A compound with a polar covalent bond has a perma.pdf
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A compound with a polar covalent bond has a permanent dipole. This is because the more electronegative atom in the bond pulls electron density towards itself, leaving the other atom with a slight deficit in electron density. This results in the electronegative atom having a partial positive charge, and the less electronegative atom bearing a partial negative charge. Water, H2O, has two polar covalent bonds. Thus, it bears partial positives on the hydrogens and a partial negative on the oxygen. When water encounters another molecule with a partial charge, it is attracted to those partial charges in the same way a magnet would be - positive seeks negative, negative seeks positive. This attraction allows polar compounds to dissolve in water. Oils are nonpolar substances and will not interact with partially charged compounds. Thus, a polar compound is more likely to be attracted to itself than to the oil solvent, and the compound will not dissolve. A is correct. Solution A compound with a polar covalent bond has a permanent dipole. This is because the more electronegative atom in the bond pulls electron density towards itself, leaving the other atom with a slight deficit in electron density. This results in the electronegative atom having a partial positive charge, and the less electronegative atom bearing a partial negative charge. Water, H2O, has two polar covalent bonds. Thus, it bears partial positives on the hydrogens and a partial negative on the oxygen. When water encounters another molecule with a partial charge, it is attracted to those partial charges in the same way a magnet would be - positive seeks negative, negative seeks positive. This attraction allows polar compounds to dissolve in water. Oils are nonpolar substances and will not interact with partially charged compounds. Thus, a polar compound is more likely to be attracted to itself than to the oil solvent, and the compound will not dissolve. A is correct..
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Aspartylglucosaminuria is a genetic condition that is inherited from both parents. The AGU
patient is born with two copies of the mutated AGA gene. One copy comes from the mother’s
egg and the other copy comes from the father’s sperm In order to develop
aspartylglucosaminuria, the individual must inherit changes in both of his AGU genes
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anomaly/mental retardation syndrome in Finland
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glycoproteins. These proteins are most abundant in the tissues of the body and in the surfaces of
major organs, such as theliver, spleen, thyroid and nerves. When glycoproteins are not broken
down, aspartylglucosaminidase backs up in the lysosomes along with other substances. This
backup causes progressive damage to the tissues and organs
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gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive
condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and
symptoms of the condition.
b) What is the incidence of this disease in the USA, i.e. what fraction of the population is
affected;
The worldwide incidence of alpha-mannosidosis is in the range of 1 per 500,000 to 1 per
1,000,000. Mannosidosis is found in all ethnic groups in Europe, America, Africa, and Asia.
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Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the enzyme
alpha-D-mannosidase. In humans it is known to be caused by an autosomal recessive genetic
mutation. In lives.
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B.sc(microbiology, biotechnology and biochemistry) ii inorganic chemistry uni...
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Note two negative charges on phosphate group.
Ans. b. The weak attractive interaction between a highly electronegative atom (F, O, N) and a H-
atom covalently linked to any such highly electronegative atoms is called hydrogen bond. A
larger difference in the electronegativity of the two atoms in a bond (say, O and H-atoms in a O-
H bond) causes partial charge separation because the electronegative atom pulls the bond
electrons slightly towards itself. Thus, the electronegative atom gets a partial negative charge and
the less electronegative atom gets a partial positive charge. It makes the bond polar (two poles of
charge- a partial negative pole of O-atom, and partial positive charge on H-atom). When a polar
molecule comes in vicinity of another polar group or molecule, the partial positive charge on one
group (molecule) is attracted by partial negative charge on another group (molecule) and vice
versa. This weak attraction is what we call hydrogen bond.
A water (H2O) molecule has both- I. a highly electronegative atom (O- atom), and II. a H-atom
covalently linked to highly electronegative atom.
So, it can form H-bond with a molecule that has-
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of water
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To mitigate corrosion and prolong the lifespan of materials, various protection methods are employed:
Barrier Protection: This involves applying coatings or barriers to physically isolate the material from its environment. Common barrier materials include paints, polymer coatings, and enamels. These coatings create a protective layer that prevents corrosive agents from reaching the underlying material.
Cathodic Protection: This method involves making the metal to be protected the cathode of an electrochemical cell, thus reducing its corrosion rate. Cathodic protection can be achieved through sacrificial anodes, where a more reactive metal (such as zinc or magnesium) is connected to the metal to be protected, sacrificing itself to protect the base metal.
