A brief history of life
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This document provides a summary of the evolution of life on Earth from its earliest origins around 3.8 billion years ago to the emergence and development of humans. It describes how the earliest evidence of life is cyanobacteria fossils from 3.4 billion years ago in Australia. It then discusses the evolution of single-celled organisms and their diversification, as well as events like the Cambrian explosion. The document traces the descent of humans from common ancestors with chimpanzees 7-6 million years ago, the adaptation of bipedalism in early hominins in Africa around 2.5 million years ago, and the emergence and characteristics of species in the genus Homo including Homo habilis, Homo erectus,
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A brief history of life
This document provides a summary of life on Earth from its earliest origins over 3.8 billion years ago to the emergence and evolution of humans. It describes how the earliest evidence of life is cyanobacteria fossils dated to 3.4 billion years ago found in Australia. It then outlines the major stages of evolution, from single-celled organisms developing around 3.8 billion years ago, possibly in the oceans, to the Cambrian explosion of complex multicellular life, and the descent of apes and the evolution of humans in Africa around 7-6 million years ago with Homo sapiens emerging around 200,000 years ago.
The Australopithecines- Anthropology
A brief and concise presentation about the early faces of Man during the early times. A historical presentation about the discoveries and excavations of the early hominids.
Hominid Evolution
This document summarizes theories of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It discusses that:
- Bipedalism first emerged in hominids 4-1 million years ago, allowing use of hands and adaptation to grassland environments. Early tools date to 2.5 million years ago.
- Brain size increased over time, reaching 1000cc in Homo erectus and 1350cc in modern humans. This facilitated tool use, language, and other cognitive abilities.
- Two competing theories for modern human origins are presented - the multiregional hypothesis of evolving in multiple regions from Homo erectus, versus the recent "Out of Africa" hypothesis of descending from a single African
4.human evolution
1. The document discusses the history and theories of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It traces the major species in our lineage and their defining characteristics.
2. Early hominid species like Australopithecus afarensis and Homo habilis exhibited traits like bipedalism and increased brain size compared to apes. Later species such as Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis used more advanced tools and mastered fire.
3. Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens inhabited Europe and Asia around 200,000 years ago before modern humans emerged in Africa around 50,000 years ago. Theories of human evolution are constantly reevaluated
The culture of early hominids
Hominids first emerged in East Africa around 4 million years ago, classified in the genus Australopithecus. Later hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus had larger brains and were the first to use tools. Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago in Africa and had fully modern human traits, later migrating to Europe and Asia. Theories on modern human origins include a single origin near the East or multiregional evolution in various places.
Camel Evolution by @Sana_Haroon
Camels evolved over millions of years from small, forest-dwelling ancestors without humps into the humped desert dwellers of today. Their earliest ancestor, Protylopus, lived 46 million years ago in North America and resembled a small rabbit. Over generations as camels migrated to Asia and Africa, they developed longer legs and necks, and adaptations like humps and thick fur and eyelashes to survive in hot deserts. Modern camels live in deserts in parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East and have evolved to efficiently store water in their humps and withstand high temperatures.
Biological UCSP
This document summarizes the biological and cultural evolution of early humans from Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens. It describes the key differences between biological and cultural evolution, then outlines four main categories of hominids - Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, and Homo. Key details are provided on characteristics of Australopithecus species like Afarensis. Homo Habilis and Erectus are introduced as having larger brains and more advanced traits than Australopithecus.
Tracing back the human biocultural and social evolution
The document discusses the evolution of early hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. It outlines that early hominid species like Australopithecus were capable of bipedalism and lived 3.6 million years ago. Later species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus began using stone tools and were more intelligent than earlier hominids. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa to Asia 1.8 million years ago. Finally, Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago and were classified as modern humans.
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A brief history of life
This document provides a summary of life on Earth from its earliest origins over 3.8 billion years ago to the emergence and evolution of humans. It describes how the earliest evidence of life is cyanobacteria fossils dated to 3.4 billion years ago found in Australia. It then outlines the major stages of evolution, from single-celled organisms developing around 3.8 billion years ago, possibly in the oceans, to the Cambrian explosion of complex multicellular life, and the descent of apes and the evolution of humans in Africa around 7-6 million years ago with Homo sapiens emerging around 200,000 years ago.
The Australopithecines- Anthropology
A brief and concise presentation about the early faces of Man during the early times. A historical presentation about the discoveries and excavations of the early hominids.
Hominid Evolution
This document summarizes theories of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It discusses that:
- Bipedalism first emerged in hominids 4-1 million years ago, allowing use of hands and adaptation to grassland environments. Early tools date to 2.5 million years ago.
- Brain size increased over time, reaching 1000cc in Homo erectus and 1350cc in modern humans. This facilitated tool use, language, and other cognitive abilities.
