based settlements allowed for urbanization. Exceptions included oasis cities which could farm within walls due to protective deserts. Floating cities like Tenochtitlan farmed lakes. Modern public parks in the 18th century separated recreation from farming. The Garden City movement brought urban farming into cities in the late 19th century. State socialism increased urban farming in 20th century Eastern Europe. Recent high-tech methods include hydroponics and closed farms under artificial lights.
The opportunities of the usage of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the...
The document discusses the opportunities of additive manufacturing (3D printing) for creating new composite materials. It describes how additive manufacturing allows metal or thermoplastic matrices to be combined with ceramic aggregates to produce materials with optimized properties. Specifically, 3D printing can precisely distribute ceramic grains within a metal matrix during layer-by-layer melting. This enables properties like high compressive strength and hardness from the ceramic, combined with ductility and strength from the metal. Examples highlighted include knives with sand-like hardness and buildings with 10x greater load-bearing capacity. The document argues additive manufacturing of metal-ceramic composites could revolutionize industries like construction and defense.
VacuumTubeTrain
This document proposes a vacuum tube train system as a revolutionary alternative for railway transport. Key points:
1) Trains would operate inside vacuum sealed tunnels, eliminating air resistance and allowing for extremely high speeds over 500 m/s (1800 km/h).
2) The tunnels would be separated from stations by double airlock doors for safety. This isolation also allows regenerative braking to capture kinetic energy.
3) Challenges include bearing types, power transmission at high speeds, and achieving a continuously variable transmission using conical shaped wheels on multiple rail pairs.
4) Benefits include very low energy consumption, possible speeds exceeding airplanes, and increased safety from isolating accidents in the tunnel.
Practical Realisation of Nuclear Pulse Propulsion
This document proposes a design for practical nuclear pulse propulsion that addresses issues with previous designs. It involves using aneutronic pure fusion bomblets to eliminate nuclear fallout, and directing the explosion energy using magnetically-driven implosions within a spherical geometry. The explosions would pump magnetic fields to contain and direct the plasma through a series of magnetic rings and generators, either reusing components for smaller repeated explosions or rebuilding the system after larger single explosions. The goal is an efficient propulsion method that overcomes limitations of prior nuclear pulse rocket attempts.
Transparent concrete
This document describes a new type of transparent concrete composed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the binder and glass as the aggregate. PET is a cheap, transparent plastic commonly used in bottles that can bind the glass aggregate when heated to 200 degrees Celsius. The resulting composite material is transparent like glass, but offers improved mechanical properties and reparability compared to glass alone. It is durable, weather resistant, fireproof, and can be reused or recycled after heating to melt the PET binder. The document argues this transparent concrete has many potential applications and environmental benefits due to the use of waste materials as the raw ingredients.
More from Oláh András Béla (19)
Planning Green Roofs and Green Walls Growing medium and plants
Planning Green Roofs and Green Walls Growing medium and plants
Planning Green Roofs and Green Walls Ecological and climatic effects
Planning Green Roofs and Green Walls Ecological and climatic effects
Planning Green roofs and Green Walls Structural design
Planning Green roofs and Green Walls Structural design
The opportunities of the usage of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the...
The opportunities of the usage of additive manufacturing (3D printing) in the...
A New Way of Interplanetary Transport
- 1. A New Way of Interplanetary Transport This work is dedicated to That, who made senseful everything
- 2. • The first problem is the distance: The length of the Equator is 40 000 km, the distance between the Moon and the Earth is 400 000 km, and the orbit of the Mars is 40 million km away, thus the closest planet is a 1000 times farther than the greatest distance ever covered by man (to the Moon). • The second problem is the applied propulsion systems: they are basically chemical fuelled rockets, which provide low propellant outflow speed (2-5 km/s), and the usual velocity of space vehicles never reach 20 km/s. • Thanks to the low speed the interplanetar vehicle has to contain enormous supply. Creating such a spaceship would be a great problem even for the world economy, not only for a single state. The problems of interplanetar travel
- 3. • One of the most remarkable development was the ion thrusters of the recent decades • They uses electrically (or magnetically) accelerated charged particles instead of gas outlet. • It eventuates much higher efficacy and higher outflow speed (35 km/s) in an order of magnitude • Because of this they need mometously smaller amount of propellant A promising tool: the ion thruster
- 4. • The necessity of an outer electric energy source • The relatively small thrust (although it can function continously for a long time) • The still small outflow speed • The energy loss, which comes from the ionisation • The necessity of an extra ionisation chamber The problems of ion thrusters
- 5. • Catalysis: is there any possibility to reducing the ionisation energy with a catalyzer and on this way increasing the efficacy? • Most well-known catalyzer: Palladium The basic idea of the new solution
- 6. • The Palladium can act as catalyzer only by using Hydrogen. • Usually Xenon or Krypton are the ion thruster propellant because of their low ionisation energy/mass ratio and the safe, stabile attributes. • Hydrogen, especially Protium can reach the greatest outflow speed assuming the same acceleration voltage. • The Hydrogen is problematic because of the relatively high ionisation energy and because of the molecular bond energy. • The great advantage: Palladium contains Hydrogen in atomic form. • Palladium and Hydrogen together is a metallic alloy Palladium-hydride, which has a lot of special attribute, and almost all of these can be used up very well from our point of view. Strange but much Better
- 7. • The Palladium-hydride contains the Hydrogen in atomic form. • It can loose its Hydrogen amount very easily, by simply heating or using small electric voltage (because of this increasing reaction ability it is used as catalyzer in cars) • The Hydrogen storing ability of it is extremely good, it can contain 900 times greater volume of Hydrogen than the volume of the metal itself under atmospheric pressure and room temperature. • On this way the Palladium-hydride in ion thrusters can be at the same time a positive electrode before the (negatively charged) accelerating grid, it also acts as an ionisation chamber, and it can be also the propellant tank itself because of its good Hydrogen storing ability. • This makes the structure of this new kind of ion thrusters much simplier Advantages of Palladium-hydride
- 8. • The structure is extremely simple, it contains the Palladium-hydride as positive electrode and on the other end the accelerating grid (negatively charged). • Furthermore it has also the well known electron gun for charge detachment • Because of the small mass of the ions (Hydrogen-ions) the accelerating length must be longer to be able to reach the higher outflow speed by the same acceleration voltage • Because of this necessary greater length the ion thruster has a telescopic feature The structure of this new kind of ion thruster
- 9. • Using the same acceleration voltage the outflow speed of Protium can be higher in an order of magnitude (!) than xenon, about 400 km/s. • A great disadvantage that the ion thruster needs outer energy source. It can be provided by solar energy but the power is very limited in this case. • The Palladium-hydride has another very interesting feature: it is High-Temperature-Superconductor (HTC) • The greatest is the Hydrogen amount, the highest is the Meissner point by Palladium-hydride. It can be higher than 200 K. Among deep space circumstances this can be provided very easily. • The HTC feature can be used up for energy storing, in Superconductors there can be stored a very great amount of energy in the form of huge vortex current, because of they do not have electric resistance. • On this way, if there is a huge vortex current in the Palladium-hydride in the ion thruster, than it acts as positive electrode, ionisation chamber, propellant tank and also as outer energy supply (!) at the same time. Further advantages
- 10. • When there circuits this huge vortex-current in the Palladium-hydride than it provides much greater accelerating power, than the usual solar panels. • This allows the radically increasing rate of acceleration and the final outflow speed. • There is the opportunity in case of hydrogen even reaching relativistic (!) outflow speed. • That is why the structure is similar than previously, but instead of a grid a well known linear accelerator accelerates the Protium ions. The structure of this advanced ion thruster
- 11. • The usage of supercurrents effects also a huge magnetic field around the ion thruster and also around the whole vehicle. • In case of manned missions this effects a protection against charged particles (similarly to the magnetic field of the Earth) • Furthermore this huge magnetic field allows the vehicle to act even as a magnetic solar sailboat. • This magnetic field can finally acts as a particle trap and collects the ions to its magnetic poles (typically Protium ions). • Summarizing the advantages, especially the extremely increased outflow speed, and the basic equation of rocket propulsion: v(t)=voutflowln(m0/m(t)), it can be declared that in many orders of magnitude increased propellant outflow speed effects in many orders of magnitude higher cruising speed (!), which gives the real opportunity to conquer the Solar System. Collateral advantages
- 12. Thank you for your attention!