Anodic Protection: Conversely, anodic protection works by polarizing the metal to be protected to make it the anode in an electrochemical cell. This method is suitable for metals that exhibit passivity, such as stainless steel. By maintaining the metal in its passive state, its corrosion rate is significantly reduced.
Inhibitors: Corrosion inhibitors are chemicals that are added to the environment surrounding the metal to reduce its corrosion rate. Inhibitors work by adsorbing onto the metal surface, forming a protective layer that blocks corrosive agents from reaching the metal. Common inhibitors include organic compounds, chromates, and phosphates.
Alloying: Alloying involves mixing the base metal with other elements to improve its corrosion resistance. For example, stainless steel contains chromium, which forms a passive oxide layer on the surface, protecting the underlying metal from corrosion.
Design Modification: Sometimes, corrosion can be mitigated through design modifications that minimize exposure to corrosive environments or improve drainage to prevent the accumulation of moisture.
Each protection method has its advantages and limitations, and the choice of method depends on factors such as the material, the environment, cost considerations, and the required durability. In many cases, a combination of protection methods may be employed to provide optimal corrosion resistance.
Overall, effective corrosion protection is essential for maintaining the integrity and longevity of
Podcastppt5
Bond dipole moments are caused by differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms. They depend on the amount of charge separation and distance between charges. Molecular dipole moments are the vector sum of individual bond dipole moments and are influenced by bond polarity and angles. Intermolecular forces like dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersions, and hydrogen bonding affect properties such as melting point, boiling point, and solubility. Hydrogen bonding results in the strongest intermolecular forces.
Polarity of molecules
Polarity in molecules arises from differences in electronegativity between atoms. Polar molecules have partial positive and negative charges separated within the molecule. Water is a common example of a polar molecule due to the oxygen atom's higher electronegativity relative to the hydrogen atoms. Non-polar molecules have electron distribution that symmetrically cancels out partial charges. Dipole moment measures a molecule's polarity as a function of the distance and magnitude of separated partial charges. Common polar molecules with dipole moments include water and carbon dioxide.
Polarity of Molecules 7538657536612631.ppt
This document discusses electronegativity and polarity in molecules. It defines electronegativity as an atom's ability to attract shared electrons, which increases up the periodic table. Polar covalent bonds form when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unevenly. The difference in electronegativity determines bond polarity. Molecules are polar if their positive and negative charge centers do not overlap, and nonpolar if they do. Polarity affects solubility, as like dissolves like - polar solvents dissolve ionic and polar substances, while nonpolar solvents do not mix with polar liquids.
NaCl Its the coulombic interaction between Na.pdf
NaCl : It\'s the coulombic interaction between Na+ and Cl- due to which crystal
exists. It\'s not ionic intereaction. It\'s ionic interaction. (very strong). NaCl dissolves in water.
It\'s not due to hydrogen bonding. It\'s due to strong ion-dipole interactions. Initially, the
positive and negative ion are only attracted to each other. The water molecules are hydrogen
bonded to each other. If the crystal is to dissolve, these bonds must be broken. Negative chloride
ions on the surface are attracted by neighboring positive sodium ions and by the partially positive
hydrogen atom in the polar water molecule (See the graphic on the left). Similarly, the positive
sodium ions are attracted by both chloride ions and the partially negative oxygen atom in the
polar water molecule. A \"tug-of-war\" occurs for the positive and negative ions between the
other ions in the crystal and the water molecules. Several water molecules are attracted to each of
the ions. Whether the crystal dissolves is determined by which attractive force is stronger. If the
internal ionic forces in the crystal are the strongest, the crystal does not dissolve. This is the
situation in reactions where precipitates form. If the attractions for the ions by the polar water
molecules are the strongest, the crystal will dissolve. This is the situation in sodium chloride.
Once the ions are released from the crystals, the ions are completely surrounded by water
molecules. Note that the proper atom in the water molecule must \"point\" toward the correct ion.
The charge principle and the partial charges in the polar molecule determine the correct
orientation. Partially negative oxygen atoms in the water molecule interact with the positive
sodium ion. Partially positive hydrogen atoms in the water molecule interact with the negative
chloride ion. Sugar : The interaction between sugar molecule and water is greater than between
sugar molecules. So When sugar is put into water, it likes to form hydrogen bonds with water. So
it breaks glycosidic linkages and forms hydrogen bonds with water. Initially it separates into
polymer sugar chains, but later it dissociates into individual molecules.
Solution
NaCl : It\'s the coulombic interaction between Na+ and Cl- due to which crystal
exists. It\'s not ionic intereaction. It\'s ionic interaction. (very strong). NaCl dissolves in water.