- Two competing theories for modern human origins are presented - the multiregional hypothesis of evolving in multiple regions from Homo erectus, versus the recent "Out of Africa" hypothesis of descending from a single African
4.human evolution
1. The document discusses the history and theories of human evolution from early hominids to modern humans. It traces the major species in our lineage and their defining characteristics.
2. Early hominid species like Australopithecus afarensis and Homo habilis exhibited traits like bipedalism and increased brain size compared to apes. Later species such as Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis used more advanced tools and mastered fire.
3. Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens inhabited Europe and Asia around 200,000 years ago before modern humans emerged in Africa around 50,000 years ago. Theories of human evolution are constantly reevaluated
The culture of early hominids
Hominids first emerged in East Africa around 4 million years ago, classified in the genus Australopithecus. Later hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus had larger brains and were the first to use tools. Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago in Africa and had fully modern human traits, later migrating to Europe and Asia. Theories on modern human origins include a single origin near the East or multiregional evolution in various places.
Camel Evolution by @Sana_Haroon
Camels evolved over millions of years from small, forest-dwelling ancestors without humps into the humped desert dwellers of today. Their earliest ancestor, Protylopus, lived 46 million years ago in North America and resembled a small rabbit. Over generations as camels migrated to Asia and Africa, they developed longer legs and necks, and adaptations like humps and thick fur and eyelashes to survive in hot deserts. Modern camels live in deserts in parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East and have evolved to efficiently store water in their humps and withstand high temperatures.
Biological UCSP
This document summarizes the biological and cultural evolution of early humans from Australopithecus to Homo Sapiens. It describes the key differences between biological and cultural evolution, then outlines four main categories of hominids - Sahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, and Homo. Key details are provided on characteristics of Australopithecus species like Afarensis. Homo Habilis and Erectus are introduced as having larger brains and more advanced traits than Australopithecus.
Tracing back the human biocultural and social evolution
The document discusses the evolution of early hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. It outlines that early hominid species like Australopithecus were capable of bipedalism and lived 3.6 million years ago. Later species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus began using stone tools and were more intelligent than earlier hominids. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa to Asia 1.8 million years ago. Finally, Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago and were classified as modern humans.
Human evolution
Human evolution began in Africa approximately 6-7 million years ago with early hominins that walked upright but had small brains, possibly resembling chimpanzees. Key developments included increased brain size, bipedalism, and tool usage. Australopiths from 2-4 million years ago exhibited the first full bipedalism. Species like Australopithecus africanus had more human-like hands and teeth but brains only a third of modern humans. The earliest evidence of the human lineage Homo dates to around 2.5 million years ago in Africa.
5 Primates
Primates emerged around 58 million years ago and can be divided into several families including prosimians, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and hominoids. Primates are distinguished from other mammals by adaptations for tree living like stereoscopic vision, grasping hands, and large brains. The hominoids are the group that includes both apes and humans, who are tailless with large, complex brains and who are good suspensory climbers. Chimpanzees are our closest living relatives, with whom we share over 98% of our DNA.
Tracingbackthehumanbioculturalandsocialevolution 180304095742
The document discusses the evolution of early hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. It outlines that early hominid species like Australopithecus were capable of bipedalism and lived 3.6 million years ago. Later species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus began using stone tools and were more intelligent than earlier hominids. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa to Asia 1.8 million years ago. Finally, Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago and were classified as modern humans.
B34 ppt primate evolution ch 16
Primates evolved over time, developing traits like opposable thumbs and binocular vision. Early hominids like Australopithecines exhibited traits of both apes and humans, while later groups including Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, and Cro-Magnons showed increasingly human-like characteristics. Primate evolution involved adapting to life in trees as well as walking on two legs.
8 human origins
This document discusses the evolution of early human species from 2 million years ago to present-day Homo sapiens. It describes several early hominid species including Homo habilis, the first to make stone tools; Homo erectus, the first hunters; Homo heidelbergensis, who lived in colder climates; and Homo floresiensis, known as the "hobbit". The document also outlines the characteristics and time periods of Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens sapiens. The overall evolution helped identify physiological developments important for early humans' subsistence over successive generations.
Human Origins in Africa
The document discusses human origins in Africa, outlining key terms like hominid, Paleolithic, and Neolithic Ages. It provides a timeline starting 3.6 million years ago and poses questions about the earliest humanlike beings, Homo habilis and Homo erectus, and how Homo sapiens differed from earlier hominids. The document serves as an introduction to examining human origins and evolution in Africa.
Australopithecus afarensis
The document summarizes human evolution from approximately 1.2-4 million years ago to the present. Early humans like Australopithecus afarensis were apelike but began walking upright. Later groups such as Homo habilis made more advanced tools and Homo erectus hunted with tools. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis were skilled hunters while Homo sapiens cro-magnon were the first to bury their dead. Anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens, emerged in Africa around 10,000 years ago and civilization began to develop.
Human Race
1. The document outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and traces the development of early human species from 3.75 million years ago to present day according to the fossil evidence. It describes several early hominin species including Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Neanderthals, Homo sapiens, and Cro-Magnon.
