A BIRD VIEW ON DUSHI & GARAVISHA......pdf

Critical Review on the concept
of Dushivisha & Garavisha
Dr M H, BIRADAR
MD(AYU)
PROFESSOR
DEPT OF AGADATANTRA & VYAVAHARA AYURVEDA
BLDEAS AVS AYURVEDA MAHAVIDYALAYA VIJAYAPURA
Dr M. H. Biradar, BLDEA's AVS AMV
Vijayapur
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VISHA
• The substance which causes grief to the world
• The term visha is causing Vishada / depression of spirits even
to the devatas.
• The substance which causes vitiation of Rasadi dhatus, in turn
hampering the health / life of a person is termed as visha.
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Classification of krutrima visha (YR)
Two types
• DUSHI VISHA - which is poisonous
• GARAVISHA- Which is without poison
Samyogaja visha- is also 2 types-
• Dushi- with poison
• Gara – without any poison
• AS PER CHARAKA & SUSHRUTA-
SAMYOGAJA VISHA- 2
• GARA & KRUTRIMA.
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DUSHIVISHA
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CONCEPTUAL THOUGHTS-
DUSHIVISHA
• WHICH- After entering the body
• WHY- Remain in the body without elimination
• WHEN- After secondary cause
• WHERE- Depends where the poisons deposited
• WHAT- Cause several diseases
• All Vishas =
• CUMULATIVE TOXICITY
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DEFINITION
यत् स्थावरं जान्गम क
ृ त्रिमं वा देहादशेषं यदत्रिगगतं तत|
जीर्णं त्रवषघ्नौषत्रित्रिहगतं वा दावात्रि वातातप शोत्रषतं वा |
स्विावतो वा गुर्ण त्रवप्रहीिं त्रवषं त्रह दू त्रष
त्रवषतामुपैत्रत (सु.क.२/२५)
• Which poison not fully eliminated from the body.
• Visha become less potent due to the contamination of davagni, due to the cold
and heat of nature.(externally)
• Internally due to the vishagnaoushadies / Agadas /Antitoxic drugs visha became
less potent.
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WHY
वीयगल्पिावत् ि त्रिपातयेत्तत कफावृतं वषगगर्णािुबन्धि I (सु.क.२/२६)
• When poison enter into body elimination is the reaction, But it is due
to less potent, it stays in body longer time then it becomes
Kaphaavruta / Avarana become inactive.
• Kaalaantaraprakopi visham Dooshivisham
( Chakrapani).
• Visha, that gets vitiated after a long time.
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From Keraliya visha chikitsa
granthas
• In poisonous bite cases, if visha is not relieved by external
applications, it will proceed from area of bite to further dhatus
and become dooshivisha.
• Various Rogaanu & Anunaashaka oushadhies, if remained in
the body for a longer duration can turn to DV.
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• The deffective food habits (Adhyashana, Virudhashana,
Ajeernashana) can – DV
• The retention of metabolic waste products (fecal, urine, &
Menstrual blood) in the body will cause re-absorption of
toxins into blood stream leading to DV.
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WHEN
दू त्रषतं देशकालान्नत्रदवास्वप्नैरिीक्ष्र्णश: I
यस्माद् दू षयते िातूि तस्माद् दू षीत्रवषं स्मृतम II (सु.क.२/३३)
कोपं च शीतात्रिलदुत्रदगिेषु यात्याशु, पूवग श्रुर्णु ति रुपम II (सु.क.२/२९)
Secondary precipitating factor
A constant exposure to particular Desh, Kaala, Anna, & Diwaswapna
It gets aggravated on cloudy day and by exposure to cold and wind.
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• HOW TO DIAGNOSE
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दू षीत्रवष पूवगरुप
त्रिद्रा गुरुत्वं च त्रवजृम्भर्ण च त्रवश्लेषहषागवथव
अंगमदग: (सु.क.२/२९)
• sleepiness,
• Heaviness
• Yawning
• A sense of looseness in the joints
• Horripilation
• Body ache
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दू षीत्रवष लक्षर्ण:
तेिात्रदगतो त्रिन्नपुरीषवर्णो त्रवगिवैरस्यमुख:
त्रपपात्रस I
मूर्च्गि वमि गदगदवान्धिषर्णो िवेच्च
दू ष्योदरत्रलंगजुष्ट: II (सु.क.२/२७)
Diarrhea , Discoloration of skin , Bad smell & taste in the mouth,
Thirst which is profound, Fainting, Vomiting, Stammering
speech , Sadness & Dushyodara.