It\'s not due to hydrogen bonding. It\'s due to strong ion-dipole interactions. Initially, the
positive and negative ion are only attracted to each other. The water molecules are hydrogen
bonded to each other. If the crystal is to dissolve, these bonds must be broken. Negative chloride
ions on the surface are attracted by neighboring positive sodium ions and by the partially positive
hydrogen atom in the polar water molecule (See the graphic on the left). Similarly, the positive
sodium ions are attracted by both chloride ions and the partially negative oxygen atom in the
polar water molecule. A \"tug-of-war\" occurs for.
Intermolecular forces
This document discusses different types of intermolecular forces: permanent dipole-dipole forces, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonding. It describes how each type of force arises and provides examples to illustrate the effects of these forces on molecular properties like boiling points. Specifically, it notes that hydrogen bonding results in water having a higher boiling point than other hydrides and ice floating due to its lower density than liquid water.
Water’s life supporting properties
Water has unique properties that support life due to its molecular structure and ability to form hydrogen bonds. The polar nature of the water molecule, with slightly positive and negative ends, allows it to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. This gives water high surface tension, adhesion, cohesion, heat capacity, and the ability to dissolve many substances. It also explains why ice floats on liquid water, maintaining the viability of aquatic ecosystems.
stans-legacy-live-streams.pdf
Stanley A Meyer Legacy Back up Secret Docs Save all Protect Spread print and give to schools NEVER STOP!!!!!!! Join Support here https://www.patreon.com/securesupplies/shop
nature of bonding of chemistry
- Organic chemistry involves carbon-based compounds, with hydrogen usually being the second most common element. Other common elements are oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens.
- Most bonds in organic compounds are covalent, formed through shared electron pairs between atoms. Whether bonds are ionic or covalent depends on the electro-negativity difference between bonded atoms.
- Polar covalent bonds form when there is some electro-negativity difference between atoms, causing the electron cloud to shift slightly towards the more electronegative atom. This gives the atoms partial positive or negative charges.
Basic Chemistry Review.pptx
This document provides information on key concepts in earth and space science including:
- Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus.
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons. Chemical bonds such as covalent and ionic bonds form compounds with different properties than their constituent elements.
- Acids and bases are defined by their release of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in water, and indicators are used to determine if a solution is acidic or basic. Water has unique properties due to its polarity that allow it to dissolve many substances and transport materials in living things.
Chemical Structure of Water.pptx
Each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bound to one oxygen atom at an angle of 104.5 degrees, giving water its bent shape. The oxygen atom has a partial negative charge while the hydrogen atoms have a partial positive charge, allowing hydrogen bonds to form between the polar water molecules. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak but plentiful, contributing to water's unique properties.
Nature of bonding
- Organic chemistry deals with carbon-based compounds. Carbon forms covalent bonds with other elements by hybridizing its atomic orbitals.
- Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds depending on whether it undergoes sp3, sp2 or sp hybridization, respectively. This allows carbon to achieve the correct molecular geometry and bond energies.
- The type of bonding (ionic, covalent or coordinate covalent) between elements depends on their difference in electronegativity. Covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar depending on this difference.
Nature of bonding
This document discusses the electronic configuration of carbon and how it forms bonds. It explains that carbon normally forms four single bonds by undergoing sp3 hybridization, where one 2s orbital and three 2p orbitals combine to form four new hybrid orbitals oriented toward the corners of a tetrahedron. It also discusses sp2 and sp hybridization which allow carbon to form multiple and triple bonds. The document contrasts primary covalent, ionic, and coordinate covalent bonds from secondary bonds formed by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.
1.1 Atoms And Bonding
The document discusses metabolic processes and the chemistry of life. It explains that metabolic processes involve chemical reactions in cells that transform energy from food and build cellular structures. These reactions break down and synthesize substances, with wastes eliminated. It then discusses the basics of atoms, bonding, and solubility to provide context for understanding biochemical processes at the cellular level.
Unit 1 As chemistry
This document provides information on various chemistry concepts including acids and salts, redox reactions, atomic structure and bonding, and periodic trends. It defines several acids and their molecular formulas. It describes redox reactions involving acids and bases. It also defines ionization energy, electron configuration, ionic bonding, covalent bonding and metallic bonding. Finally, it discusses factors that influence ionization energy and melting/boiling points across periods 2 and 3 based on atomic structure and bonding type.
hydrogen bonding.pptx
Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen forms an electrostatic attraction to another electronegative atom. This occurs in compounds containing O-H or N-H bonds like water, alcohols, acids, and amines. The hydrogen bond is weaker than a covalent bond but significantly impacts properties like boiling point and solubility. Compounds with hydrogen bonding have higher boiling points and solubility compared to similar compounds without hydrogen bonding.