2. Key developments in early humans included increasing brain size, bipedalism, tool use, control of fire, burial of the dead, and the spread of Homo sapiens out of Africa to Europe, Asia, and Australia.
3. The document divides current human populations
Human Evolution
This document discusses human evolution and the timeline of early hominids. It begins by exploring basic questions about human origins and ancestry. It then examines the earliest hominid fossil sites in Africa dating back 6-7 million years, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis from Chad dated to nearly 7 million years old. While the evolutionary relationships between early hominids is still debated, most evidence suggests humans diverged from chimpanzees around 5-7 million years ago. Upright posture evolved in hominids before large brain size. Later sections explore the classification of primates and traits that distinguish hominids from other groups.
Learning from Darwin: What can the man who wrote The Origin of Species teach ...
‘On the Origin of Species’ was published on 24 November 1859. It is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin, and it is considered the foundation of evolutionary biology. In this text, we read the INTRODUCTION to The Origin of Species and highlight aspects of the text that are relevant for us to understand a scientific attitude and how to translate this attitude into text. This exercise is intended to Urbanism students who are unsure about the tone and the kind of language they met adopt in scientific reports. The text we are about to analyse was written in the second half of the 19th century, but it is still incredibly modern and actual. Read the text carefully and reflect on the comments. What can you incorporate into your essays and reports?
Hominid evolution part
Hominids first appeared between 6-7 million years ago in Africa and have evolved several times as evidenced by fossil records. Key adaptations throughout hominid evolution include bipedal locomotion, increasing brain size, facial structure changes, decreasing jaw and tooth size, opposable thumbs, and tool usage. The earliest known hominid genus is Australopithecus, followed by species like Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, and Homo neanderthalensis, with modern humans emerging in the last 10,000 years.
Primate evolution
1) Primates first evolved around 65 million years ago and split into two main groups - one containing lemurs and lorises, and the other containing tarsiers and anthropoids like monkeys, apes and humans.
2) Early hominines like Australopithecus afarensis had adaptations for both walking upright and spending time in trees, as evidenced by fossils like "Lucy".
3) Later hominines evolved adaptations like an opposable thumb and larger brains that enabled tool use and were better suited for life on land. Fossils continue to provide new insights into human evolution but also raise new questions.
Primate evolution
This document summarizes primate evolution from the Paleocene to Miocene epochs. It describes how primates diverged after the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. During the Eocene epoch 55-35 million years ago, there was a radiation of prosimians including adapoids and omomyoids in North America and Europe. By the Oligocene epoch 35-24 million years ago, prosimians had gone extinct everywhere except Africa and Madagascar, and the first anthropoids radiated. During the Miocene epoch 24-5 million years ago, there was a major radiation of hominoids in Africa and Eurasia, including early hominoid genera like Proconsul and Dryopit
Hominids
The document summarizes evidence from hominin fossil discoveries spanning 6-2 million years ago. It describes multiple species, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, Paranthropus robustus, P. boisei, Homo habilis, H. rudolfensis, H. erectus, H. antecessor and evidence that H. antecessor may have practiced cannibalism.
Discovery and exploration1 (1)
The document discusses early human migration and exploration, noting that the oldest rocks on Earth date back 3 billion years ago and that Pangaea began breaking up around 180 million years ago. It states that the first humans evolved in Africa around 5 million years ago and began migrating out of Africa between 300,000-100,000 years ago, developing abilities like abstract thinking, tool use, and fire. The document also covers the Pleistocene ice ages between 2 million-10,000 years ago and how early humans migrated across the Bering land bridge, with the Paleo-Indian period occurring between 12,000-8,500 BCE and involving diverse languages in the Americas.
Hominid evolution
The document summarizes key developments in hominid evolution from the earliest hominids to Neanderthals. It notes that bipedal locomotion first emerged around 2 million years ago in early hominids like Australopithecus. This was followed by other changes like brain expansion and changes to the face, teeth and jaws. Early hominid species included Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, and the more robust Australopithecus robustus. Around 2 million years ago, the first species of the genus Homo evolved, including Homo habilis and Homo erectus, which had larger brains and used stone tools. Homo erect
9 Early Hominins
Early hominins are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor with African apes around 6-7 million years ago. The key difference between early hominins and early apes was that hominins were habitually bipedal while apes were quadrupedal. Bipedalism provided advantages like increased efficiency and the ability to use tools. Traits like the pelvis, femur, spine and foot provide evidence of bipedalism in hominin fossils. While the fossil record is incomplete, discoveries like Australopithecus afarensis help illustrate the evolution of bipedalism before increases in brain size.
Earliest human societies
This document provides an overview of early human societies from prehistory to around 2500 BCE. It discusses the evolution of early hominids in Africa like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and the emergence of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens developed language and bigger brains, allowing them to migrate throughout Africa and Eurasia. The document then covers the Paleolithic period, where humans lived as hunter-gatherers, and the Neolithic period, where the agricultural revolution occurred and led to more permanent settlements and the rise of social hierarchies.