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दू षीत्रवषं तु शोत्रर्णत दुष्ट्य अरु: त्रकत्रति कोठ त्रलङ्ग
ं
च
त्रवषम एक
ै क
ं दोषं सन्दू ष्य हरत्यसूिेवम II
(सु.क.२३/३१)
DUSHI VISHA – It vitiates the Rakta and causes pustules,
exfoliation, & urticarial rashes. It further affects the dhatus and
causes death of the person.
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STHANANUSARA
LAKSHANA(FEATURES ACC TO
SITE OF LODGING)
आमाशयस्थे कफवातरोगी पक्वाशयस्थे
अत्रिलत्रपत्तरोगी I
िवेन्नरो ध्वस्त त्रशरोरुहाङ्ग् दो त्रवलूिपक्षस्तु
यथात्रवहङ्ग् द: II
न्धस्थतं रसात्रदष्वथवा यथोक्ताि करोत्रत
िातुप्रिवाि II (सु.क.२/२८)
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VISESHA LAKSHANA
• When DV is localized in the Amashaya the patient suffers with
diseases of kaphavata like Asthama.
• When Pakwashaya he suffers from diseases of Vatapitta –
Keshapatana.
• The person become week appear like a Bird which has lost its
wings. when it is lodged in the Rasa & other dhatus, it gives
rise to particular dhatu pradoshaja vikara.
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• Immunoglobuline will be raised
• ESR will be High
• Lymphocytes increased
• LFT defected
• ANA
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SADHYA SADHYATA
• A case of dushi visha in a wise and judicious person & which
is recent origin is cured.
• More than 1 year- Yapya.
• In immaciated person & patient who indulges unsuitable food
& activities – Asaadhya.
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उपद्रव
ज्वरे दाहे च त्रहक्कायाम आिाहे शुक्रसंक्षये I
शोफ
े अत्रतसारे मूर्ागयां हृद्रोगे जठरेत्रपच II
उन्मादं वेपथौ चैवायेचान्येस्युरुपद्रवा: II
(सु.क.२/५३- ५४)
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त्रचत्रकत्सा
दू त्रषत्रवषातं सुन्धस्वन्नम उध्वं च अिश्र्च शोत्रितम I
दू त्रषत्रवषारर अगदं लेहयेत मिुिाप्लुतम II
(अ.हृ.उ. ३५/३८)
SHODHANA – After proper snehana & swedana – Ubaya shodhana
Importancre of swedana – Suswinnam
Samyak swedana- should be done- remove the Kapha avarana in
dushi visha.
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अगदपाि
दू त्रषत्रवषारर अगद
त्रपप्पल्यो ध्यामक
ं मांसी लोध्रं एला सुवत्रचग
क
ु टन्नट ितं क
ु ष्टं यष्टी चन्दि गैररकम II
दू त्रषत्रवषारर: िाम्नायं च अन्यिात्रप वायगते I
(अ.हृ.उ. ३५/३९-४०)
• Nirvisha agada - vata kapha shamana
• Rasayana, Shamana yoga
• All clinical conditions diagnosed as the one due to Dushivisha
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Name of the Drug Latin name Parts used Indications
Pippali Piper longum Fruit, Root Vrushya, Deepani,
Medhya, Rasayani,
Rechani, Swasa, Kasa,
Udara, Jwara, Kusta,
Prameha, Gulma,
Kshaya, Arsha, Pleeha,
Shulahara.
Dhyamaka Vitiveria
Zizanoidis/
Cymbopogon
Martini))
Stem, Leaf, Flower Bhuta, Apasmara,
Kusta, Visha,
Chakshu,
Lodhra Syplocos
racemosa
Stem, Bark, Flower Chakshusya, Grahi,
Vatakaphahara,
Vishahara,
Raktapittahara, Jwara,
Atisara, Shotahara.
Ela Elettaria Seeds Mutrakruchra, Swasa,
Kasa, Arshahara,
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Suvarchika
Saltpeter
Potassii nitras Agnimandya janita
vyadhi, Jwara,
Gulma, Shoola,
Shotha,
Swedajanana,
Mutrala
AS U-42/79-82 Sarpa
Pratisheda adhyaya
BPN:157-162
Mustak Cyprus rotundus Tuber Deepana, Pachana,
Medhya, Sangrahi,
Kaphapittahara,
Visarpa, Kandu,Kusta,
Trut, Jwara,Dah a,
Aruchi,Krimi,
Vishapaha.
Tagar Valeriana wallichii Root Bhuta, Unmada,
Apasmara, Visha,
Doshatrayapaha,
Shula, Akshirogahara.
Kustha Saussurea lappa Root Kusta, Upanaha,
Vatahara, Visarpa,
Kasa, Kusta, Swasa,
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Yastimadhu Glycyrrhiza glabra Stem Sandhaneeya,
Varnya, Kanthya,
Kandugna,
Chardinigraha,
Shonitasthapana,
Mutravirajaneeya,
Snehana,
Vamanaopaga,
Vruna,Shota,
Chardi, Visha,
Glani, Kshaya
Chandan Santalum album Heart wood Ushna, Vata, Daha,
Granti Kota, Visha,
Krimi,
Sashonitahara,
Raktaprasadana
Jatamamsi Nardostachys
jatamamsi
Root, Root Bark. Arsha, Kandu,
Karna, Netra, Vruna,
Mukharogas, Visha,
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Gairika Ferrous oxide
Fe2O3 Purified Gairika
with Jambeera
swarasa.
Kaphapittan
ashaka,
Chakshushy
a, Sthabana,
Raktashodh
aka,
vishagna,
Raktarsha,
Netraroga,
Visarpa,
HIkka,
Vrana,
Visha,
Visphota.
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• PATOLA KATUROHINYADI KASHAYA
• KALYANAKA GHRUTA
• VILWADI AGADA
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MODERN CORRELATION
• Allergy /Hypersensitivity
• Delayed toxicity
• Free radicals
• Drug interaction
• chronic toxicity
• Oxidative stress
• Environmental
• Cumulative toxicity etc
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CLASSICAL VIEW ON
GARAVISHA
• The word Gara comes from gru (Rootword) and ach (suffix)
which means to digluted or in liquid form.
• It is classified under Kritrima/ Sanyogaja visha.
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DEFINITION
गरसंयोगजं चान्यद गरसंज्ञंगदप्रदम I
कालान्तरत्रवपात्रकत्वान्न तदाशु हरत्यसूि II
(च.त्रच.२३/१४)
• Garavisha- is considered as one of the forms of krutrima visha.
which is prepared artificially by the combination of substances
either poisonous / non –poisonous. They are slowly metabolized /
digested in the body, shows their effects after sometime and
hence do not kill the person instantly.
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• िािाप्राण्यंगशमलत्रवरुध्दौषत्रििस्मिाम I
त्रवषार्णां चाल्पवीयागिां योगो गर इत्रत स्मृत: II
अ.हृ.उ.३५/४९-५०)
• Combination of different body parts of animals and their
excreta / the ashes of drugs with incompatible potency
(veerya) and poisonous substances of mild potency is known
as Garavisha.
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CHAKRAPANI
• Two types of Garavisha on the bases of dravya bheda.
• Nirvisha dravya samyoga-
Combination of nonpoisonous matter given along with
nontoxic substance.
• Savisha dravya samyoga-
Combination of toxic substance.
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Arunadatta
Garavisha combinations can bring about fatalities either acutely
(Aashu), Sub acutely (chirad), or in a long run (Chiratarad).
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VIRUDDHA AHARAAS GARAVISHA
• A H Anna Raksha Vidhi Adhyaya 7/29
• Viruddhamapi cha aharam
vidyadvishagaropamam||
• Nirvisha drvyakrutam garasamjnakam||
• SARVANGA SUNDARA
Viruddhamapi cha aharam vishagaropamam vidhyat |
Visha garavadviruddhara api vyadhi mrutyuhetavaha||
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DIFFERENT MODES OF
ADMINISTRATION OF POISON
सौिाग्याथग न्धिय: स्वेदरजोिािा अंगजाि मलाि I
शिुप्रयूक्तांश्र्च गराि प्रयर्च्न्त्यन्नत्रमत्रश्रताि II
(च.त्रच.२३/२३३)
• Women in order to gain favor from their husband / the king, either
by their own or due to the influence of the kings enemies, serve
their sweat, menstrual blood / different types excreta of their body
along with the food which acts as Garavisha.
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अन्ने पािे दन्तकाष्ठे तथाभ्यङ्ग
े अिुलेपिे I
उत्सादिे कषाये च पररषेक
ं अिुलेपिे II
स्रक्षु विेषु शय्यासु कवचािरर्णेषु च I
पादुका पादपीठे षु पृष्ठेषु गजवात्रजिाम II
त्रवषजुटेषु च अन्येषु िस्य िूम अञ्जिात्रदषु I
(सु.क.१/२५-२७)
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SIGN & SYMPTOMS OF
GARAVISHA
• SHAREERIKA LAKSHANA-
Pandu, krusha, Alpagni, Kasa, Swasa, Jwara, Pratiloma of
vayu, Mahaudara, Mahayakrut, Mahapleeha, Deenvak,
Durbala, Shopha, Satata admana, Shuskapadakara, Kshyaya.