4043247.ppt biochemistry of water & electrolyte
This document provides an overview of key concepts regarding water and its importance in biochemistry. It discusses water's unique physical and chemical properties, including its molecular structure and ability to form hydrogen bonds. This allows water to have high boiling and melting points and act as a universal solvent. The document also covers water's roles as a solvent, including hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. It describes noncovalent bonds like ionic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals forces that are important for molecular interactions in water. Key properties of water like its thermal properties, osmotic pressure, and role in acid-base reactions are also summarized.
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Which group is shown as an ion hat are bonded to one of the carbon .pdf
Which group is shown as an ion hat are bonded to one of the carbon .pdf
More from anandinternational01
Sorry, the correct answer is D .pdf
The document provides a short correction, stating that the correct answer to a previous question is choice D. It then labels a section "Solution" but provides no further explanation or details.
1) Aspartylglycosaminuriaa) What is the inheritance pattern of thi.pdf
1) Aspartylglycosaminuria
a) What is the inheritance pattern of this disease;
Aspartylglucosaminuria is a genetic condition that is inherited from both parents. The AGU
patient is born with two copies of the mutated AGA gene. One copy comes from the mother’s
egg and the other copy comes from the father’s sperm In order to develop
aspartylglucosaminuria, the individual must inherit changes in both of his AGU genes
(autonomic recessive inheritance). When a person receives one changed form of the gene AGU
from one of the parents, the individual is then classified as a carrier.
b) What is the incidence of this disease in the USA, i.e. what fraction of the population is
affected;
Aspartylglucosaminuria is estimated to affect 1 in 18,500 people in Finland. This condition is
less common in other countries, but the incidence is unknown.Even though this disease can occur
in various races and ethnicities, another study backed this finding up by stating that 1 in 26,000
people in Finland had the disease and that 1 in 18,000 were carriers.
After trisomy 21 and fragile X syndrome, this is the most frequent multiple congenital
anomaly/mental retardation syndrome in Finland
c) What is the biochemical defect that causes this disease? (15 points)
The disease is caused by a defect in an enzyme known as aspartylglucosaminidase. This enzyme
plays a significant role in our bodies because it aids in breaking down certain sugars (for
example,oligosaccharides) that are attached to specific proteins (for example, glycoproteins).
Aspartylglucosaminuria itself is characterized as a lysosomal disease because it does deal with
inadequate activity in an enzyme\'s function. Aspartylglucosaminidase functions to break down
glycoproteins. These proteins are most abundant in the tissues of the body and in the surfaces of
major organs, such as theliver, spleen, thyroid and nerves. When glycoproteins are not broken
down, aspartylglucosaminidase backs up in the lysosomes along with other substances. This
backup causes progressive damage to the tissues and organs
2) Alpha-mannosidosis
a) What is the inheritance pattern of this disease;
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the
gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive
condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and
symptoms of the condition.
b) What is the incidence of this disease in the USA, i.e. what fraction of the population is
affected;
The worldwide incidence of alpha-mannosidosis is in the range of 1 per 500,000 to 1 per
1,000,000. Mannosidosis is found in all ethnic groups in Europe, America, Africa, and Asia.
c) What is the biochemical defect that causes this disease? (15 points)
Alpha-mannosidosis is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient activity of the enzyme
alpha-D-mannosidase. In humans it is known to be caused by an autosomal recessive genetic
mutation. In lives.
mollity = moles of solutemass of the solvent .pdf
mollity = moles of solute/mass of the solvent
Solution
mollity = moles of solute/mass of the solvent.