Humans and other primates
Most scientists agree that humans, apes, and monkeys share a common ancestor based on evidence from fossils that show traits of both humans and apes. Primates first evolved from mouse-like mammals and include humans, apes, monkeys and lemurs. While chimpanzees are humans' closest living relative, the earliest hominids showed the ability to walk upright and had smaller teeth, flatter faces and larger brains than other primates. Over time, hominids such as Australopithecines, Homo habilis and Homo erectus appeared with increasingly advanced traits and tool usage, until only Homo sapiens exist today.
Australopithecus
Australopithecus was an early hominin genus that evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago. They stood between 1.2 to 1.4 meters tall and had brains that were about 35% the size of modern humans. Australopithecus was bipedal and ate fruits, vegetables, and tubers. One species of Australopithecus is believed to have evolved into the genus Homo around 2 million years ago in Africa, playing an important role in human evolution.
A Brief History of Life.ppt
This document provides a summary of life on Earth from its earliest origins over 3.8 billion years ago to the emergence and evolution of humans. It describes how the earliest evidence of life is cyanobacteria fossils dated to 3.4 billion years ago found in Australia. It then outlines the major stages of evolution, from single-celled organisms developing around 3.8 billion years ago, possibly in the oceans, to the Cambrian explosion of complex multicellular life, and the descent of apes and the evolution of humans in Africa around 7-6 million years ago with Homo sapiens emerging around 200,000 years ago.
Primate Evolution.ppt
Primates evolved from small, nocturnal mammals over 60 million years ago. They are divided into prosimians like lemurs and anthropoids like monkeys, apes, and humans. Anthropoids further diverged into New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, great apes, and hominids. Around 5-8 million years ago, a hominid ancestor of chimpanzees and humans diverged and bipedalism evolved in hominids as they adapted to foraging on land rather than in trees. Early hominids like Australopithecus gradually evolved into genus Homo, with Homo habilis being the first to use tools. Homo erectus was more human
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Human evolution
Human evolution began in Africa approximately 6-7 million years ago with early hominins that walked upright but had small brains, possibly resembling chimpanzees. Key developments included increased brain size, bipedalism, and tool usage. Australopiths from 2-4 million years ago exhibited the first full bipedalism. Species like Australopithecus africanus had more human-like hands and teeth but brains only a third of modern humans. The earliest evidence of the human lineage Homo dates to around 2.5 million years ago in Africa.
5 Primates
Primates emerged around 58 million years ago and can be divided into several families including prosimians, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and hominoids. Primates are distinguished from other mammals by adaptations for tree living like stereoscopic vision, grasping hands, and large brains. The hominoids are the group that includes both apes and humans, who are tailless with large, complex brains and who are good suspensory climbers. Chimpanzees are our closest living relatives, with whom we share over 98% of our DNA.
Tracingbackthehumanbioculturalandsocialevolution 180304095742
The document discusses the evolution of early hominids from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens. It outlines that early hominid species like Australopithecus were capable of bipedalism and lived 3.6 million years ago. Later species like Homo habilis and Homo erectus began using stone tools and were more intelligent than earlier hominids. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa to Asia 1.8 million years ago. Finally, Homo sapiens evolved around 200,000 years ago and were classified as modern humans.
B34 ppt primate evolution ch 16
Primates evolved over time, developing traits like opposable thumbs and binocular vision. Early hominids like Australopithecines exhibited traits of both apes and humans, while later groups including Homo sapiens, Neanderthals, and Cro-Magnons showed increasingly human-like characteristics. Primate evolution involved adapting to life in trees as well as walking on two legs.
8 human origins
This document discusses the evolution of early human species from 2 million years ago to present-day Homo sapiens. It describes several early hominid species including Homo habilis, the first to make stone tools; Homo erectus, the first hunters; Homo heidelbergensis, who lived in colder climates; and Homo floresiensis, known as the "hobbit". The document also outlines the characteristics and time periods of Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens sapiens. The overall evolution helped identify physiological developments important for early humans' subsistence over successive generations.
Human Origins in Africa
The document discusses human origins in Africa, outlining key terms like hominid, Paleolithic, and Neolithic Ages. It provides a timeline starting 3.6 million years ago and poses questions about the earliest humanlike beings, Homo habilis and Homo erectus, and how Homo sapiens differed from earlier hominids. The document serves as an introduction to examining human origins and evolution in Africa.
Australopithecus afarensis
The document summarizes human evolution from approximately 1.2-4 million years ago to the present. Early humans like Australopithecus afarensis were apelike but began walking upright. Later groups such as Homo habilis made more advanced tools and Homo erectus hunted with tools. Homo sapiens neanderthalensis were skilled hunters while Homo sapiens cro-magnon were the first to bury their dead. Anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens, emerged in Africa around 10,000 years ago and civilization began to develop.