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MANASIKA LAKSHANA
• SWAPNA CHINTA PARAYANA- Person is always either dreamy /
tensed.
• Swapne Gomayu-marjara- nakula- vyala- vanara-
In his dream he visualises animals like jackal, cat, mongoose, snake,
monkey ect.
• Praya; pasyati shuskash vanaspati jalashyan- dreems of dry tree
and ponds.
• Thinks that he has become black instead of fair / vice versa.
• Sees his Ears, Nose, Eyes ect as Rough and distorted / Twisted.
• The patient of Garavisha may suffer from those and many other
difficult and dreadful symptoms and if not treated soon may die.
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MANAGEMENT
• NIDAN PARIVARJANA-
• When the sign & sym of Garavisha are suspected……..
• Physician should do a proper interrogation of the patient
regarding what food was taken,
• When it was taken, along with whom it was taken and so on so
as to detect the means through which Garavisha is
administered and hence it can be avoided.
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VAMANA & HRUDAYA
SHODHANA
• (C CHI 23/239) after proper interrogation – Instantaneously be
given vamana with TAMRA CHURNA + MADHU .
• Sukshmam tamra rajastasmai saksoudram hrudvishodhanam||
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HEMA PRASHANA
• Shuddhe hrudi tatah shanam hema churnasya dapayet|| (C CHI 23/239)
• After hurdaya shodhana – 1 shana( karsha chaturthasha/12gm/4= 3gm
of Swarna bhasma.
• In general dose of swarna bhasma- -1/8- ¼ ratti (R T) &
2 Ratti (R S S)
• IMPORTANCE OF SWARNA ( c chi 23/240)
Intake of Swarna immediately counter acts all the poisons including the
Gara visha. The poison does not stick to the body if the patient has
taken swarna , just as water does not stick to a lotus leaf.
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AGADA PANA
1)MURVADI AGADA- (C CHI 23/240)
• When the Agni is affected by Garavisha .
• Murva, amruta, kana, nata, chavya, vacha, musta, vidanga are
powdered and taken along with takra, ushnodaka, dadhi mastu,
mamsa rasa / beejapura rasa.
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• Nirvisha agada with kapha vata shamana
• Garopahata paavakah
• All clinical conditions diagnosed as the one due to Gara.
• Cosmetic allergy - complex systemic
disorders.
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2)Nagadantyadi ghrita (c chi
23/241)-
• Mahisha ghrita pachana with nagadanti, danti, dravanti, snuhi
ksheera, madanaphala, along with 1 adhaka of gomutra is
used in curing patients suffering from the poisons of snakes
and insects and from Gara.
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Sharkara suvarnadi yoga(A h u 35/
56)
• Swarnamakshika bhasma+ Swarna bhasma+ sharkara+ madhu
– cures gara.
• Paaravatadi Hima – ( A H U 35/ 59)
• The hima prepared from pigeons meat, shati, and pushkara-
mula cures gara and other disorders poroduced by it.
• Bilwadi Agada (Sarpa)
• Tiktaka ghruta (Kusta)
• Kalyanaka ghruta (Unmada )
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CURRENT SIGNIFICANE OF
GARAVISHA
• Food
• Drinks
• Medicines
• cosmetics
• House hold poisons like detergents, toothpaste, garden
poisons etc.
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FOOD
• Food adulteration - improving the profit.
• Food additives – like sodium nitrate, Trans fats, MSG etc in
our common food.
• Some pesticide residues are also reported from our fruits and
vegetables.
• Defective processing, packaging, un hygienic practices -
Enhance the presence of micro organisms in our food.
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SUGAR
• Unnatural substance – Refinied with Sulphur dioxide,
Phospheric acid, calcium hydroxide and activated carbon –
with no nutrient value.
• Refined sugar depletes your body of all the VitB , it leaches
calcium from hair, bones blood & teeth.
• Digestion process – ferments- stomach – stop secretion –
inhibits stomach ability.
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Wheat flour
• Lindane
• DDT
• Aldrin dieldren & Ethion also were found in many
samples.
• MAIDA- Alexon(kills the beta cells- pancreas) – banned
– FSSAI
• Benzoyl peroxide 40 p.p.m
• Potassium bromate 20p.p.m
• Ascorbic acid 200 p.p.m
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Food/milk/soft drinks
Additives
Long Term Hazard
Erythrosine Cancer
Tartrazine Hyperactivity, Asthma, Skin rashes, and Migraine
Potassium nitrate May lower oxygen carrying capacity of blood. May combine
with other substance to form nitrosamines may negatively
effect the adrenal gland
Calcium benzoate May temporarily inhibit digestive enzyme function and may
deplete level of the amino acid glycine
Calcium Sulphite May causes bronchial problems, flushing ,low blood pressure
,tingling and anaphylactic shock.
Monosodium Glutamate Obesity,
Artificial fruit Ripener Causing cancer, Cardiovascular disease, Kidney and liver
dysfunction, Hormonal imbalance, Reproductive disorders
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Soft drinks (Pepsi, soda, Fanta, sprite etc) Dissolves tooth enamel, Asthma, Kidney stone
Sugar overload Obesity, Osteoporosis and
Increase risk of Diabetes
Artificial fruit Ripened Causing cancer, Cardiovascular disease, Kidney
and liver dysfunction, Hormonal imbalance,
Reproductive disorders, Birth defects,
Premature births, Immune system
Suppression, Musculoskeletal disease,
Impeded nervous and Sensory system
development, Mental health problems,
Urogenital disease, Old-age dementia, and
Learning disabilities.
Urea Lung damage , parkinsonism, Nephritic
syndrome, Neurotoxicity, Cancer.
Formaline Genotoxicity and cancer of different parts
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Drinks
Drinks / beverages are changing its form to soft drinks, milk,
milkshakes, carbonated water etc.
• MILK- Jeevaniya dravya / Sampurna Ahara/ complete
food. BUT now termed as- White poison owing to the
presence of pesticide residues, infectious microbes,
adulterants, excessive harmones.
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COMMON ADULTERANT IN
MILK
• Urea
• Formalin
• Detergents
• Ammonium sulphate
• Boric acid
• Sugar
• Starch
• Salicylic acids
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Caustic soda etc
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Drugs-
• Various modern drugs and chemicals are also proved as toxic.
• Paracetamol
• Aspirin
• Banned drug- Nimesulide
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Long term hazard of drugs
Drug Long Side Effect
Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity
Rifampicin Hepatotoxicity
Streptomycine Ototoxicity
Paracetamol Hepatotoxicity
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Cosmetics-
Face creams , lotions, sun screen, lipsticks, sprays etc. has become
part of this modern lifestyle.
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The top 10 negative effects of using cosmetics and make-up daily:
1 - Increases the chance of getting cancer
2 – Breathing Disorders.
3 – Damage to our Reproductive Systems.
4 – Disruption of Thyroid Systems.
5 – Allergic Reactions.
6 – Itching and Skin Disorders.
7 – Skin Discoloration
8 – Potential Eye Infections.
9 – Depression.
10 – Headaches.
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Dushivisha GARAVISHA
KAPHAVRITA (Remain covered with Kapha) Does not remain covered by Kapha
Latent Stage of Poison (Hidden) Type of Visha(Mixture of poisonous/ Non
Poisonous drugs.
It can be Animate, In animate/ Artificial Poison Artificial Poison
Does not cause death immediately It may be the cause of sudden or delayed
death
Kalantara Prakopi ( Got aggravated with
favorable factor)
No role of aggravating factor
No Symptoms related to Dream Symptoms related to Dream Present.
Shodhana & Shamana It can be Chirakari (Chronic)/ Ashukari (Acute)
Hrudaya shodhana & Swarna prashana,
Satwavajaya & Daiva vyapashraya chikitsa also
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CONCLUSION
• Dushi visha is not a type of visha but it is a transformational state of any
visha.
• Due to apaki quality of visha it neither get digested nor eliminated but stays
in the body for long duration, being Avrita by kapha
• At present, People are taking the junk food, ready to eat food having much
more percentage of preservatives, coloring and sweetener in food,
synthetic milk, additives in soft drink which also interfere the entire
process of digestion and absorption of Aahar rasa due to its kalantar
vipak nature if it takes persistently since prolong time.
Vijayapur
67

• Garavisha and Dooshivisha unique contribution
from Ayurveda, both may be the main cause for the
decreasing health status of the society.
• Education & public awareness Programme is
necessary to make people aware of the risk &
Prapogation of Ayurvedic principles of food should
be done.
• The Ayurvedic treatment may be the ideal choice.
• Under certain condition visha will remains harmless
to the body and effect of visha are nullified –
Satmya, Alpa, Deeptagni, Niyamita vyayama,
Balinaam.
Vijayapur
68

THANK YOU
Vijayapur
69

A BIRD VIEW ON DUSHI & GARAVISHA......pdf

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