On the basis of summarizing the research results of visual variables, we define six
dynamic visual variables of the map symbol in this paper. We analyze the related attributes of
dynamic symbols, and then construct a dynamic map expression model based on symbols. A
key technology to realize dynamic expression, the key frame transform algorithm is present in
the paper. The cartography process of the urban population proportion dynamic change map of
the cities in Shandong province are taken as an example to demonstrate the methods and
process of dynamic mapping based on the above map dynamic expression theories and
models, which includes base map digitization, sorting and processing of attribute data, adding
the map elements, the creation of special dynamic effect such as color transform, continuous
flashing and object moving, and realization of interactive function. Finally, the paper shows the
dynamic map of sea level rising influence on Qingdao, the Typhoon Soulik traveling map and
other dynamic map effect at the end of the article.
Classified 3d Model Retrieval Based on Cascaded Fusion of Local Descriptors ijcga
One of the core tasks in order to perform fast and accurate retrieval results in a content-based search and retrieval 3D system is to determine an efficient and effective method for matching similarities between the 3D models. In this paper the “cascaded fusion of local descriptors” is proposed for efficient retrieval of classified 3D models, based on a 2D coloured logo retrieval methodological approach, suitably modified for the purpose of 3D search and retrieval tasks that are widely used in the augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) fields. Initially, features from Key points are extracted using different state of the art local descriptor algorithms and then they are joined to constitute the feature tuple for the respective key point. Additionally, a feature vocabulary for each descriptor is created that maps those tuples to the respective vocabularies using distance functions that applied among the newly created tuples of each Point Cloud. Subsequently, an inverted index table is formed that maps the 3D models to each tuple respectively. Therefore, for every query 3D model only the corresponding 3D models are retrieved as these were previously mapped in the inverted index table. Finally, from the retrieved list by comparing the local features frequency of appearance to the first vocabulary, the final re ranked list of the most similar 3D models is produced.
Evolution of 3D Surface Parameters: A Comprehensive Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Contour Line Tracing Algorithm for Digital Topographic MapsCSCJournals
Topographic maps contain information related to roads, contours, landmarks land covers and rivers etc. For any Remote sensing and GIS based project, creating a database using digitization techniques is a tedious and time consuming process especially for contour tracing. Contour line is very important information that these maps provide. They are mainly used for determining slope of the landforms or rivers. These contour lines are also used for generating Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for 3D surface generation from any satellite imagery or aerial photographs. This paper suggests an algorithm that can be used for tracing contour lines automatically from contour maps extracted from the topographical sheets and creating a database. In our approach, we have proposed a modified Moore's Neighbor contour tracing algorithm to trace all contours in the given topographic maps. The proposed approach is tested on several topographic maps and provides satisfactory results and takes less time to trace the contour lines compared with other existing algorithms.
Reduced-reference Video Quality Metric Using Spatial Information in Salient R...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In multimedia transmission, it is important to rely on an objective quality metric which accurately
represents the subjective quality of processed images and video sequences. Maintaining acceptable
Quality of Experience in video transmission requires the ability to measure the quality of the video seen at
the receiver end. Reduced-reference metrics make use of side-information that is transmitted to the
receiver for estimating the quality of the received sequence with low complexity. This attribute enables
real-time assessment and visual degradation detection caused by transmission and compression errors. A
novel reduced-reference video quality known as the Spatial Information in Salient Regions Reduced
Reference Metric is proposed. The approach proposed makes use of spatial activity to estimate the
received sequence distortion after concealment. The statistical elements analysed in this work are based
on extracted edges and their luminance distributions. Results highlight that the proposed edge dissimilarit y
measure has a good correlation with DMOS scores from the LIVE Video Database.
Classified 3d Model Retrieval Based on Cascaded Fusion of Local Descriptors ijcga
One of the core tasks in order to perform fast and accurate retrieval results in a content-based search and retrieval 3D system is to determine an efficient and effective method for matching similarities between the 3D models. In this paper the “cascaded fusion of local descriptors” is proposed for efficient retrieval of classified 3D models, based on a 2D coloured logo retrieval methodological approach, suitably modified for the purpose of 3D search and retrieval tasks that are widely used in the augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) fields. Initially, features from Key points are extracted using different state of the art local descriptor algorithms and then they are joined to constitute the feature tuple for the respective key point. Additionally, a feature vocabulary for each descriptor is created that maps those tuples to the respective vocabularies using distance functions that applied among the newly created tuples of each Point Cloud. Subsequently, an inverted index table is formed that maps the 3D models to each tuple respectively. Therefore, for every query 3D model only the corresponding 3D models are retrieved as these were previously mapped in the inverted index table. Finally, from the retrieved list by comparing the local features frequency of appearance to the first vocabulary, the final re ranked list of the most similar 3D models is produced.
Evolution of 3D Surface Parameters: A Comprehensive Surveytheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Contour Line Tracing Algorithm for Digital Topographic MapsCSCJournals
Topographic maps contain information related to roads, contours, landmarks land covers and rivers etc. For any Remote sensing and GIS based project, creating a database using digitization techniques is a tedious and time consuming process especially for contour tracing. Contour line is very important information that these maps provide. They are mainly used for determining slope of the landforms or rivers. These contour lines are also used for generating Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for 3D surface generation from any satellite imagery or aerial photographs. This paper suggests an algorithm that can be used for tracing contour lines automatically from contour maps extracted from the topographical sheets and creating a database. In our approach, we have proposed a modified Moore's Neighbor contour tracing algorithm to trace all contours in the given topographic maps. The proposed approach is tested on several topographic maps and provides satisfactory results and takes less time to trace the contour lines compared with other existing algorithms.
Reduced-reference Video Quality Metric Using Spatial Information in Salient R...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In multimedia transmission, it is important to rely on an objective quality metric which accurately
represents the subjective quality of processed images and video sequences. Maintaining acceptable
Quality of Experience in video transmission requires the ability to measure the quality of the video seen at
the receiver end. Reduced-reference metrics make use of side-information that is transmitted to the
receiver for estimating the quality of the received sequence with low complexity. This attribute enables
real-time assessment and visual degradation detection caused by transmission and compression errors. A
novel reduced-reference video quality known as the Spatial Information in Salient Regions Reduced
Reference Metric is proposed. The approach proposed makes use of spatial activity to estimate the
received sequence distortion after concealment. The statistical elements analysed in this work are based
on extracted edges and their luminance distributions. Results highlight that the proposed edge dissimilarit y
measure has a good correlation with DMOS scores from the LIVE Video Database.
A gis anchored technique to obtain optimal path through minimal alteration of...csandit
This paper presented a technique to organize the digitized map of a very large area, using a flat-file system
(without using databases); depicting necessary and useful information regarding land usage of the area,
which can also be viewed as a land-type-data bank, where all the necessary information regarding the type
of the land, owner etc. are kept. While associating data with each individual region, a priority value is also
incorporated, where a lower value of priority signifies, higher possibility of the land to be selected for
acquisition. As per needs to acquire lands for the construction of new utility services such as railway
tracks, roads etc., the technique, upon input the source and the destination location, suggests the most
suitable path, in terms of optimal costs, which is dependent on the parameters like compensation needed to
pay during land acquisition (compensation amount increases, for acquiring more fertile lands), the length
of the path etc. The suggested optimal path is presented onto the map graphically assisting the engineers
involved in the work for proper implementation and utilisation of the land.
A GIS ANCHORED TECHNIQUE TO OBTAIN OPTIMAL PATH THROUGH MINIMAL ALTERATION OF...cscpconf
This paper presented a technique to organize the digitized map of a very large area, using a flat-file system (without using databases); depicting necessary and useful information regarding land usage of the area,which can also be viewed as a land-type-data bank, where all the necessary information regarding the typeof the land, owner etc. are kept. While associating data with each individual region, a priority value is also incorporated, where a lower value of priority signifies, higher possibility of the land to be selected for acquisition. As per needs to acquire lands for the construction of new utility services such as railway tracks, roads etc., the technique, upon input the source and the destination location, suggests the most
suitable path, in terms of optimal costs, which is dependent on the parameters like compensation needed topay during land acquisition (compensation amount increases, for acquiring more fertile lands), the length of the path etc. The suggested optimal path is presented onto the map graphically assisting the engineers involved in the work for proper implementation and utilisation of the land.
Road surface classification based on LBP and GLCM features using kNN classifierjournalBEEI
Autonomous Ground Vehicle (UGV) technology has shown a fast development this past year and proven to be useful. The use of UGV technology is restricted on a particular road condition. Classification of the road is an essential process in UGV, especially to control the autonomous vehicle. For example, the speed could be adjusted by referring to the road type, these process require a fast computational time. This research focuses on finding the most discriminant feature while keeping the number of features into a minimum to obtain fast computational time and accurate classification result. One can experiences difficulties because the condition of the road varies, this research proposes a combination of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) a statistical method to extract feature and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature to improve the robustness of the features. The kNN classifier is used to do the classification with the accuracy of 98% and 12 picture processed per second.
Research on the characteristics and evaluation of nightscape along the LRT lineIJERA Editor
With people's increasing demand of nightlife activities, the nightscape has become more important than ever to
enhance the image of city. In this study, we tried to analyze the effects and influence of the landscape lighting
that produced the nightscape and pointed out that the optimal nightscapes along the LRT (Light Rail Transit)
line. We selected the urban landscapes along the LRT wayside as the research objects, used the SD (Semantic
Differential) technique to compare the difference between the daytime and the nighttime landscapes by the
vision engineering and measurement psychology. As a result, it became clear as follows: 1) image evaluation of
the nightscapes got higher estimation than that of daytime landscapes. The importance of the nightscape has been
recognized once again; 2) landscape lighting played the important role in the charming nightscape; 3) the
optimal nightscapes along the LRT routes could be chosen with the results of factor analysis.
Google Earth Web Service as a Support for GIS Mapping in Geospatial Research ...Universität Salzburg
The geospatial work has been performed using combination of the Google Earth imagery, Landsat TM images and Erdas Imagine GIS software. The advantage of utilizing Google Earth scenes with Landsat TM satellite imagery, along with GIS techniques and methods, for inventorying land cover types has been demonstrated for landscape studies. Combination of land cover type characteristics and landscape changes enabled to analyse landscape dynamics, as well as applicability of Google Earth service for thematic mapping. The used data included Landsat TM and ETM+ multi-band imagery covering area in Izmir, western Turkey. The image processing was per- formed using supervised classification in Erdas Imagine software. The Google Earth web service technologies were applied to test the accuracy of mapping via the available module of Erdas Imagine «Linking with Google Earth».
tScene classification using pyramid histogram ofijcsa
Pyramid Histogram of Multi-scale Block Local Binary Pattern (PH-MBLBP) descriptor for recognizing
scene categories, is presented in this paper. We show that scene categorization, especially for indoor and
outdoor environments, requires its visual descriptor to process properties that are different from other
vision domains (e.g., SIFT descriptor used for object categorization). Our proposed PH-MBLBP satisfies
these properties and suits the scene categorization task. Since the proposed PH-MBLBP mainly encodes
micro- and macro-structures of image patterns, thus, it provides relatively more complete image descriptor
than the basic LBP operator. Moreover, our PH-MBLBP descriptor is more powerful texture descriptor
than the conventional operator and it can also be calculated extremely fast. Our experiments demonstrate
that PH-MBLBP outperforms the other descriptor such as SIFT.
Comparison of various Image Registration Techniques with the Proposed Hybrid ...idescitation
Image Registration is termed as the method to
transform different forms of image data into one coordinate
system. Registration is a important part in image processing
which is used for matching the pictures which are obtained at
different time intervals or from various sensors. A broad range
of registration techniques have been developed for the various
types of image data. These techniques are independently
studied for many applications resulting in the large body of
result. Vision is the most advanced of human sensors, so
naturally images play one of the most important roles in
human perception. Image registration is one of the branches
encompassed by the diverse field of digital image processing.
Due to its importance in many application areas as well as
since its nature is complicated; image registration is now the
topic of much recent research. Registration algorithms tend
to compute transformations to set correspondence betweenthe two images. In this paper the survey is done on various
image registration techniques. Also the different techniques
are compared with the proposed system of the projec
EFFECTIVE INTEREST REGION ESTIMATION MODEL TO REPRESENT CORNERS FOR IMAGE sipij
One of the most important steps to describe local features is to estimate the interest region around the feature location to achieve the invariance against different image transformation. The pixels inside the interest region are used to build the descriptor, to represent a feature. Estimating the interest region
around a corner location is a fundamental step to describe the corner feature. But the process is challenging under different image conditions. Most of the corner detectors derive appropriate scales to estimate the region to build descriptors. In our approach, we have proposed a new local maxima-based
interest region detection method. This region estimation method can be used to build descriptors to represent corners. We have performed a comparative analysis to match the feature points using recent corner detectors and the result shows that our method achieves better precision and recall results than
existing methods.
Extended hybrid region growing segmentation of point clouds with different re...csandit
In the recent years, 3D city reconstruction is one of the active researches in the field of
photogrammetry. The goal of this work is to improve and extend region growing based
segmentation in the X-Y-Z image in the form of 3D structured data with combination of spectral
information of RGB and grayscale image to extract building roofs, streets and vegetation. In
order to process 3D point clouds, hybrid segmentation is carried out in both object space and
image space. Our experiments on two case studies verify that updating plane parameters and
robust least squares plane fitting improves the results of building extraction especially in case
of low accurate point clouds. In addition, region growing in image space has been derived to
the fact that grayscale image is more flexible than RGB image and results in more realistic
building roofs.
IJRET-V1I1P3 - Remotely Sensed Images in using Automatic Road Map CompilationISAR Publications
High Resolution satellite Imagery is an important source for road network extraction for
roads database creation, refinement and updating. Various sources of imagery are known for their
differences in spectral, spatial, radioactive and temporal characteristics and thus are suitable for
different purposes of vegetation mapping. A number of shape descriptors are computed to reduce
the misclassification between road and other spectrally similar objects. The detected road segments
are further refined using morphological operations to form final road network, which is then
evaluated for its completeness, correctness and quality. The proposed methodology has been tested
on updating on road extraction from remotely-sensed imagery.
A Subgraph Pattern Search over Graph DatabasesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
RST invariant watermarking technique for vector map based on LCA-transformTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The dangers of copyright protection can impact 2D vector maps, having a knock-on effect on the use of vector data. To achieve invariance property, uniform RST (rotation, scaling and translation) and disguising the digital vector map’s information by implementing distortion control, is all done by using watermarking schemes. Convert an original map, then engrain the watermark. An LCA algorithm is used in this study, as a newly proposed way to protect the vector maps under copyright. The procedure is operated in this order: 1) use an original map, altered by the LCA algorithm, 2) use the coefficient of the transformation to engrain the watermark, inserting the resulting frequency into the LSB wave, 3) the watermarked map is acquired by using the inverse LCA map transformation. Further investigations discovered that the necessary standards of fidelity and invisibility can be achieved using this technique. This procedure also gives out numerous frequency domains for digital watermarking; as well as being resilient to signal and geometric invasions.
Robust content based watermarking algorithm using singular value decompositio...sipij
Nowadays, image content is frequently subject to different malicious manipulations. To protect images
from this illegal manipulations computer science community have recourse to watermarking techniques. To
protect digital multimedia content we need just to embed an invisible watermark into images which
facilitate the detection of different manipulations, duplication, illegitimate distributions of these images. In
this work a robust watermarking technique is presented that embedding invisible watermarks into colour
images the singular value decomposition bloc by bloc of a robust transform of images that is the Radial
symmetry transform. Each bit of the watermark is inserted in a bloc of eight pixels large of the blue
channel a high singular value of the corresponding bloc into the radial symmetry map. We justified the
insertion in the blue channel by our feeble sensibility to perturbations in this colour channel of images. We
present also results obtained with different tests. We had tested the imperceptibility of the mark using this
approach and also its robustness face to several attacks.
A gis anchored technique to obtain optimal path through minimal alteration of...csandit
This paper presented a technique to organize the digitized map of a very large area, using a flat-file system
(without using databases); depicting necessary and useful information regarding land usage of the area,
which can also be viewed as a land-type-data bank, where all the necessary information regarding the type
of the land, owner etc. are kept. While associating data with each individual region, a priority value is also
incorporated, where a lower value of priority signifies, higher possibility of the land to be selected for
acquisition. As per needs to acquire lands for the construction of new utility services such as railway
tracks, roads etc., the technique, upon input the source and the destination location, suggests the most
suitable path, in terms of optimal costs, which is dependent on the parameters like compensation needed to
pay during land acquisition (compensation amount increases, for acquiring more fertile lands), the length
of the path etc. The suggested optimal path is presented onto the map graphically assisting the engineers
involved in the work for proper implementation and utilisation of the land.
A GIS ANCHORED TECHNIQUE TO OBTAIN OPTIMAL PATH THROUGH MINIMAL ALTERATION OF...cscpconf
This paper presented a technique to organize the digitized map of a very large area, using a flat-file system (without using databases); depicting necessary and useful information regarding land usage of the area,which can also be viewed as a land-type-data bank, where all the necessary information regarding the typeof the land, owner etc. are kept. While associating data with each individual region, a priority value is also incorporated, where a lower value of priority signifies, higher possibility of the land to be selected for acquisition. As per needs to acquire lands for the construction of new utility services such as railway tracks, roads etc., the technique, upon input the source and the destination location, suggests the most
suitable path, in terms of optimal costs, which is dependent on the parameters like compensation needed topay during land acquisition (compensation amount increases, for acquiring more fertile lands), the length of the path etc. The suggested optimal path is presented onto the map graphically assisting the engineers involved in the work for proper implementation and utilisation of the land.
Road surface classification based on LBP and GLCM features using kNN classifierjournalBEEI
Autonomous Ground Vehicle (UGV) technology has shown a fast development this past year and proven to be useful. The use of UGV technology is restricted on a particular road condition. Classification of the road is an essential process in UGV, especially to control the autonomous vehicle. For example, the speed could be adjusted by referring to the road type, these process require a fast computational time. This research focuses on finding the most discriminant feature while keeping the number of features into a minimum to obtain fast computational time and accurate classification result. One can experiences difficulties because the condition of the road varies, this research proposes a combination of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) a statistical method to extract feature and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature to improve the robustness of the features. The kNN classifier is used to do the classification with the accuracy of 98% and 12 picture processed per second.
Research on the characteristics and evaluation of nightscape along the LRT lineIJERA Editor
With people's increasing demand of nightlife activities, the nightscape has become more important than ever to
enhance the image of city. In this study, we tried to analyze the effects and influence of the landscape lighting
that produced the nightscape and pointed out that the optimal nightscapes along the LRT (Light Rail Transit)
line. We selected the urban landscapes along the LRT wayside as the research objects, used the SD (Semantic
Differential) technique to compare the difference between the daytime and the nighttime landscapes by the
vision engineering and measurement psychology. As a result, it became clear as follows: 1) image evaluation of
the nightscapes got higher estimation than that of daytime landscapes. The importance of the nightscape has been
recognized once again; 2) landscape lighting played the important role in the charming nightscape; 3) the
optimal nightscapes along the LRT routes could be chosen with the results of factor analysis.
Google Earth Web Service as a Support for GIS Mapping in Geospatial Research ...Universität Salzburg
The geospatial work has been performed using combination of the Google Earth imagery, Landsat TM images and Erdas Imagine GIS software. The advantage of utilizing Google Earth scenes with Landsat TM satellite imagery, along with GIS techniques and methods, for inventorying land cover types has been demonstrated for landscape studies. Combination of land cover type characteristics and landscape changes enabled to analyse landscape dynamics, as well as applicability of Google Earth service for thematic mapping. The used data included Landsat TM and ETM+ multi-band imagery covering area in Izmir, western Turkey. The image processing was per- formed using supervised classification in Erdas Imagine software. The Google Earth web service technologies were applied to test the accuracy of mapping via the available module of Erdas Imagine «Linking with Google Earth».
tScene classification using pyramid histogram ofijcsa
Pyramid Histogram of Multi-scale Block Local Binary Pattern (PH-MBLBP) descriptor for recognizing
scene categories, is presented in this paper. We show that scene categorization, especially for indoor and
outdoor environments, requires its visual descriptor to process properties that are different from other
vision domains (e.g., SIFT descriptor used for object categorization). Our proposed PH-MBLBP satisfies
these properties and suits the scene categorization task. Since the proposed PH-MBLBP mainly encodes
micro- and macro-structures of image patterns, thus, it provides relatively more complete image descriptor
than the basic LBP operator. Moreover, our PH-MBLBP descriptor is more powerful texture descriptor
than the conventional operator and it can also be calculated extremely fast. Our experiments demonstrate
that PH-MBLBP outperforms the other descriptor such as SIFT.
Comparison of various Image Registration Techniques with the Proposed Hybrid ...idescitation
Image Registration is termed as the method to
transform different forms of image data into one coordinate
system. Registration is a important part in image processing
which is used for matching the pictures which are obtained at
different time intervals or from various sensors. A broad range
of registration techniques have been developed for the various
types of image data. These techniques are independently
studied for many applications resulting in the large body of
result. Vision is the most advanced of human sensors, so
naturally images play one of the most important roles in
human perception. Image registration is one of the branches
encompassed by the diverse field of digital image processing.
Due to its importance in many application areas as well as
since its nature is complicated; image registration is now the
topic of much recent research. Registration algorithms tend
to compute transformations to set correspondence betweenthe two images. In this paper the survey is done on various
image registration techniques. Also the different techniques
are compared with the proposed system of the projec
EFFECTIVE INTEREST REGION ESTIMATION MODEL TO REPRESENT CORNERS FOR IMAGE sipij
One of the most important steps to describe local features is to estimate the interest region around the feature location to achieve the invariance against different image transformation. The pixels inside the interest region are used to build the descriptor, to represent a feature. Estimating the interest region
around a corner location is a fundamental step to describe the corner feature. But the process is challenging under different image conditions. Most of the corner detectors derive appropriate scales to estimate the region to build descriptors. In our approach, we have proposed a new local maxima-based
interest region detection method. This region estimation method can be used to build descriptors to represent corners. We have performed a comparative analysis to match the feature points using recent corner detectors and the result shows that our method achieves better precision and recall results than
existing methods.
Extended hybrid region growing segmentation of point clouds with different re...csandit
In the recent years, 3D city reconstruction is one of the active researches in the field of
photogrammetry. The goal of this work is to improve and extend region growing based
segmentation in the X-Y-Z image in the form of 3D structured data with combination of spectral
information of RGB and grayscale image to extract building roofs, streets and vegetation. In
order to process 3D point clouds, hybrid segmentation is carried out in both object space and
image space. Our experiments on two case studies verify that updating plane parameters and
robust least squares plane fitting improves the results of building extraction especially in case
of low accurate point clouds. In addition, region growing in image space has been derived to
the fact that grayscale image is more flexible than RGB image and results in more realistic
building roofs.
IJRET-V1I1P3 - Remotely Sensed Images in using Automatic Road Map CompilationISAR Publications
High Resolution satellite Imagery is an important source for road network extraction for
roads database creation, refinement and updating. Various sources of imagery are known for their
differences in spectral, spatial, radioactive and temporal characteristics and thus are suitable for
different purposes of vegetation mapping. A number of shape descriptors are computed to reduce
the misclassification between road and other spectrally similar objects. The detected road segments
are further refined using morphological operations to form final road network, which is then
evaluated for its completeness, correctness and quality. The proposed methodology has been tested
on updating on road extraction from remotely-sensed imagery.
A Subgraph Pattern Search over Graph DatabasesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
RST invariant watermarking technique for vector map based on LCA-transformTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The dangers of copyright protection can impact 2D vector maps, having a knock-on effect on the use of vector data. To achieve invariance property, uniform RST (rotation, scaling and translation) and disguising the digital vector map’s information by implementing distortion control, is all done by using watermarking schemes. Convert an original map, then engrain the watermark. An LCA algorithm is used in this study, as a newly proposed way to protect the vector maps under copyright. The procedure is operated in this order: 1) use an original map, altered by the LCA algorithm, 2) use the coefficient of the transformation to engrain the watermark, inserting the resulting frequency into the LSB wave, 3) the watermarked map is acquired by using the inverse LCA map transformation. Further investigations discovered that the necessary standards of fidelity and invisibility can be achieved using this technique. This procedure also gives out numerous frequency domains for digital watermarking; as well as being resilient to signal and geometric invasions.
Robust content based watermarking algorithm using singular value decompositio...sipij
Nowadays, image content is frequently subject to different malicious manipulations. To protect images
from this illegal manipulations computer science community have recourse to watermarking techniques. To
protect digital multimedia content we need just to embed an invisible watermark into images which
facilitate the detection of different manipulations, duplication, illegitimate distributions of these images. In
this work a robust watermarking technique is presented that embedding invisible watermarks into colour
images the singular value decomposition bloc by bloc of a robust transform of images that is the Radial
symmetry transform. Each bit of the watermark is inserted in a bloc of eight pixels large of the blue
channel a high singular value of the corresponding bloc into the radial symmetry map. We justified the
insertion in the blue channel by our feeble sensibility to perturbations in this colour channel of images. We
present also results obtained with different tests. We had tested the imperceptibility of the mark using this
approach and also its robustness face to several attacks.
Image Information Retrieval From Incomplete Queries Using Color and Shape Fea...sipij
Content based image retrieval (CBIR) is the task of searching digital images from a large database based on the extraction of features, such as color, texture and shape of the image. Most of the research in CBIR has been carried out with complete queries which were present in the database. This paper investigates utility of CBIR techniques for retrieval of incomplete and distorted queries. Studies were made in two categories of the query: first is complete and second is incomplete. The query image is considered to be distorted or incomplete image if it has some missing information, some undesirable objects, blurring, noise due to disturbance at the time of image acquisition etc. Color (hue, saturation and value (HSV) color space model) and shape (moment invariants and Fourier descriptor) features are used to represent the image. The algorithm was tested on database consisting of 1875 images. The results show that retrieval accuracy of incomplete queries is highly increased by fusing color and shape features giving precision of 79.87%. MATLAB ® 7.01 and its image processing toolbox have been used to implement the algorithm.
APPLYING R-SPATIOGRAM IN OBJECT TRACKING FOR OCCLUSION HANDLINGsipij
Object tracking is one of the most important problems in computer vision. The aim of video tracking is to extract the trajectories of a target or object of interest, i.e. accurately locate a moving target in a video sequence and discriminate target from non-targets in the feature space of the sequence. So, feature descriptors can have significant effects on such discrimination. In this paper, we use the basic idea of many trackers which consists of three main components of the reference model, i.e., object modeling, object detection and localization, and model updating. However, there are major improvements in our system. Our forth component, occlusion handling, utilizes the r-spatiogram to detect the best target candidate. While spatiogram contains some moments upon the coordinates of the pixels, r-spatiogram computes region-based compactness on the distribution of the given feature in the image that captures richer features to represent the objects. The proposed research develops an efficient and robust way to keep tracking the object throughout video sequences in the presence of significant appearance variations and severe occlusions. The proposed method is evaluated on the Princeton RGBD tracking dataset considering sequences with different challenges and the obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
MONOGENIC SCALE SPACE BASED REGION COVARIANCE MATRIX DESCRIPTOR FOR FACE RECO...cscpconf
In this paper, we have presented a new face recognition algorithm based on region covariance
matrix (RCM) descriptor computed in monogenic scale space. In the proposed model, energy
information obtained using monogenic filter is used to represent a pixel at different scales to
form region covariance matrix descriptor for each face image during training phase. An eigenvalue
based distance measure is used to compute the similarity between face images. Extensive
experimentation on AT&T and YALE face database has been conducted to reveal the
performance of the monogenic scale space based region covariance matrix method and
comparative analysis is made with the basic RCM method and Gabor based region covariance matrix method to exhibit the superiority of the proposed technique.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Research on Image Classification Model of Probability Fusion Spectrum-Spatial...CSCJournals
For insufficient information of imaging spectrum with high spatial resolution, detailed imaging information, reduction of mixed pixels, increase of pure pixels and problems of image characteristic extraction and model classification produced from this, we provide a classifier model of a united spectrum-spatial multi-characteristic based on SVM, and use this model to finish the image classification. The model completely uses the multi-characteristic information, and overcomes the over-fitting problems produced by accumulating high-dimensional characteristics. The model includes three classifications of spectrum-spatial characteristics, namely spectral characteristics-spectral characteristic of multi-scale morphology, spectral characteristics-physical characteristics of underlaying surfaces of multi-scale morphology and spectral characteristics-features spatial extension characteristics of multi-scale morphology. Firstly the three classifications of spectrum-spatial characteristics are classified through SVM, then carries out the probability fusion for the classification results based on the pixels to obtain the final image classification results. This article respectively uses WorldView-2 image and ROSIS image to experiment, and the results show that the model has better classification effect compared with VS-SVM algorithm.
Image Registration using NSCT and Invariant MomentCSCJournals
Image registration is a process of matching images, which are taken at different times, from different sensors or from different view points. It is an important step for a great variety of applications such as computer vision, stereo navigation, medical image analysis, pattern recognition and watermarking applications. In this paper an improved feature point selection and matching technique for image registration is proposed. This technique is based on the ability of nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) to extract significant features irrespective of feature orientation. Then the correspondence between the extracted feature points of reference image and sensed image is achieved using Zernike moments. Feature point pairs are used for estimating the transformation parameters mapping the sensed image to the reference image. Experimental results illustrate the registration accuracy over a wide range for panning and zooming movement and also the robustness of the proposed algorithm to noise. Apart from image registration proposed method can be used for shape matching and object classification. Keywords: Image Registration, NSCT, Contourlet Transform, Zernike Moment.
Application of Image Retrieval Techniques to Understand Evolving Weatherijsrd.com
Multispectral satellite images provide valuable information to understand the evolution of various weather systems such as tropical cyclones, shifting of intra tropical convergence zone, moments of various troughs etc., accurate prediction and estimation will save live and property. This work will deal with the development of an application which will enable users to search an image from database using either gray level, texture and shape features for meteorological satellite image retrieval .Gray level feature is extracted using histogram method. The Texture feature is extracted using gray level co-occurrence method and wavelet approach. The shape feature vector is extracted using morphological operations. The similarity between query image and database images is calculated using Euclidian distance. The performance of the system is evaluated using precision
A hybrid approach for categorizing images based on complex networks and neur...IJECEIAES
There are several methods for categorizing images, the most of which are statistical, geometric, model-based and structural methods. In this paper, a new method for describing images based on complex network models is presented. Each image contains a number of key points that can be identified through standard edge detection algorithms. To understand each image better, we can use these points to create a graph of the image. In order to facilitate the use of graphs, generated graphs are created in the form of a complex network of small-worlds. Complex grid features such as topological and dynamic features can be used to display image-related features. After generating this information, it normalizes them and uses them as suitable features for categorizing images. For this purpose, the generated information is given to the neural network. Based on these features and the use of neural networks, comparisons between new images are performed. The results of the article show that this method has a good performance in identifying similarities and finally categorizing them.
Multi-feature Fusion Using SIFT and LEBP for Finger Vein RecognitionTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, multi-feature fusion using Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Local
Extensive Binary Pattern (LEBP) was proposed to obtain a feature that could resist degradation problems
such as scaling, rotation, translation and varying illumination conditions. SIFT feature had a capability to
withstand degradation due to changes in the condition of the image scale, rotation and translation.
Meanwhile, LEBP feature had resistance to gray level variations with richer and discriminatory local
characteristics information. Therefore the fusion technique is used to collect important information from
SIFT and LEBP feature.The resulting feature of multi-feature fusion using SIFT and LEBP feature would be
processed by Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) method to determine whether the testing image could
be recognized or not. The accuracy value could achieve 97.50%, TPR at 0.9400 and FPR at 0.0128 in
optimum condition. That was a better result than only use SIFT or LEBP feature.
COMPOSITE TEXTURE SHAPE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL SKELETON AND RE...sipij
After several decades of research, the development of an effective feature extraction method for texture
classification is still an ongoing effort. Therefore , several techniques have been proposed to resolve such
problems. In this paper a novel composite texture classification method based on innovative pre-processing
techniques, skeletonization and Regional moments (RM) is proposed. This proposed texture classification
approach, takes into account the ambiguity brought in by noise and the different caption and digitization
processes. To offer better classification rate, innovative pre-processing methods are applied on various
texture images first. Pre-processing mechanisms describe various methods of converting a grey level image
into binary image with minimal consideration of the noise model. Then shape features are evaluated using
RM on the proposed Morphological Skeleton (MS) method by suitable numerical characterization
measures for a precise classification. This texture classification study using MS and RM has given a good
performance. Good classification result is achieved from a single region moment RM10 while others failed
in classification.
A CONTENT BASED WATERMARKING SCHEME USING RADIAL SYMMETRY TRANSFORM AND SINGU...cscpconf
The Watermarking techniques represent actually a very important issue in digital multimedia
content distribution. To protect digital multimedia content we embed an invisible watermark
into images which facilitate the detection of different manipulations, duplication, illegitimate
distributions of these images. In this paper we present an approach to embedding invisible
watermarks into color images using a robust transform of images that is the Radial symmetry
transform. The watermark is inserted in blocs of eight pixels large of the blue channel using the
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of these blocs and those of the radial symmetry transform.
The insertion in the blue channel is justified when we know that many works states that the
human visual system is less sensible to perturbation in the blue channel of the image. Results
obtained after tests show that the imperceptibility of the watermark using this approach is good
and its robustness face to different attacks leads to think that the proposed approach is a very
promising one.
Human’s facial parts extraction to recognize facial expressionijitjournal
Real-time facial expression analysis is an important yet challenging task in human computer interaction.
This paper proposes a real-time person independent facial expression recognition system using a
geometrical feature-based approach. The face geometry is extracted using the modified active shape
model. Each part of the face geometry is effectively represented by the Census Transformation (CT) based
feature histogram. The facial expression is classified by the SVM classifier with exponential chi-square
weighted merging kernel. The proposed method was evaluated on the JAFFE database and in real-world
environment. The experimental results show that the approach yields a high recognition rate and is
applicable in real-time facial expression analysis.
Similar to A Model and Algorithm of Dynamic Map Expression and its Application (20)
Amazon products reviews classification based on machine learning, deep learni...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In recent times, the trend of online shopping through e-commerce stores and websites has grown to a huge extent. Whenever a product is purchased on an e-commerce platform, people leave their reviews about the product. These reviews are very helpful for the store owners and the product’s manufacturers for the betterment of their work process as well as product quality. An automated system is proposed in this work that operates on two datasets D1 and D2 obtained from Amazon. After certain preprocessing steps, N-gram and word embedding-based features are extracted using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words (BoW) and global vectors (GloVe), and Word2vec, respectively. Four machine learning (ML) models support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (RF), logistic regression (LR), multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), two deep learning (DL) models convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), and standalone bidirectional encoder representations (BERT) are used to classify reviews as either positive or negative. The results obtained by the standard ML, DL models and BERT are evaluated using certain performance evaluation measures. BERT turns out to be the best-performing model in the case of D1 with an accuracy of 90% on features derived by word embedding models while the CNN provides the best accuracy of 97% upon word embedding features in the case of D2. The proposed model shows better overall performance on D2 as compared to D1.
Design, simulation, and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless app...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, a microstrip patch antenna that works at 3.6 GHz was built and tested to see how well it works. In this work, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 has been used as the substrate material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm; it serves as the base for the examined antenna. The computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite is utilized to show the recommended antenna design. The goal of this study was to get a more extensive transmission capacity, a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and a lower return loss, but the main goal was to get a higher gain, directivity, and efficiency. After simulation, the return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency of the supplied antenna are found to be -17.626 dB, 9.671 dBi, 9.924 dBi, 0.2 GHz, and 97.45%, respectively. Besides, the recreation uncovered that the transfer speed side-lobe level at phi was much better than those of the earlier works, at -28.8 dB, respectively. Thus, it makes a solid contender for remote innovation and more robust communication.
Design and simulation an optimal enhanced PI controller for congestion avoida...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, snake optimization algorithm (SOA) is used to find the optimal gains of an enhanced controller for controlling congestion problem in computer networks. M-file and Simulink platform is adopted to evaluate the response of the active queue management (AQM) system, a comparison with two classical controllers is done, all tuned gains of controllers are obtained using SOA method and the fitness function chose to monitor the system performance is the integral time absolute error (ITAE). Transient analysis and robust analysis is used to show the proposed controller performance, two robustness tests are applied to the AQM system, one is done by varying the size of queue value in different period and the other test is done by changing the number of transmission control protocol (TCP) sessions with a value of ± 20% from its original value. The simulation results reflect a stable and robust behavior and best performance is appeared clearly to achieve the desired queue size without any noise or any transmission problems.
Improving the detection of intrusion in vehicular ad-hoc networks with modifi...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless-equipped vehicles that form networks along the road. The security of this network has been a major challenge. The identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) previously used to secure the networks suffers from membership authentication security features. This paper focuses on improving the detection of intruders in VANETs with a modified identity-based cryptosystem (MIBC). The MIBC is developed using a non-singular elliptic curve with Lagrange interpolation. The public key of vehicles and roadside units on the network are derived from number plates and location identification numbers, respectively. Pseudo-identities are used to mask the real identity of users to preserve their privacy. The membership authentication mechanism ensures that only valid and authenticated members of the network are allowed to join the network. The performance of the MIBC is evaluated using intrusion detection ratio (IDR) and computation time (CT) and then validated with the existing IBC. The result obtained shows that the MIBC recorded an IDR of 99.3% against 94.3% obtained for the existing identity-based cryptosystem (EIBC) for 140 unregistered vehicles attempting to intrude on the network. The MIBC shows lower CT values of 1.17 ms against 1.70 ms for EIBC. The MIBC can be used to improve the security of VANETs.
Conceptual model of internet banking adoption with perceived risk and trust f...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Understanding the primary factors of internet banking (IB) acceptance is critical for both banks and users; nevertheless, our knowledge of the role of users’ perceived risk and trust in IB adoption is limited. As a result, we develop a conceptual model by incorporating perceived risk and trust into the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory toward the IB. The proper research emphasized that the most essential component in explaining IB adoption behavior is behavioral intention to use IB adoption. TAM is helpful for figuring out how elements that affect IB adoption are connected to one another. According to previous literature on IB and the use of such technology in Iraq, one has to choose a theoretical foundation that may justify the acceptance of IB from the customer’s perspective. The conceptual model was therefore constructed using the TAM as a foundation. Furthermore, perceived risk and trust were added to the TAM dimensions as external factors. The key objective of this work was to extend the TAM to construct a conceptual model for IB adoption and to get sufficient theoretical support from the existing literature for the essential elements and their relationships in order to unearth new insights about factors responsible for IB adoption.
Efficient combined fuzzy logic and LMS algorithm for smart antennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The smart antennas are broadly used in wireless communication. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is a procedure that is concerned in controlling the smart antenna pattern to accommodate specified requirements such as steering the beam toward the desired signal, in addition to placing the deep nulls in the direction of unwanted signals. The conventional LMS (C-LMS) has some drawbacks like slow convergence speed besides high steady state fluctuation error. To overcome these shortcomings, the present paper adopts an adaptive fuzzy control step size least mean square (FC-LMS) algorithm to adjust its step size. Computer simulation outcomes illustrate that the given model has fast convergence rate as well as low mean square error steady state.
Design and implementation of a LoRa-based system for warning of forest fireTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the design and implementation of a forest fire monitoring and warning system based on long range (LoRa) technology, a novel ultra-low power consumption and long-range wireless communication technology for remote sensing applications. The proposed system includes a wireless sensor network that records environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the air, as well as taking infrared photos.The data collected at each sensor node will be transmitted to the gateway via LoRa wireless transmission. Data will be collected, processed, and uploaded to a cloud database at the gateway. An Android smartphone application that allows anyone to easily view the recorded data has been developed. When a fire is detected, the system will sound a siren and send a warning message to the responsible personnel, instructing them to take appropriate action. Experiments in Tram Chim Park, Vietnam, have been conducted to verify and evaluate the operation of the system.
Wavelet-based sensing technique in cognitive radio networkTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cognitive radio is a smart radio that can change its transmitter parameter based on interaction with the environment in which it operates. The demand for frequency spectrum is growing due to a big data issue as many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are in the network. Based on previous research, most frequency spectrum was used, but some spectrums were not used, called spectrum hole. Energy detection is one of the spectrum sensing methods that has been frequently used since it is easy to use and does not require license users to have any prior signal understanding. But this technique is incapable of detecting at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Therefore, the wavelet-based sensing is proposed to overcome this issue and detect spectrum holes. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of wavelet-based sensing and compare it with the energy detection technique. The findings show that the percentage of detection in wavelet-based sensing is 83% higher than energy detection performance. This result indicates that the wavelet-based sensing has higher precision in detection and the interference towards primary user can be decreased.
A novel compact dual-band bandstop filter with enhanced rejection bandsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we present the design of a new wide dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) using nonuniform transmission lines. The method used to design this filter is to replace conventional uniform transmission lines with nonuniform lines governed by a truncated Fourier series. Based on how impedances are profiled in the proposed DBBSF structure, the fractional bandwidths of the two 10 dB-down rejection bands are widened to 39.72% and 52.63%, respectively, and the physical size has been reduced compared to that of the filter with the uniform transmission lines. The results of the electromagnetic (EM) simulation support the obtained analytical response and show an improved frequency behavior.
Deep learning approach to DDoS attack with imbalanced data at the application...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is where one or more computers attack or target a server computer, by flooding internet traffic to the server. As a result, the server cannot be accessed by legitimate users. A result of this attack causes enormous losses for a company because it can reduce the level of user trust, and reduce the company’s reputation to lose customers due to downtime. One of the services at the application layer that can be accessed by users is a web-based lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) service that can provide safe and easy services to access directory applications. We used a deep learning approach to detect DDoS attacks on the CICDDoS 2019 dataset on a complex computer network at the application layer to get fast and accurate results for dealing with unbalanced data. Based on the results obtained, it is observed that DDoS attack detection using a deep learning approach on imbalanced data performs better when implemented using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method for binary classes. On the other hand, the proposed deep learning approach performs better for detecting DDoS attacks in multiclass when implemented using the adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) method.
The appearance of uncertainties and disturbances often effects the characteristics of either linear or nonlinear systems. Plus, the stabilization process may be deteriorated thus incurring a catastrophic effect to the system performance. As such, this manuscript addresses the concept of matching condition for the systems that are suffering from miss-match uncertainties and exogeneous disturbances. The perturbation towards the system at hand is assumed to be known and unbounded. To reach this outcome, uncertainties and their classifications are reviewed thoroughly. The structural matching condition is proposed and tabulated in the proposition 1. Two types of mathematical expressions are presented to distinguish the system with matched uncertainty and the system with miss-matched uncertainty. Lastly, two-dimensional numerical expressions are provided to practice the proposed proposition. The outcome shows that matching condition has the ability to change the system to a design-friendly model for asymptotic stabilization.
Implementation of FinFET technology based low power 4×4 Wallace tree multipli...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Many systems, including digital signal processors, finite impulse response (FIR) filters, application-specific integrated circuits, and microprocessors, use multipliers. The demand for low power multipliers is gradually rising day by day in the current technological trend. In this study, we describe a 4×4 Wallace multiplier based on a carry select adder (CSA) that uses less power and has a better power delay product than existing multipliers. HSPICE tool at 16 nm technology is used to simulate the results. In comparison to the traditional CSA-based multiplier, which has a power consumption of 1.7 µW and power delay product (PDP) of 57.3 fJ, the results demonstrate that the Wallace multiplier design employing CSA with first zero finding logic (FZF) logic has the lowest power consumption of 1.4 µW and PDP of 27.5 fJ.
Evaluation of the weighted-overlap add model with massive MIMO in a 5G systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The flaw in 5G orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) becomes apparent in high-speed situations. Because the doppler effect causes frequency shifts, the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers is broken, lowering both their bit error rate (BER) and throughput output. As part of this research, we use a novel design that combines massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and weighted overlap and add (WOLA) to improve the performance of 5G systems. To determine which design is superior, throughput and BER are calculated for both the proposed design and OFDM. The results of the improved system show a massive improvement in performance ver the conventional system and significant improvements with massive MIMO, including the best throughput and BER. When compared to conventional systems, the improved system has a throughput that is around 22% higher and the best performance in terms of BER, but it still has around 25% less error than OFDM.
Reflector antenna design in different frequencies using frequency selective s...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, it is aimed to obtain two different asymmetric radiation patterns obtained from antennas in the shape of the cross-section of a parabolic reflector (fan blade type antennas) and antennas with cosecant-square radiation characteristics at two different frequencies from a single antenna. For this purpose, firstly, a fan blade type antenna design will be made, and then the reflective surface of this antenna will be completed to the shape of the reflective surface of the antenna with the cosecant-square radiation characteristic with the frequency selective surface designed to provide the characteristics suitable for the purpose. The frequency selective surface designed and it provides the perfect transmission as possible at 4 GHz operating frequency, while it will act as a band-quenching filter for electromagnetic waves at 5 GHz operating frequency and will be a reflective surface. Thanks to this frequency selective surface to be used as a reflective surface in the antenna, a fan blade type radiation characteristic at 4 GHz operating frequency will be obtained, while a cosecant-square radiation characteristic at 5 GHz operating frequency will be obtained.
Reagentless iron detection in water based on unclad fiber optical sensorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A simple and low-cost fiber based optical sensor for iron detection is demonstrated in this paper. The sensor head consist of an unclad optical fiber with the unclad length of 1 cm and it has a straight structure. Results obtained shows a linear relationship between the output light intensity and iron concentration, illustrating the functionality of this iron optical sensor. Based on the experimental results, the sensitivity and linearity are achieved at 0.0328/ppm and 0.9824 respectively at the wavelength of 690 nm. With the same wavelength, other performance parameters are also studied. Resolution and limit of detection (LOD) are found to be 0.3049 ppm and 0.0755 ppm correspondingly. This iron sensor is advantageous in that it does not require any reagent for detection, enabling it to be simpler and cost-effective in the implementation of the iron sensing.
Impact of CuS counter electrode calcination temperature on quantum dot sensit...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
A progressive learning for structural tolerance online sequential extreme lea...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article discusses the progressive learning for structural tolerance online sequential extreme learning machine (PSTOS-ELM). PSTOS-ELM can save robust accuracy while updating the new data and the new class data on the online training situation. The robustness accuracy arises from using the householder block exact QR decomposition recursive least squares (HBQRD-RLS) of the PSTOS-ELM. This method is suitable for applications that have data streaming and often have new class data. Our experiment compares the PSTOS-ELM accuracy and accuracy robustness while data is updating with the batch-extreme learning machine (ELM) and structural tolerance online sequential extreme learning machine (STOS-ELM) that both must retrain the data in a new class data case. The experimental results show that PSTOS-ELM has accuracy and robustness comparable to ELM and STOS-ELM while also can update new class data immediately.
Electroencephalography-based brain-computer interface using neural networksTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study aimed to develop a brain-computer interface that can control an electric wheelchair using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. First, we used the Mind Wave Mobile 2 device to capture raw EEG signals from the surface of the scalp. The signals were transformed into the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and filtered to monitor changes in attention and relaxation. Next, we performed time and frequency domain analyses to identify features for five eye gestures: opened, closed, blink per second, double blink, and lookup. The base state was the opened-eyes gesture, and we compared the features of the remaining four action gestures to the base state to identify potential gestures. We then built a multilayer neural network to classify these features into five signals that control the wheelchair’s movement. Finally, we designed an experimental wheelchair system to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the EEG classification was highly accurate and computationally efficient. Moreover, the average performance of the brain-controlled wheelchair system was over 75% across different individuals, which suggests the feasibility of this approach.
Adaptive segmentation algorithm based on level set model in medical imagingTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
For image segmentation, level set models are frequently employed. It offer best solution to overcome the main limitations of deformable parametric models. However, the challenge when applying those models in medical images stills deal with removing blurs in image edges which directly affects the edge indicator function, leads to not adaptively segmenting images and causes a wrong analysis of pathologies wich prevents to conclude a correct diagnosis. To overcome such issues, an effective process is suggested by simultaneously modelling and solving systems’ two-dimensional partial differential equations (PDE). The first PDE equation allows restoration using Euler’s equation similar to an anisotropic smoothing based on a regularized Perona and Malik filter that eliminates noise while preserving edge information in accordance with detected contours in the second equation that segments the image based on the first equation solutions. This approach allows developing a new algorithm which overcome the studied model drawbacks. Results of the proposed method give clear segments that can be applied to any application. Experiments on many medical images in particular blurry images with high information losses, demonstrate that the developed approach produces superior segmentation results in terms of quantity and quality compared to other models already presented in previeous works.
Automatic channel selection using shuffled frog leaping algorithm for EEG bas...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Drug addiction is a complex neurobiological disorder that necessitates comprehensive treatment of both the body and mind. It is categorized as a brain disorder due to its impact on the brain. Various methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) can capture brain activities and structures. EEG signals provide valuable insights into neurological disorders, including drug addiction. Accurate classification of drug addiction from EEG signals relies on appropriate features and channel selection. Choosing the right EEG channels is essential to reduce computational costs and mitigate the risk of overfitting associated with using all available channels. To address the challenge of optimal channel selection in addiction detection from EEG signals, this work employs the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA). SFLA facilitates the selection of appropriate channels, leading to improved accuracy. Wavelet features extracted from the selected input channel signals are then analyzed using various machine learning classifiers to detect addiction. Experimental results indicate that after selecting features from the appropriate channels, classification accuracy significantly increased across all classifiers. Particularly, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier combined with SFLA demonstrated a remarkable accuracy improvement of 15.78% while reducing time complexity.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. Imagine a world where your refrigerator notifies you when you’re running low on groceries, or streetlights adjust their brightness based on traffic patterns – that’s the power of IoT. In essence, IoT transforms ordinary objects into smart, interconnected devices, creating a network of endless possibilities.
Here is a blog on the role of electrical and electronics engineers in IOT. Let's dig in!!!!
For more such content visit: https://nttftrg.com/
2. TELKOMNIKA ISSN: 1693-6930
A Model and Algorithm of Dynamic Map Expression and its Application (Wanwu Li)
687
dynamic map symbols based on rich Internet and achieved the dynamical substitution of point
symbols on the map published by ArcGIS Server with ArcGIS API for Flex. Possum [10]
proposed beyond the sharp distinction of animated and static maps by combining the qualities
of both in one new representation method and put forward the concept: semi-static animations.
The core idea of the concept is to make all information visually available to the user at any given
time of the animation. Duarte [11] presented a new tool to produce ground water vulnerability to
pollution dynamic maps under a GIS open source environment. And this application was
developed within the QGIS software.
However the visual effect of dynamic map expression is restricted by key frames and
the number of frames. That is, the more the number of animation frames is given, the more
continuous without jumping the visual effect is, but the greater the amount of data is. So the
selection of key frame is particularly important. Simultaneously, the existing research results are
in the lack of systemic results for symbolic models of dynamic map expression.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Construction of Dynamic Expression Model Based on Symbols
2.1.1. Dynamic Visual Variable
Bertin [12] has put forward eight basic visual variables of map symbol, which are shape,
size, direction, lightness, density, structure, color and position. In order to adapt to the dynamic
map expression and increase the dynamic characteristics of symbols, we define dynamic visual
variables of symbol including start time, duration, speedof change, and frequency of change,
order of change and rate of change on the basis of summarizing the result [13, 14] of dynamic
visual variables. It is important to note that the first four variables are single symbol visual
variables and the last two variables are group symbol visual variables. And the end time of the
variables can be derived from the start time and duration.
2.1.2. The Dynamic Symbol Attributes
The feature of geographical entity includes four aspects: attribute feature, geometry
feature, position feature and topology feature. The geometry feature which includes geometry
shapes and size may be sorted in attribute feature with respect to position features, but it is
classified as a single item to emphasize the geometry attribute. Dynamic features of
geographical entity [15] means to be the changes of the above four features, that is the change
feature of attribute feature, geometry feature, spatial position (movement) feature and
topological relation feature.
Dynamic visual expression based on symbols is to use graphics snapshot within
recognition limit of human eyes to simulate and display dynamic feature of the change and
movement of ground entity and phenomenon in a certain period by choosing appropriate time
resolution. That is, using the overlap of the eight basic visual variables and the proposed six
dynamic visual variables displays the changes of attribute features, geometry features,
position features and topology features of geographical entity.
2.1.3. Construction of Dynamic Expression Model Based on Symbols
The model uses the time interval of less than 0.1 second as a unit of time (time frame)
to control the process of animation referencing the thought of animation design in the Flash.
Spatial feature of ground object phenomenon at different time point is expressed using map
symbols and used as a key frame [16]. With the help of the persistence of vision of human in
physiology and psychology, the pictures frame of the key frame and intermediate frame are
played in succession according to chronological order and certain constraint rules, and the time
relationship between the key frames determines the change order of the symbols. The
transformation function among the key frames can be used in different change forms such as
constant velocity change, acceleration change, deceleration change, period change. A dynamic
expression model based on symbols is constructed, as shown in Figure 1.
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Figure 1. Dynamic Expression Model Based on Symbols
2.2. Design of Key Frames Transform Algorithm for Dynamic Expression
The transformation mapping among the key frames controls the interpolation generation
of the intermediate frame of the symbol [12], which is the key to achieve dynamic symbols
expression. The symbol feature of each key frame includes attribute feature, geometry feature,
position feature and topology feature. The transform algorithm of the key framesat particular
moment is designed based on the dynamic expression model of symbol, which is as following.
Firstly, set C for symbol frame at intermediate moment and judge if there is a time Ti
which meets , and if there is no time to meet the conditions, that
means the symbol frame C is beyond the change range of the current symbol and cannot
generate the intermediate frame. Then calculate the time proportion of the position of
intermediate frame , put it into symbol rate dynamic model , and calculate
the weight coefficient K.
Several typical dynamic models of symbol rate are presented here for the request of
different rates:
(1) In the case of symbols changing first rapidly and then slowly, use the symbol rate
dynamic model , and in which the larger “a” is, the faster the symbol
changes on early stage.
(2) In the case of symbols changing first slowly and then rapidly, use the symbol rate
dynamic model , in which the larger “a” is, the faster the symbol changes
on later stage.
(3) In the case of symbols changing at a constant speed, use the symbol rate dynamic
model , and where “t” and “K” should meet the following conditions:
Secondly, for the non-geometrical attributes, calculate all the non-geometrical attributes
of intermediate frame after getting the weight coefficient Kaccording to the attribute
transformation formula:
For the geometrical attributes, generate the geometrical attributes of intermediate frame
C by using two-dimensional Murphy Transformation according to the geometrical attributes of
the two frame before and after intermediate frame C: Gigand Gi+1. For illustration purposes, it is
thought that the complex graphics can be obtained through the combination of the Euclidean
geometry geometric point, line and plane three basic graphics. The intermediate graphic
between two different graphics can be generated by the graphics transformation matrix. In the
matrix element , i and j represent the original element types two adjacent frames. And
their corresponding functions are the corresponding graphics transformation functions.
The implementation of algorithm has consistency. The specific process is as follows.
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1. Judge whether the geometric attributes Type_Giand Type_Gi+1 of adjacent two
frame graphics are same or not. If they are different, unify graphic types by unifying the point to
line or polygon, the line to polygon. It is considered that the point is the line or polygon whose
nodes are coincident, and line is the polygon whose two nodes are coincident.
2. Make Gi and Gi+1 have the same number of nodes through uniform interpolation
and establish one-to-one mapping relationship.
3. Use interpolation formula separately for each pair of
mapping points to get the geometrical attributes of intermediate frame.
3. Experimental Results
Application examples of graphics dynamic expression is stated in the part. We takes the
making process of the dynamic change map of the proportion of urban population of cities in
Shandong Province from 2000 to 2004 as an example, and introduce the basic method of
dynamic map making by Flash MX3.
3.1. Digitization of Base Map
Digitization of the map can use different software. The map digitized using Flash MX3
can be used directly and the map digitized by other software such as ArcInfo、Coreldraw need
to be transformed to the format that can be recognized by Flash MX3, then it will be imported to
Flash MX3. Create a new movie clip element and named as the "subject" in Flash MX3, import
the base map in JPG format into the bottom layerthen load the vectorized maps of cities into
corresponding layers and adjust its size and location to coincide with the base map.
3.2. Attribute Data Collation
The amount of urban population and rural population of cities in Shandong province five
years from 2000 to 2004 is counted and input into Microsoft Excel form. The total population,
the proportion of urban population and the chain growth rate in each year are calculated as
shown in Figure 2. The numerical range of the proportion of urban population of citiesis also
calculated (15%-52%) to reserve.
Figure 2. The table screenshot of urban and rural population of cities in Shandong province in
2000-2004
3.3. Adding Map Elements
1. Adding dynamic title. We put "subject" element into the scene in Flash MX3, and
create a new layer and add the title “Dynamic map of urban population proportion in cities of
Shandong Province from 2000 to 2004” in a suitable place. At the same time, we write the city
name on each administrative region. By clicking on the tool on the toolbar, we can add text
and also adjust the text format through property bar. After the above steps, the map is shown in
Figure 3. Then, we insert the key frames between the 5th and the 25th frame on the time axis of
title layer, and select the first frame, zoom out the proportion of the title center position to a
certain extent and then create tween animation between the first frame and the fifth frame.
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Figure 3. Vectorizationof base map after adding map elements
2. Creating and adding the legend. We create graphic element named "ruler" and draw
a ratio scale of urbanization by rectangular drawing tool and gradient color tool. In this example,
the urbanization proportion scale is divided into 4 big levels and 39 small levels. On the premise
of scientificity, the color changes of each administrative region should be taken into account.
The colors should not be in the same color gamut, otherwise it makes the whole map into a
color and difficult to distinguish the color. And the map should notuse too much color gamut,
otherwise too messy. For the other legends such as compass, scale and seat of government,
wemay import the existing legend resources into resource library. After creating a legend layer,
the needed legend resources will be put into the scene. Finally, we make them suit the maps by
adjusting color, size and location.
3.4. The Creation of Special Dynamic Effects
1. Color transformation effect. Taking Jinan city as an example, it surbanization
proportion in the five years are 41%、44%、50%、51%、52% respectively. We set the length of
animation to 25 frames and insert a key frame for every 5 frames. Each frame corresponds to
the change of ayear, and the color of each frame will be set to the corresponding color in the
legend of urbanization proportion corresponding year. and then we create shape tween
animation to realize the color transformation of administrative region. We create a new layer and
a 25-frame long animation, also insert a key frame for every 5 frames and add the digital
information of urbanization proportion to the layer. Similarly, we create the dynamic maps of all
the administrative regions. The results are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Dynamic map effect
2. Continuous flashing effect. The design scheme is that when the urbanization
proportion of an administrative region in a year is higher than the given threshold, make the map
flash firstly for attention and then play the subsequent animation. The urbanization proportion of
Jinan from 2001 to 2002 in the example rises from 44% to 50%, since we insert the key frame
between the eleventh frame and the twelfth frame and set the color transparency of the
administrative region at eleventh frame to 60%. In this way, it will generate flashing effect when
playing the tenth frame.
3. Objects moving effect. Various administrative regions involve two kinds of change in
this example. The one is using the change of background color of administrative region
indicates the change of urbanization proportion; The other is taking building icons expresses the
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total change of urban population. When the urban population number of a certain administrative
region changes more than 10000, the building icons will increase or decrease.
3.5. The Realization of the Interactive Function
Create a new component named “pause” whose type is button. When clicking on the
component, it is divided into 4 frames: “key up”, “pointer past”, “press”, “click”, which can also be
drawn according to the requirements. The button “play” and “stop” are created in the similar
way. After completing drag the buttons into the scene on a suitable place. Right click the “play”
button to choose the action option and add the certain codes to the button. The user can
realizes the simple interactive control of the dynamic map in this way. So far, dynamic map of
urban population proportion in cities of Shandong Province from 2000 to 2004 has been
completed.
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Based on the above constructed symbolic dynamic expression model, we adopt the key
frame algorithm to select and process the key frames to better balance the visual effects and
the amount of data of the dynamic map. And the effect of partial the dynamic maps produced is
shown as follows.
Figure 5. Dynamic map of sea level rising influence on Qingdao
Figure 6. Typhoon Soulik advancing map
Compared with traditional static maps, dynamic map can reflect the continuous dynamic
changes more effectively, and transmit more abundant geographical spatial information and
attribute information that changed with time. It has stronger interaction and presentation and
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greatly expands the application function of the traditional static maps. This paper builds the
dynamic map expression model based on symbol and designs the key frame transformation
algorithm. Compared with the existing production methods of dynamic map, this result can
improve the visual effect of dynamic map expression, effectively carry out the selection and
transformation of key frames and reduce the difficulty of key frame selection. On the basis of the
above theoretical study, the method and process of making dynamic map using generals of
tware are demonstrated in detail by examples. The research in this paper will be beneficial to
combine the dynamic map expression with the matic map and 3D expression, and promote the
study and application of the matic dynamic expression and three-dimensional dynamic
expression.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province
(NO.ZR2012FM015), Scientific Planning Project of Qingdao Economic and Technological
Development Area (NO.2013-1-27), the Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Technology
on Island and Reed, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of
China (NO.2014B08), the Key Laboratory of Satellite Mapping Technology and Application,
National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation (NO.KLAMTA-201407). The
authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the above.
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