Human Race
1. The document outlines Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and traces the development of early human species from 3.75 million years ago to present day according to the fossil evidence. It describes several early hominin species including Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Neanderthals, Homo sapiens, and Cro-Magnon.
2. Key developments in early humans included increasing brain size, bipedalism, tool use, control of fire, burial of the dead, and the spread of Homo sapiens out of Africa to Europe, Asia, and Australia.
3. The document divides current human populations
Human Evolution
This document discusses human evolution and the timeline of early hominids. It begins by exploring basic questions about human origins and ancestry. It then examines the earliest hominid fossil sites in Africa dating back 6-7 million years, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis from Chad dated to nearly 7 million years old. While the evolutionary relationships between early hominids is still debated, most evidence suggests humans diverged from chimpanzees around 5-7 million years ago. Upright posture evolved in hominids before large brain size. Later sections explore the classification of primates and traits that distinguish hominids from other groups.
Learning from Darwin: What can the man who wrote The Origin of Species teach ...
‘On the Origin of Species’ was published on 24 November 1859. It is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin, and it is considered the foundation of evolutionary biology. In this text, we read the INTRODUCTION to The Origin of Species and highlight aspects of the text that are relevant for us to understand a scientific attitude and how to translate this attitude into text. This exercise is intended to Urbanism students who are unsure about the tone and the kind of language they met adopt in scientific reports. The text we are about to analyse was written in the second half of the 19th century, but it is still incredibly modern and actual. Read the text carefully and reflect on the comments. What can you incorporate into your essays and reports?
Hominid evolution part
Hominids first appeared between 6-7 million years ago in Africa and have evolved several times as evidenced by fossil records. Key adaptations throughout hominid evolution include bipedal locomotion, increasing brain size, facial structure changes, decreasing jaw and tooth size, opposable thumbs, and tool usage. The earliest known hominid genus is Australopithecus, followed by species like Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, and Homo neanderthalensis, with modern humans emerging in the last 10,000 years.
Primate evolution
1) Primates first evolved around 65 million years ago and split into two main groups - one containing lemurs and lorises, and the other containing tarsiers and anthropoids like monkeys, apes and humans.
2) Early hominines like Australopithecus afarensis had adaptations for both walking upright and spending time in trees, as evidenced by fossils like "Lucy".
3) Later hominines evolved adaptations like an opposable thumb and larger brains that enabled tool use and were better suited for life on land. Fossils continue to provide new insights into human evolution but also raise new questions.
Primate evolution
This document summarizes primate evolution from the Paleocene to Miocene epochs. It describes how primates diverged after the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago. During the Eocene epoch 55-35 million years ago, there was a radiation of prosimians including adapoids and omomyoids in North America and Europe. By the Oligocene epoch 35-24 million years ago, prosimians had gone extinct everywhere except Africa and Madagascar, and the first anthropoids radiated. During the Miocene epoch 24-5 million years ago, there was a major radiation of hominoids in Africa and Eurasia, including early hominoid genera like Proconsul and Dryopit
Hominids
The document summarizes evidence from hominin fossil discoveries spanning 6-2 million years ago. It describes multiple species, including Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Orrorin tugenensis, Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus anamensis, A. afarensis, A. africanus, Paranthropus robustus, P. boisei, Homo habilis, H. rudolfensis, H. erectus, H. antecessor and evidence that H. antecessor may have practiced cannibalism.
Discovery and exploration1 (1)
The document discusses early human migration and exploration, noting that the oldest rocks on Earth date back 3 billion years ago and that Pangaea began breaking up around 180 million years ago. It states that the first humans evolved in Africa around 5 million years ago and began migrating out of Africa between 300,000-100,000 years ago, developing abilities like abstract thinking, tool use, and fire. The document also covers the Pleistocene ice ages between 2 million-10,000 years ago and how early humans migrated across the Bering land bridge, with the Paleo-Indian period occurring between 12,000-8,500 BCE and involving diverse languages in the Americas.
Hominid evolution
The document summarizes key developments in hominid evolution from the earliest hominids to Neanderthals. It notes that bipedal locomotion first emerged around 2 million years ago in early hominids like Australopithecus. This was followed by other changes like brain expansion and changes to the face, teeth and jaws. Early hominid species included Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, and the more robust Australopithecus robustus. Around 2 million years ago, the first species of the genus Homo evolved, including Homo habilis and Homo erectus, which had larger brains and used stone tools. Homo erect
9 Early Hominins
Early hominins are believed to have diverged from a common ancestor with African apes around 6-7 million years ago. The key difference between early hominins and early apes was that hominins were habitually bipedal while apes were quadrupedal. Bipedalism provided advantages like increased efficiency and the ability to use tools. Traits like the pelvis, femur, spine and foot provide evidence of bipedalism in hominin fossils. While the fossil record is incomplete, discoveries like Australopithecus afarensis help illustrate the evolution of bipedalism before increases in brain size.