import required package file import java.io.File; The Filed.pdf
// import required package file
import java.io.File;
// The Filedetails class
public class FileDetails {
// Constructor that performs the action
public FileDetails(String filename)
{
// File object to get details
File file=new File(filename);
// printing obsolute path
System.out.println(\"Absolute path of file:\"+file.getAbsolutePath());
// printing file size in bytes
System.out.println(\"File Size in bytes:\"+file.length());
// Checking if file is readable
if(file.canRead())
System.out.println(\"The file is readable\");
else
System.out.println(\"The file is not readable\");
// checking if file is writable
if(file.canWrite())
System.out.println(\"The file is writable\");
else
System.out.println(\"The file is not writable\");
}
// main method goes here
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
// object instantiation
FileDetails fd=new FileDetails(\"anyfile.doc\"); // You should give exact path and file name
here
}
}
// Importing required packages
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
// the writestring class
public class WriteString {
// Writestring class
public WriteString(String filename,String text) throws FileNotFoundException
{
// File object
File file=new File(filename);
// Printsteam class that connects file using file output stream
PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
// using println method to write to the file
ps.println(text);
}
// main method to execute the code
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException
{
// the writestring class instantiation
WriteString ws=new WriteString(\"f1.txt\",\"Hello World\"); // You should give exact path
and file name here
}
}
// importing packages
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
// The writints class
public class WriteInts {
// the constructor to instantiate
public WriteInts(String filename,int[] myArr) throws FileNotFoundException
{
// File object
File file=new File(filename);
// Using print stream to write integers
PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
//Looping through array elements to write every element
for(int i=0;i
Solution
// import required package file
import java.io.File;
// The Filedetails class
public class FileDetails {
// Constructor that performs the action
public FileDetails(String filename)
{
// File object to get details
File file=new File(filename);
// printing obsolute path
System.out.println(\"Absolute path of file:\"+file.getAbsolutePath());
// printing file size in bytes
System.out.println(\"File Size in bytes:\"+file.length());
// Checking if file is readable
if(file.canRead())
System.out.println(\"The file is readable\");
else
System.out.println(\"The file is not readable\");
// checking if file is writable
if(file.canWrite())
System.out.println(\"The file is writable\");
else
System.out.println(\"The file.
Devaluation Revaluation Increases imports Increases exports In.pdf
Devaluation Revaluation Increases imports Increases exports Increases the balance of
payments on the current account Reduces an inflationary gap if exists Makes domestic goods
cheaper for holders of foreign currency Fixed exchange rate regime Flexible (Floating)
exchange rate regime Certainty about the value of a currency distorts incentives for importing
and exporting goods and services Signals a commitment not to engage in inflationary policies
Enables policy makers to engage in monetary policy
Solution
Devaluation Revaluation Increases imports Increases exports Increases the balance of
payments on the current account Reduces an inflationary gap if exists Makes domestic goods
cheaper for holders of foreign currency Fixed exchange rate regime Flexible (Floating)
exchange rate regime Certainty about the value of a currency distorts incentives for importing
and exporting goods and services Signals a commitment not to engage in inflationary policies
Enables policy makers to engage in monetary policy.
Project #4 Urban Population Dynamics This project will acquaint y.pdf
Project #4: Urban Population Dynamics This project will acquaint you with population
modeling and how linear algebra tools may be used to study it. Background Kolman, pages
305-307. Population modeling is useful from many different perspectives: planners at the city,
state, and national level who look at human populations and need forecasts of populations in
order to do planning for future needs. These future needs include housing, schools, care for the
elderly, jobs, and utilities such as electricity,water and transportation. businesses do population
planning so as to predict how the portions of the population that use their product will be
changing. Ecologists use population models to study ecological systems, especially those where
endangered species are involved so as to try to find measures that will restore the population.
medical researchers treat microorganisms and viruses as populations and seek to understand the
dynamics of their populations; especially why some thrive in certain environments but don\'t in
others. In human situations, it is normal to take intervals of 10 years as the census is taken every
10 years. Thus the age groups would be 0-9,10-19,11-20 etc , so 8 or 9 age categories would
probably be appropriate. The survival fractions would then show the fraction of \"newborns\" (0-
9) who survive to age 10, the fraction of 10 to 19 year olds who survive to 20 etc. This type of
data is compiled, for example, by actuaries working for insurance companies for life and medical
insurance purposes. The basic equations we begin with are (1) x(k+1) = Ax(k) k=0,1,2,. . . and
x(0) given with solution found iteratively to be (2) x(k) = Akx(0) (see Kolman for details of the
structure of A, which is 7 x 7 in this case). Your Project Suppose we are studying the
population dynamics of Los Angeles for the purpose of making a planning proposal to the city
which will form the basis for predicting school, transportation, housing, water, and electrical
needs for the years from 2000 on. As above, we take the unit of time to be 10 years, and take 7
age groups: 0-9,10-19,...,50-59,60+. Suppose further that the population distribution as of 1990
(the last census) is (3.1, 2.8, 2.0, 2.5, 2.0, 1.8, 2.9) (x105 ) and that the Leslie matrix,A, for this
model appears as Part One: Interpret carefully each of the nonzero terms in the matrix. In
addition, indicate what factors you think might change those numbers (they might be social,
economical, political or environmental). Part Two: Predict: what the population distribution
will look like in 2000, 2010, 2020 and 2030 what the total population will be in each of those
years by what fraction the total population changed each year Additionally, what does your
software tell you the largest, positive eigenvalue of A is? Part Three: Decide if you believe the
population is going to zero, becoming stable, or is unstable in the long run. Be sure and describe
in your write up how you arrived at your conclusion. If.
Triple bond complexes Cobalt forms complexes wit.pdf
Triple bond complexes Cobalt forms complexes with triple bonded alkynes and
cyano compounds. This property is exploited in the use of dicobalt octacarbonyl as protective
group for alkynes. In the Nicholas reaction an alkyne group is also protected and at the same
time the alpha-carbon position is activated for nucleophilic substitution. [edit]Cyclization
reactions Cobalt compounds react with dialkynes and dienes to cyclic intermediates in
cyclometalation. Other alkynes, alkens, nitriles or carbon monoxide can then insert themselves
into the Co-C bond. Reaction types based on this concept are the Pauson–Khand reaction (CO
insertion) and alkyne trimerization (notably with cyclopentadienylcobalt dicarbonyl).
[edit]Carbonylations Organocobalt compounds are used as catalysts in carbonylation reactions
and more specifically in hydroformylation , the formation of aldehydes from an alkene,
formaldehyde and hydrogen. An important catalyst in this reaction type is HCo(CO)4
(cobalthydrocarbonyl) at one time used in the industrial production of butyraldehyde from
propylene. In these processes cobalt catalysts are competing with rhodium catalysts such as
HRh(CO)(PPh3)4]. In hydrocarboxylations hydrogen is replaced by water or an alcohol and the
reaction product is a carboxylic acid or an ester. An example of this reaction type is the
conversion of butadiene to adipic acid. Cobalt catalysts (together with iron) are relevant in the
Fischer-Tropsch process in which synthesis gas is converted to hydrocarbons. The basic reaction
sequence is depicted below [3]: M + CO ? M-CO (M = Co, Fe) M-CO + H2 ? M-CH3 M-CH3 +
CO ? OC-M-CH3 OC-M-CH3 ? M-(CO)-CH3 M-(CO)-CH3 + H2 ? M-CH2CH3 [edit]Vitamin
B12-type compounds In vitamin B12 cobalt has an octahedral geometry with a Co-C bond in an
axial position. In methylcobalamin the ligand is a methyl group. [edit]Sandwich compounds
Organocobalt compounds form sandwich compounds. Cobaltocene is a 19-electron metallocene,
the compound CoCp(C6(Me)6) ha 20 electrons and 21 electrons are counted in Co(C6(Me)6)2 .
The Kläui ligand binds metals. [edit]Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization Main article:
Cobalt mediated radical polymerization The weak cobalt(III)- carbon bond is exploited in so-
called cobalt-mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) which is a type of controlled radical
polymerization.[4] A Co-C bond containing radical initiator breaks up (by heat or by light) in a
carbon free radical and a cobalt(II) radical species. The carbon radical starts polymer chain
formation with monomer for instance an alkene as in any ordinary radical polymerization. Cobalt
is unusual in that it can reversibly reform a covalent bond with the carbon radical terminus of the
growing chain. This reduces the concentration of radicals to a minimum and also undesirable
termination reactions by recombination of two carbon radicals. The cobalt trapping reagent is
called a persistent radical and the cobalt-capped polymer chain is said to dormant. CMRP .
THE IMAGE IS NT HERE!!! .pdf
This document appears to be missing an image and only contains the text "THE IMAGE IS NT HERE!!!". It does not provide enough contextual information to generate a meaningful 3 sentence summary.
KNO2 is a strong salt KNO2 K+ + NO2- NO2- +.pdf
KNO2 is a strong salt : KNO2 >> K+ + NO2- NO2- + H2O <----> HNO2 + OH- K
= Kw/Ka =2.5 x 10^-11 = x^2/ 0.12-x x = [OH-]= 1.7 x 10^-6 M pOH =5.8 pH = 14 - 5.8 = 8.2
Solution
KNO2 is a strong salt : KNO2 >> K+ + NO2- NO2- + H2O <----> HNO2 + OH- K
= Kw/Ka =2.5 x 10^-11 = x^2/ 0.12-x x = [OH-]= 1.7 x 10^-6 M pOH =5.8 pH = 14 - 5.8 = 8.2.
In general, the more hydrophobic ,less polar, and.pdf
In general, the more hydrophobic ,less polar, and larger an organic contaminant
molecule, the less likely it is to biodegrade and the more likely it is to adhere to sediment
particles and sediment organic carbon matter. more volatile,more is the tendency of
biodegradability. more hydrophillic,then non polar and its more biodegradable .
Solution
In general, the more hydrophobic ,less polar, and larger an organic contaminant
molecule, the less likely it is to biodegrade and the more likely it is to adhere to sediment
particles and sediment organic carbon matter. more volatile,more is the tendency of
biodegradability. more hydrophillic,then non polar and its more biodegradable ..
group IB, IIA, and IIB metals .pdf
This document discusses three groups of metals: group IB, group IIA, and group IIB metals. No other details are provided about these metal groups or what is meant by the "Solution" statement. The document is very brief and does not contain much contextual information that can be summarized succinctly in 3 sentences or less.
the units should be kJmolSolutionthe units should be kJmol.pdf
The document discusses the proper units for a measurement. It states that the units should be kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
the correct options are --1) There are several observations t.pdf
the correct options are --
1) There are several observations that have identical or nearly identical x-values yet different y-
values. Therefore, the value of y is not determined solely by x, but also by various other factors.
4) There appears to be a general tendency for y to decrease in value as x increases in value.
Solution
the correct options are --
1) There are several observations that have identical or nearly identical x-values yet different y-
values. Therefore, the value of y is not determined solely by x, but also by various other factors.
4) There appears to be a general tendency for y to decrease in value as x increases in value..
Q1. The answer is true. This is because there are over a million kno.pdf
Q1. The answer is true. This is because there are over a million known species of insects
Solution
Q1. The answer is true. This is because there are over a million known species of insects.
Stakeholders in the compensation arena are as followingShareholde.pdf
Stakeholders in the compensation arena are as following:
Shareholders or owners are the first stakeholders who establish the organization. Their
compensation is affected through wealth maximization and it is done through achievement of
certain goals and objectives. Shareholders appoint managers as their agent and managers work
on behalf of them. They are the biggest stakeholders who affect strategic decision making
process.
Employees are the stakeholders that work within the organization. The contribute through
feedback and inputs. A compensation plan is must to keep their motivation level up so that goals
and objectives are achieved. ESOP is another form of compensation to the employees.
Suppliers and vendors are associated with the organization and they are also affected by firms’
decision. They are the ones that make firms functional in some capacity and attract compensation
due to change in approach by the firm.
Customers are the buyers of product and services produced by the firms. Any negligence in it
will attract compensation.
Neighbors and societies are affected by the actions taken up by the firms are compensations are
paid in terms of pollution control, social welfare and environmental care. Also, firms have to
modify their decisions to make it appropriate for the neighbors and societies.
Solution
Stakeholders in the compensation arena are as following:
Shareholders or owners are the first stakeholders who establish the organization. Their
compensation is affected through wealth maximization and it is done through achievement of
certain goals and objectives. Shareholders appoint managers as their agent and managers work
on behalf of them. They are the biggest stakeholders who affect strategic decision making
process.
Employees are the stakeholders that work within the organization. The contribute through
feedback and inputs. A compensation plan is must to keep their motivation level up so that goals
and objectives are achieved. ESOP is another form of compensation to the employees.
Suppliers and vendors are associated with the organization and they are also affected by firms’
decision. They are the ones that make firms functional in some capacity and attract compensation
due to change in approach by the firm.
Customers are the buyers of product and services produced by the firms. Any negligence in it
will attract compensation.
Neighbors and societies are affected by the actions taken up by the firms are compensations are
paid in terms of pollution control, social welfare and environmental care. Also, firms have to
modify their decisions to make it appropriate for the neighbors and societies..
PART 2SolutionPART 2.pdf
This very short document does not contain enough substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only contains the header "PART 2" twice and the word "Solution" but no other details.
problems while testing a program are Testing issues include the d.pdf
problems while testing a program are:
Testing issues include the development, creation, administration, scoring and interpretation of
psychological tests.
requirements-related testing problems
stakeholder involvement and commitment problems
management-related testing problems
Validations are:
1.Validation is Performed after a work product is produced against established criteria ensuring
that the product integrates correctly into the environment.
2.Determination of correctness of the final software product by a development project with
respect to the user needs and requirements.
3.It has dynamic activities, as it includes executing the software against the requirements.
4.It is a subjective process and involves subjective decisions on how well a software works.
5.Validation is done during testing like feature testing, integration testing, system testing, load
testing, compatibility testing, stress testing, etc.
Solution
problems while testing a program are:
Testing issues include the development, creation, administration, scoring and interpretation of
psychological tests.
requirements-related testing problems
stakeholder involvement and commitment problems
management-related testing problems
Validations are:
1.Validation is Performed after a work product is produced against established criteria ensuring
that the product integrates correctly into the environment.
2.Determination of correctness of the final software product by a development project with
respect to the user needs and requirements.
3.It has dynamic activities, as it includes executing the software against the requirements.
4.It is a subjective process and involves subjective decisions on how well a software works.
5.Validation is done during testing like feature testing, integration testing, system testing, load
testing, compatibility testing, stress testing, etc..
Occipital lobe-Houses area responsible for perception of vision and .pdf
Occipital lobe-Houses area responsible for perception of vision and analysis of visual data
Premotor area(motor association area)-plans but does not produce motor movements
Frontal lobe -Most anterior lobe of the brain
Parietal lobe-planning and execution of activities in response to multiple stimuli
Temporal lobe-Lateral region which houses area associated with hearing and smell
Motor speech(broca )area-recognition of written and spoken language
Insula-Deep to other lobes
Affective language area-allows understanding and use of emotional cortex in spoken languate
Posterior language area-produces muscle movements associated with speaking
Prefrontal cortex-superior region of cerebrum which houses primary somatosensory cortex
Solution
Occipital lobe-Houses area responsible for perception of vision and analysis of visual data
Premotor area(motor association area)-plans but does not produce motor movements
Frontal lobe -Most anterior lobe of the brain
Parietal lobe-planning and execution of activities in response to multiple stimuli
Temporal lobe-Lateral region which houses area associated with hearing and smell
Motor speech(broca )area-recognition of written and spoken language
Insula-Deep to other lobes
Affective language area-allows understanding and use of emotional cortex in spoken languate
Posterior language area-produces muscle movements associated with speaking
Prefrontal cortex-superior region of cerebrum which houses primary somatosensory cortex.
long term business benefits of integrated dataStrategic thinking .pdf
long term business benefits of integrated data:
Strategic thinking is a powerful leadership tool that gives organizations the foresight and insight
needed to succeed in the long term, especially when applied throughout the organization.
The Power of Strategic Thinking
There is power in strategic thinking and it is available to everyone. When organizations begin to
think strategically, they gain:
* Insight, or problem solving skills, that help them intuitively make sense of chaos in their
environment.
* The ability to see emerging conditions that could potentially provide long-term competitive
advantage.
* The skill of visualizing, interpreting and scanning the environment for information about the
organization’s present and future.
* The ability to identify new market opportunities and create real solutions that advance
business.
* The ability to understand the importance of relationship building and its interconnectedness
with business goals.
Insight and Foresight
In their article, Managing strategic planning paradigms in China, Liu and Roos (2006) explain
what happened in 2005 when the Chinese government became the third largest trading nation in
the world. Foreign investors who wanted to trade in the Chinese market had to give up partial
ownership of their companies. They also had to give up the right to offer insight or foresight
about the future of their companies. Many companies agreed to do this because they realized that
they did not know their new environment and needed to depend on others to build the necessary
relationships to achieve success in China. Now that these investors are familiar with the Chinese
markets and culture, they are causing what Andrew Grove calls “a strategic inflection point” or a
fundamentally big change in their business environment. Having regained their freedom, it will
be those companies who exercise their strategic thinking muscles that will succeed in the long
run.
Everyone can be a Strategic Thinker
Many organizations do not involve all levels of employees in strategic thinking. They believe
that regular employees are not capable of strategic thinking and that only executives can
visualize, interpret and scan the environment for information about the organization’s present
and future. How wrong they are!
Another reason why organizations don’t employ strategic thinking is that company hiring
processes are often flawed. People are hired because of who they know and the agenda they are
bringing to the table. This means that valuable strategic thinking skills such as insight and
foresight are overlooked and replaced with nepotism and government control.
Finding New Opportunities
What does your organization stand to gain from teaching everyone to become a strategic thinker?
Another example of insight came from the mind of William Coleman. Coleman, a 58 year old
billionaire and former co-founder of BEA Systems, has created a new company called Cassatt
(Lyons, 2006). He came up with the simple concept of the .
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