Earliest human societies
This document provides an overview of early human societies from prehistory to around 2500 BCE. It discusses the evolution of early hominids in Africa like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and the emergence of Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens developed language and bigger brains, allowing them to migrate throughout Africa and Eurasia. The document then covers the Paleolithic period, where humans lived as hunter-gatherers, and the Neolithic period, where the agricultural revolution occurred and led to more permanent settlements and the rise of social hierarchies.
Humans and other primates
Most scientists agree that humans, apes, and monkeys share a common ancestor based on evidence from fossils that show traits of both humans and apes. Primates first evolved from mouse-like mammals and include humans, apes, monkeys and lemurs. While chimpanzees are humans' closest living relative, the earliest hominids showed the ability to walk upright and had smaller teeth, flatter faces and larger brains than other primates. Over time, hominids such as Australopithecines, Homo habilis and Homo erectus appeared with increasingly advanced traits and tool usage, until only Homo sapiens exist today.
Australopithecus
Australopithecus was an early hominin genus that evolved in eastern Africa around 4 million years ago. They stood between 1.2 to 1.4 meters tall and had brains that were about 35% the size of modern humans. Australopithecus was bipedal and ate fruits, vegetables, and tubers. One species of Australopithecus is believed to have evolved into the genus Homo around 2 million years ago in Africa, playing an important role in human evolution.
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A Brief History of Life.ppt
This document provides a summary of life on Earth from its earliest origins over 3.8 billion years ago to the emergence and evolution of humans. It describes how the earliest evidence of life is cyanobacteria fossils dated to 3.4 billion years ago found in Australia. It then outlines the major stages of evolution, from single-celled organisms developing around 3.8 billion years ago, possibly in the oceans, to the Cambrian explosion of complex multicellular life, and the descent of apes and the evolution of humans in Africa around 7-6 million years ago with Homo sapiens emerging around 200,000 years ago.
Primate Evolution.ppt
Primates evolved from small, nocturnal mammals over 60 million years ago. They are divided into prosimians like lemurs and anthropoids like monkeys, apes, and humans. Anthropoids further diverged into New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, great apes, and hominids. Around 5-8 million years ago, a hominid ancestor of chimpanzees and humans diverged and bipedalism evolved in hominids as they adapted to foraging on land rather than in trees. Early hominids like Australopithecus gradually evolved into genus Homo, with Homo habilis being the first to use tools. Homo erectus was more human
HumansEvolutionHP.ppt
This document summarizes key aspects of human evolution from early primates to modern humans. It describes how primates evolved adaptations for life in trees 65 million years ago. Early hominins like Australopithecus became bipedal 4.4 million years ago. Homo habilis began using tools 2.5 million years ago. Homo erectus was the first to migrate out of Africa 1.8 million years ago. Anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa around 100,000 years ago and replaced other hominin species as they spread to other continents.
human evolution biology
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and species of Homo such as Habilis, Erectus, and Floresiensis.
2. Major adaptations that set humans apart from other apes included bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and use of language. The earliest evidence of tool use dates back 2.5 million years.
3. Homo sapiens emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago and spread throughout the world, with some interbreeding with Neanderthals. Significant evolutionary
Unit 6 human evolution a
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and early species of Homo.
2. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are discussed as being the first hominins to use tools. Species like Homo heidelbergensis show evidence of burials and tool making.
3. Neanderthals, Homo floresiensis, and modern humans Homo sapiens are the most recent hominin species discussed, with H. sapiens originating in Africa around 200,000 years ago before migrating worldwide
Unit 6 human evolution a
1. The document summarizes human evolution from early hominins to modern humans. It describes several key hominin species that evolved between 6-2 million years ago including Australopithecus afarensis and early species of Homo.
2. Homo habilis and Homo erectus are identified as early species of the genus Homo that began walking fully upright and using simple stone tools between 2-1 million years ago.
3. Later species discussed include Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo floresiensis. Modern humans, Homo sapiens, are identified as emerging in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Human evolution
1. Human evolution began with early hominins like Australopithecus that evolved around 4 million years ago in Africa.
2. Key early humans in the genus Homo include Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo neanderthalensis.
3. Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago in Africa and is the only surviving human species today.
human evolution
1. The document summarizes key aspects of human evolution, including the earliest hominins that originated in Africa 6-7 million years ago and the appearance of modern humans around 200,000 years ago.
2. Key hominin species discussed are Australopithecus, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. Major adaptations include bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and use of fire.
3. The timeline shows human ancestors like Homo erectus migrating from Africa around 1.8 million years ago, with Homo sapiens emerging in Africa around 195,
Unit 6_Human Evolution_Complete.pptx
1. Several hominin species evolved in Africa over millions of years, including Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus.
2. Homo erectus was the first hominin to migrate out of Africa, spreading across Asia and Europe between 1.8 million to 100,000 years ago.
3. Neanderthals evolved in Europe and western Asia between 250,000-30,000 years ago before going extinct, while modern humans emerged in Africa around 200,000 years ago.
Human Evolution
1. Several hominin species evolved in Africa over millions of years, including Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo heidelbergensis.
2. Homo sapiens emerged around 200,000 years ago in Africa before migrating to Asia and Europe, where they encountered species like Homo floresiensis and Homo neanderthalensis.
3. Key adaptations that emerged over time included bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and modern human behaviors and capabilities.
CHAPTER 9The Earliest Dispersal of the Genus Homo Homo .docx
CHAPTER 9
The Earliest Dispersal of the Genus Homo:
Homo erectus and Contemporaries
First Dispersal of the Hominins
• Close to 2 million years ago, hominins expanded out of Africa into other areas
of the Old World.
• Early hominin fossils have never been discovered out of Africa, leading
researchers to believe that the early hominins were isolated there for 5 million
years.
• After 2 mya, there’s less diversity in these hominins than in their pre-
australopith and australopith predecessors.
• There is some variation among the different geographical groups of these
hominins, and anthropologists still debate how to classify them.
• There is universal agreement that the hominins found outside of Africa are
members of genus Homo.
Homo erectus
• The first hominin to expand into new regions of the Old
World.
• Homo erectus is the hominin species for which there is the
most evidence.
• As a species, H. erectus existed over 1 million years.
• More evolved behavioral/cultural practices and larger more
derived bodies aided their success
• East African finds have been dated to 1.7 m.y.a.
Lumping vs Splitting
• Depending on preference researchers tend to want to
group individual fossil finds together into species
(lumping) or split a genus into as many identifiable
species as possible (spliting)
• Some researchers split Homo erectus into two species
• African fossils into Homo ergaster.
• Asian fossils into Homo erectus
• Analyses show that H. erectus/ergaster are a closely
related species and possibly geographical varieties of a
single species
Morphology of Homo erectus
• There was much varition in the individual groups that are
included in H. erectus, but they share a set of features:
Body Size
• Adult weight >100 lbs, average adult height of ca. 5 feet 6
inches
• Sexually dimorphic, weight and height varied according to
sex
• Increased robusticity (heavily built body) that dominated
hominin evolution until anatomically modern H. sapiens
Brain Size
• Cranial capacities 700 cm3 to 1250 cm3
• Brain size closely linked with overall body size
• H. erectus is larger-bodied than early Homo sample
but relative brain size is about the same
• Relative brain size of H. erectus is considerably
less encephalized than later members of genus
Homo
Cranial Shape
• Thick cranial bone, large brow ridges (supraorbital tori), and projecting
nuchal torus
• A projection of bone in the back of the cranium where neck muscles attach;
used to hold up the head.
• Braincase long and low, with little forehead development
• Cranium wider at base, compared with earlier and later species
• Sagittal keel, a small ridge from front to back along the sagittal suture
African Origin of H. erectus
• African origin supported by evidence of:
1. Earlier hominins prior to the appearance of H. erectus occurring in
Africa.
2. 1.7 mya fossils at East Turkana, in Kenya, where australopiths have
also ...
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variation
Anthropology
REFERENCES:
Ember, C. (2007). Anthropology. Singapore: Pearson Educational South Asia.
Ember, C., Ember, M., & Peregrine, P. (2009). Human evolution and culture: Highlights of anthropology. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ervin, A. (2005). Applied anthropology: Tools and perspectives for contemporary practice. Boston: Pearson.
Kottak, C. (2011). Anthropology: Appreciating cultural diversity. New York: Mc Graw-Hill.
Kottak, C. (2008). Anthropology: The explanation of human diversity. Boston: Mc Graw-Hill.
Launda, R. (2010). Core concepts in cultural anthropology. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Nanda, S. (2007). Cultural anthropology. Belmont, California: Walsworth/Thomson Learning.
Evolution of man
- Primates first evolved around 50 million years ago, including early hominids like Proconsul and Ramapithecus.
- Ramapithecus, found in the Siwalik Hills of India around 8 million years ago, is considered one of the earliest hominids and potential ancestor of Australopithecus in Africa.
- Major hominid developments included Homo habilis around 2 million years ago in Africa, the widespread migration of Homo erectus starting 1.5 million years ago, and the emergence of modern Homo sapiens in Africa around 300,000 years ago.
1 earliest human societies
1. Early humans evolved in Africa and migrated throughout the world over millions of years, developing larger brains and culture.
2. During the Paleolithic period from 250,000 to 9,000 BCE, humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies and developed art, music, tools, and spiritual beliefs.
3. Around 9,000 BCE, the Agricultural Revolution began as humans in the Fertile Crescent domesticated plants and animals, leading to permanent settlements and specialized labor, as well as growing social hierarchies and complexity.
Earliest human-societies
1. Early humans evolved in Africa and migrated throughout the world beginning around 200,000 BCE.
2. During the Paleolithic period from 250,000 to 9,000 BCE, humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies and were dependent on their environment for survival.
3. Around 9,000 BCE, the Agricultural Revolution began as humans in the Fertile Crescent developed practices like planting seeds and domesticating animals, allowing for more settled lifestyles and population growth.
human-evolution.pptx
- Early human ancestors like Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus existed around 15 million years ago, with Ramapithecus walking upright like humans and Dryopithecus being more ape-like.
- Australopithecus, the first ape-man, lived in East Africa around 2 million years ago and hunted with stone weapons while walking upright.
- Homo erectus, discovered in Java around 1.5 million years ago, were the first to control fire and eat meat with a brain capacity of 900cc.
- Modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens, are believed to have first originated in Africa around 50,000 years ago.
The origin of man
This document discusses theories about human origins, including creationism, evolution, and anthropology. It describes the emergence of two groups - polygenists who believed scientific inquiry should prevail over the Bible, and monogenists who defended the Bible's validity. The document outlines evolutionary theories including Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. It describes early hominids like Australopithecus and Homo species, and identifies Homo sapiens as the only surviving human species with two main types, Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons. Other origin theories like theistic evolution and Raelism are also mentioned.
World History Ch. 1 Section 1 Notes
1. Scientific evidence suggests that modern humans originated in Africa and then migrated throughout the world over hundreds of thousands of years, adapting to new environments.
2. Early hominids like Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo erectus developed over millions of years, with Homo sapiens emerging around 200,000 years ago.
3. During the Stone Age, humans lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers, making tools from stone to hunt, fish, and shelter themselves, and forming basic social structures and cultural practices.
Hominid 2
Human evolution occurred over millions of years through a series of gradual changes from early hominid species like Sahelanthropus tchadensis around 7 million years ago to modern Homo sapiens. Key stages included Australopithecus afarensis that lived 2.9-3.9 million years ago, Homo erectus that used tools around 1.8 million years ago, and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis that lived 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. Traits like bipedalism, increased brain size, tool use, and reduced jaws differentiated human species from early primate ancestors over this long period of evolutionary change.
The human evolution
This document summarizes the evolution of early human ancestors from 7 million years ago to present day Homo sapiens. It describes several key species including Ardipithecus ramidus, Australopithecus afarensis, Paranthropus boisei, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. Each species is briefly discussed with details about when and where they lived as well as important traits that linked them to later human ancestors or differentiated them from other species.
Similar to A brief history of life (20)
CHAPTER 9The Earliest Dispersal of the Genus Homo Homo .docx
CHAPTER 9The Earliest Dispersal of the Genus Homo Homo .docx
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variation
Evolution, Primatology, Human Ancestry, Physical variation
A brief history of life
- 1. A Brief History of Life How Did Everything Begin?
- 2. Intelligent Design Theories (Creation Myths)
- 3. More Stories from Around the World…
- 4. …on how the world began…
- 5. …all of them unique
- 8. If the earth has existed for 4.5 billion years, what about life on earth? • Earliest evidence: cyanobacteria called stromatolites (3.4 billion years), in Australia • As early as 3.8 billion years ago • Earth was stable enough to support life • Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
- 9. But where? • Possibly the ocean, based on evidences • Fossils • Deep sea microbes • Smoker fossils in China
- 10. From single-celled organisms to complex creatures… Evolution Natural selection- helpful traits vs. harmful traits Adaptation- best suited for environment Genetic drift- independent process that produces random changes; chance Diversification in nature
- 13. The Descent of Man and the Attacks on Evolution
- 14. The Human Story • Cenozoic Era (“Age of Mammals”) • Around 2.5 million years ago • African Savanna – Mammals including primates • Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor between 7 to 6 million years ago
- 15. If they are happy swinging in trees, why come down? • Evidences found in the Great Rift Valley, savannas on the Eastern part of Africa – Difficulty in knuckle walking → adapt to bipedalism – Predators abound → flight or fight, shelter and protect – Scattered plants → change in diet, enriched food selection
- 16. “The Southern Ape” • Australopithecus • 5 to 1 million years ago • Characteristics similar to humans and apes • Comparable brain size with a chimpanzee • A. afarensis →
- 17. Pero murampa na ni siya… • Bipedal; hands like humans • A. africanus • Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
- 18. Mr. Handy Man • Homo habilis • 2.5 to 1.5 million years ago • opposable thumbs- efficient means of handling things and creating tools
- 19. The Original Laagan • Homo erectus • 1.6 million years to 200,000 years ago • Bigger brains, taller • ← Peking Man
- 20. Taller, Smarter, Wiser • Homo sapiens • Neanderthals • Cro-magnon
- 21. Wisest of them all? • Homo sapiens sapiens
- 22. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com Is home to well over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This a free site. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching