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GPRS is a packet-based mobile data service that enhances GSM networks. It introduces packet-switched routing to provide higher bandwidth and "always on" connectivity compared to GSM. The GPRS architecture includes new network elements like SGSN and GGSN that interface with external networks, as well as upgrades to existing GSM components. GPRS benefits include efficient use of network resources and billing based on data usage rather than connection time. It enables new mobile applications and services.
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General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)
General packet radio services (GPRS) is step to efficiently transport high-speed data over the current GSM and TDMA-based wireless network infrastructures.
Deployment of GPRS networks allows a variety of new applications ranging from mobile e-commerce to mobile corporate VPN access
Deployments of GPRS network has already taken place in several countries in Europe and the far east.
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Abstract: Traffic is the chief puzzle problem in which every country faces to elaborate sending a
number of packets throughout the world. This paper proposes a new speculation for distributed traffic
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to previse the maximum allowable sending rate by observing the queue size of router. The network
traffic control protocol is unique to estimate the network parameter which involves link latency,
bottleneck bandwidth or packet loss rate in order to compute the allowed source sending rate. The fuzzy
logic based controller can measure queue size directly, it neglects various potential performance issues
arising due to parameter estimation as reduce consumption of computation and memory resource in
router. A network parameter, the queue size can be viewed accurately and if action should be taken to
regulate the source sending rate and it increases the resilience of the network to traffic congestion.
Using the fuzzy logic technique, QoS (Quality of Service) can achieve better performance than the
existing protocol that depends on the estimation of network parameter, to make the network more
adaptive for current traffic conditions.
Introduction to GPRS
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) allows mobile phones to send and receive data across mobile networks. It provides always-on connectivity, supports new applications, and reduces costs for operators through billing based on data volume rather than connection time. GPRS enables multimedia messaging, internet access on smart devices, and push-to-talk features. It requires updates to existing network elements and adding new packet network nodes to fully implement a GPRS network.
Using fuzzy logic control to provide intelligent traffic management service f...
Using fuzzy logic control to provide intelligent traffic management service f...JPINFOTECH JAYAPRAKASH
This paper proposes a distributed traffic management framework that uses fuzzy logic control. Routers are deployed with intelligent data rate controllers to manage increasing internet traffic. Unlike other explicit traffic control protocols that estimate network parameters, the fuzzy logic controller can directly measure router queue size. This avoids issues from parameter estimation while reducing computation and memory usage. The queue size is used to proactively regulate source sending rates, increasing resilience to congestion. Simulation results show the new scheme achieves better performance than existing protocols relying on network parameter estimation.GPRS
This document discusses mobile computing and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology. It provides details on GPRS network architecture including GPRS support nodes like SGSN and GGSN, protocols like GTP, and interfaces like Gb between SGSN and GGSN. It describes GPRS functionality like PDP context activation, mobility management, routing, and communication with IP networks. Key aspects of GPRS like QoS, security, and radio resource management are also summarized. Diagrams illustrate the GPRS network architecture and routing process.
GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)
Introduction of GPRS
QoS in GPRS
GPRS Network Architecture
GPRS Network Operation
Data Service,
Application,
Limitation In GPRS
Billing and Charging In GPRS
GPRS
GPRS is a packet-based mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication systems. It provides higher data transmission rates and efficient use of network resources compared to existing cellular networks. GPRS allows users to be continuously connected to the network and transfer data in bursts. It introduces packet-switched routing to the existing GSM infrastructure and supports applications like internet, email and file transfer through connections to external packet networks.
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Recommended
General Packet Radio Service(GPRS)
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Deployment of GPRS networks allows a variety of new applications ranging from mobile e-commerce to mobile corporate VPN access
Deployments of GPRS network has already taken place in several countries in Europe and the far east.
Dynamic Traffic Management Services to Provide High Performance in IntelRate ...
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number of packets throughout the world. This paper proposes a new speculation for distributed traffic
management by availing the presumption of fuzzy logic. The routers are established by using an
IntelRate Controllers to manage the traffic congestion in the networks dynamically. Fuzzy logic is used
to previse the maximum allowable sending rate by observing the queue size of router. The network
traffic control protocol is unique to estimate the network parameter which involves link latency,
bottleneck bandwidth or packet loss rate in order to compute the allowed source sending rate. The fuzzy
logic based controller can measure queue size directly, it neglects various potential performance issues
arising due to parameter estimation as reduce consumption of computation and memory resource in
router. A network parameter, the queue size can be viewed accurately and if action should be taken to
regulate the source sending rate and it increases the resilience of the network to traffic congestion.
Using the fuzzy logic technique, QoS (Quality of Service) can achieve better performance than the
existing protocol that depends on the estimation of network parameter, to make the network more
adaptive for current traffic conditions.
Introduction to GPRS
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) allows mobile phones to send and receive data across mobile networks. It provides always-on connectivity, supports new applications, and reduces costs for operators through billing based on data volume rather than connection time. GPRS enables multimedia messaging, internet access on smart devices, and push-to-talk features. It requires updates to existing network elements and adding new packet network nodes to fully implement a GPRS network.
Using fuzzy logic control to provide intelligent traffic management service f...
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This paper proposes a distributed traffic management framework that uses fuzzy logic control. Routers are deployed with intelligent data rate controllers to manage increasing internet traffic. Unlike other explicit traffic control protocols that estimate network parameters, the fuzzy logic controller can directly measure router queue size. This avoids issues from parameter estimation while reducing computation and memory usage. The queue size is used to proactively regulate source sending rates, increasing resilience to congestion. Simulation results show the new scheme achieves better performance than existing protocols relying on network parameter estimation.GPRS
This document discusses mobile computing and GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology. It provides details on GPRS network architecture including GPRS support nodes like SGSN and GGSN, protocols like GTP, and interfaces like Gb between SGSN and GGSN. It describes GPRS functionality like PDP context activation, mobility management, routing, and communication with IP networks. Key aspects of GPRS like QoS, security, and radio resource management are also summarized. Diagrams illustrate the GPRS network architecture and routing process.
GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)
Introduction of GPRS
QoS in GPRS
GPRS Network Architecture
GPRS Network Operation
Data Service,
Application,
Limitation In GPRS
Billing and Charging In GPRS
GPRS
GPRS is a packet-based mobile data service on the 2G and 3G cellular communication systems. It provides higher data transmission rates and efficient use of network resources compared to existing cellular networks. GPRS allows users to be continuously connected to the network and transfer data in bursts. It introduces packet-switched routing to the existing GSM infrastructure and supports applications like internet, email and file transfer through connections to external packet networks.
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This document summarizes a paper that investigates limitations of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) related to load balancing and security. It discusses how BGP currently only selects a single "best path" for routing traffic, which does not enable load balancing across multiple equal-cost paths. It also examines security issues with BGP like a lack of message integrity, authentication, and validation of routing information. Potential solutions explored include load sharing techniques and defining routing policies to distribute traffic across multiple links and providers. The paper aims to analyze these BGP limitations and implications of proposed solutions.
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General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) provides packet-based mobile data and a range of speeds up to 114 kbps within GSM networks. It allows multiple users to share radio channel resources and is charged per megabyte rather than connection time. GPRS uses packet switching rather than circuit switching, and defines quality of service profiles including priority, reliability, delay and throughput. The GPRS architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data, uses tunneling between network elements, and modifies existing GSM components with software upgrades and new hardware like the PCU. Security includes authentication, key management and ciphering. Mobility is managed through routing area updates rather than location area updates as in
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IEEE 2014 JAVA NETWORKING PROJECTS On the excess bandwidth allocation in isp ...
IEEE 2014 JAVA NETWORKING PROJECTS On the excess bandwidth allocation in isp ...IEEEGLOBALSOFTSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.orgHigher Throughput Maintenance Using Average Time Standard for Multipath Data ...
Wireless network has come out as one of the key enablers for reliable data delivery for different types of applications.Ad-hoc
network consists of self-actuated node that collaborates in order to transfer the information.Trajectory-based Statistical
Forwarding (TSF) method used optimal target point selection algorithm to forward packets in order to satisfy probability of
packet delivery over multi-hopbut failed provide higher throughput on the multipath data delivery. TheVoid Aware Pressure Routing (VAPR) method used hop count and intensity information to build a directional data delivery system but
performance of specialized geographic routing based multipath data delivery was not attained. To maintain the higher
throughput level on ad-hoc network data delivery, Median Multicast Throughput Data Delivery (MMTDD) mechanism is
proposed in thispaper.The basic idea of MMTDD mechanism is to divide a message into multiple shares and deliver them via
multiple independent source paths to the destination. MMTDD mechanism with the average time standard takes the best
threshold value for every data (i.e.,) packet partitioning by avoiding packet loss. By this means, MMTDD mechanism uses
the Average Time Standard (ATS) to guarantee the required packet allocationwith higher throughput level. With the application of ATS, the MMTDD mechanism derives the theoretical model by attainingapproximately 4% higher throughput level on the multipath data delivery in ad-hoc network. MMTDD mechanism makes use of time scheduling
schemes to discover and maintain data delivery paths with minimal time consumption.Median Multicast in MMTDD
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2) MAC protocols were originally designed for wired networks but are now used for wireless due to packet loss mainly from collisions.
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scalable laboratory architecture to manipulate QoS parameters of different data communications flowing
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D2 d delay aware distributed dynamic adaptation of contention windowin wirele...
Shakas Technologies Provides, 2016-2017 Project titles, Real time project titles, IEEE Project Titles 2016-2017, NON-IEEE Project Titles, Latest project titles 2016, MCA Project titles, Final Year Project titles 2016-2017..
Contact As:
Shakas Technologies
#13/19, 1st Floor, Municipal Colony,
Kangeyanellore Road, Gandhi Nagar,
Vellore-632006,
Cell: 9500218218
Mobile: 0416-2247353 / 6066663
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2) A cross-layer optimization framework for resource allocation that exchanges information across protocol layers to optimize performance and maintain end-to-end QoS for users.
3) An on-demand bandwidth allocation technique that allocates bandwidth based on service flow demands to efficiently manage bandwidth utilization.
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- The liquid-simulated algorithm aims to keep load balanced between WMRs by treating load as a liquid level and allowing flows between nodes to equalize levels across the network.
- The framework uses a proactive routing approach within this load balancing algorithm, with topology broadcasting constrained within clusters and adjacent clusters to reduce overhead.
Second review
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Unit 3 it6601 presentation
This document discusses GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and its features and benefits over existing GSM networks. It provides an overview of GPRS network architecture including new elements like SGSN and GGSN, and interfaces like Gb, Gn, and Gi. Key benefits of GPRS mentioned are higher speed data rates of 14.4-115kbps, more efficient use of bandwidth, and ability to use circuit and packet switching in parallel. The document also provides a brief introduction to UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) as a 3G cellular standard building on GSM and offering higher data rates and quality of service.
Seminar gprs
GPRS is a packet-based mobile data service on GSM networks that provides higher data rates and more efficient data transfer than traditional GSM networks. GPRS uses a packet-switched technology and radio resources are shared dynamically across users. The key network elements that support GPRS include the SGSN which manages data sessions and mobility, and the GGSN which connects the GPRS network to external data networks. GPRS enables numerous mobile data applications like web browsing, email, and remote access by supporting common internet protocols and billing based on data usage rather than connection time.
GPRS.pdf
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) provides packet mode data transfer for applications that require frequent transmission of small volumes of data, such as typical web requests. Compared to existing data services, GPRS uses network resources more efficiently for packet applications and provides quality of service parameters. GPRS allows for broadcast, multicast, and unicast services with the overall goal of providing a more efficient and cheaper packet transfer service. Key concepts of GPRS include dynamic allocation of time slots, independent channel characteristics, and support for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint services.
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This document summarizes the evolution of mobile data networks from 2G to 4G. It describes 2G technologies like GSM and the introduction of GPRS to enable packet-switched data. It then covers improvements like EDGE and the transition to 3G networks using UMTS/HSPA. Finally, it discusses the 4G LTE standard and its core network architecture known as SAE. The document provides high-level overviews of the key technologies and components involved in the progression of mobile data networks.
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General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) provides packet-based mobile data and a range of speeds up to 114 kbps within GSM networks. It allows multiple users to share radio channel resources and is charged per megabyte rather than connection time. GPRS uses packet switching rather than circuit switching, and defines quality of service profiles including priority, reliability, delay and throughput. The GPRS architecture introduces new network elements like the SGSN and GGSN to route data, uses tunneling between network elements, and modifies existing GSM components with software upgrades and new hardware like the PCU. Security includes authentication, key management and ciphering. Mobility is managed through routing area updates rather than location area updates as in
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This document discusses wireless ad hoc and sensor networks and routing protocols. It begins by defining routing as the process of moving data packets from a source to destination, which is usually performed by routers. Common objectives of routing protocols are to route packets along optimal paths while adapting to changing network conditions. Routing protocols are then categorized as link-state or distance-vector protocols. The document also discusses the purposes and challenges of routing in wireless ad hoc networks, as well as requirements for ad hoc routing protocols. Finally, it provides an overview of different types of ad hoc unicast routing protocols, including table-driven, on-demand, and hybrid protocols.
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In this paper, we propose a novel multi-hop cluster architecture for location service protocol in vehicular ad
hoc networks. The proposed scheme uses two parameters which are the connectivity between vehicles and the
vehicle mobility to select cluster head. The performance of the proposed scheme is the tradeoff between the
vehicle locations and the communication overheads. The proposed scheme is not only scalable but also
reliable and is able to achieve high load balancing with fast convergence. The cluster constructed by the
proposed scheme is more stable than exiting vehicular ad hoc network clustering schemes. Specifically, the
proposed scheme can increase the cluster-head lifetime up to 50%. The reason behind this achievement is
that the proposed scheme considers vehicle mobility in terms of average link expiration time while selecting
cluster-head.
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This document discusses load balancing in content delivery networks (CDNs). It proposes a novel distributed algorithm for load balancing based on a fluid flow model characterization of the network servers. The algorithm is designed to achieve equilibrium of queues across the network. It leverages local balancing to achieve global balancing through periodic interaction among system nodes. Simulations are used to validate that the proposed algorithm exhibits excellent average response time and load balancing comparable to existing algorithms with fewer redirections.
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IEEE 2014 JAVA NETWORKING PROJECTS On the excess bandwidth allocation in isp ...
IEEE 2014 JAVA NETWORKING PROJECTS On the excess bandwidth allocation in isp ...IEEEGLOBALSOFTSTUDENTPROJECTS
To Get any Project for CSE, IT ECE, EEE Contact Me @ 09666155510, 09849539085 or mail us - ieeefinalsemprojects@gmail.com-Visit Our Website: www.finalyearprojects.orgHigher Throughput Maintenance Using Average Time Standard for Multipath Data ...
Wireless network has come out as one of the key enablers for reliable data delivery for different types of applications.Ad-hoc
network consists of self-actuated node that collaborates in order to transfer the information.Trajectory-based Statistical
Forwarding (TSF) method used optimal target point selection algorithm to forward packets in order to satisfy probability of
packet delivery over multi-hopbut failed provide higher throughput on the multipath data delivery. TheVoid Aware Pressure Routing (VAPR) method used hop count and intensity information to build a directional data delivery system but
performance of specialized geographic routing based multipath data delivery was not attained. To maintain the higher
throughput level on ad-hoc network data delivery, Median Multicast Throughput Data Delivery (MMTDD) mechanism is
proposed in thispaper.The basic idea of MMTDD mechanism is to divide a message into multiple shares and deliver them via
multiple independent source paths to the destination. MMTDD mechanism with the average time standard takes the best
threshold value for every data (i.e.,) packet partitioning by avoiding packet loss. By this means, MMTDD mechanism uses
the Average Time Standard (ATS) to guarantee the required packet allocationwith higher throughput level. With the application of ATS, the MMTDD mechanism derives the theoretical model by attainingapproximately 4% higher throughput level on the multipath data delivery in ad-hoc network. MMTDD mechanism makes use of time scheduling
schemes to discover and maintain data delivery paths with minimal time consumption.Median Multicast in MMTDD
mechanism used the balanced state flow model to deliver data on multiple paths and experiment is conducted on factors such
as time consumption, data delivery rate,average delivery delay and throughput level.
Mac
The document discusses MAC (medium access control) protocols. It provides information on:
1) MAC protocols allow multiple terminals to transmit over a wireless channel by sharing its capacity and dealing with issues like addressing and obtaining access.
2) MAC protocols were originally designed for wired networks but are now used for wireless due to packet loss mainly from collisions.
3) IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocols are used for wireless sensor networks and home automation. They operate at data rates of 20kbps, 40kbps, and 250kbps across multiple frequency bands.
vDNS - Advanced Traffic Management
This document discusses advanced traffic management and vDNS. It describes global traffic management techniques like failover, IP intelligence, and weighted distributions to direct traffic. It also covers managing traffic through load balancing, content delivery networks, and at the DNS level. vDNS is introduced for traffic management using traffic policies, endpoints, rules policies, and monitoring rules. Use cases demonstrate failover for high availability, weighted distributions for load balancing, and geolocation routing for regional content.
Dynamic routing of ip traffic
The article looks into the current state of the art of dynamic routing protocols with respect to their
possibilities to react to changes in the Quality of Service when selecting the best route towards a
destination network. New options that could leverage information about the ever changing QoS parameters
for data communication are analysed and a Cisco Performance Routing solution is described more in
detail. The practical part of this work focuses on a design and implementation of a test bed that provides a
scalable laboratory architecture to manipulate QoS parameters of different data communications flowing
through it. The test bed is used in various use cases that were used to evaluate Cisco Performance Routing
optimization capabilities in different scenarios.
D2 d delay aware distributed dynamic adaptation of contention windowin wirele...
Shakas Technologies Provides, 2016-2017 Project titles, Real time project titles, IEEE Project Titles 2016-2017, NON-IEEE Project Titles, Latest project titles 2016, MCA Project titles, Final Year Project titles 2016-2017..
Contact As:
Shakas Technologies
#13/19, 1st Floor, Municipal Colony,
Kangeyanellore Road, Gandhi Nagar,
Vellore-632006,
Cell: 9500218218
Mobile: 0416-2247353 / 6066663
Improved qo s support for wimax networks a survey
This document summarizes three approaches for improving quality of service (QoS) support in WiMAX networks:
1) A hierarchical scheduling framework that divides scheduling into three tiers to provide QoS support in point-to-point WiMAX networks.
2) A cross-layer optimization framework for resource allocation that exchanges information across protocol layers to optimize performance and maintain end-to-end QoS for users.
3) An on-demand bandwidth allocation technique that allocates bandwidth based on service flow demands to efficiently manage bandwidth utilization.
Arrjay
Traffic management provides optimal utilization of network resources by managing network traffic and providing service guarantees to user connections. It includes functions such as traffic contract management, traffic shaping, traffic policing, priority control, flow control, and congestion control. Connection admission control is used to determine whether new connection requests can be accepted while ensuring sufficient resources and quality of service for existing connections. Traffic shaping techniques such as leaky bucket algorithm alter traffic characteristics to make them more predictable and conforming to network requirements.
Optimal resource allocation in networked control systems using viterbi algorithm
This paper presents an optimal bandwidth allocation method for a networked control system (NCS) which includes time-driven sensor, event-driven controller and random channels. A hidden markov model (HMM) with a discretized state space is formulated for the random traffic to predict the network states using a suitable data window. Network bandwidth is allocated based on the predicted traffic state subject to bounds on the deterministic traffic that guarantee acceptable NCS performance and do not exceed hardware limitations. Bandwidth allocation uses minimization of unmet bandwidth demand. A stability condition is derived for a variable but bounded sampling period interval. Computer simulation results show the effect of varying the number of discrete states for the HMM and the window width on bandwidth allocation. The results compare favorably with a published approach based on fuzzy logic.
Load balancing In Wireless Mesh Networks Using liquid–Simulated Algorithm
The document proposes a hierarchical routing framework and liquid-simulated algorithm for load balancing in wireless mesh networks. Key points:
- The framework forms clusters with wireless mesh routers (WMRs) as cluster heads and simplifies clustering procedures. It uses limited topology broadcasting to allow WMRs to choose best paths between adjacent clusters.
- The liquid-simulated algorithm aims to keep load balanced between WMRs by treating load as a liquid level and allowing flows between nodes to equalize levels across the network.
- The framework uses a proactive routing approach within this load balancing algorithm, with topology broadcasting constrained within clusters and adjacent clusters to reduce overhead.
Second review
The document proposes a pull-based algorithm called Distributed Cache Invalidation Method (DCIM) to maintain cache consistency in mobile networks. DCIM implements adaptive time-to-live (TTL), piggybacking of invalidated/updated documents, and prefetching of frequently requested items. It assigns TTL values based on update rates and groups expired and high-request-rate non-expired items in validation requests. This extends previous work to add replica nodes and provide security across all nodes.
Quality of Service
This presentation discusses quality of service (QoS) in data communication networks. It defines QoS as the ability of a network to provide better service to some data flows over others. The document outlines key QoS parameters like flow data transfer rates and transmission delays. It also describes flow characteristics such as reliability, delay, jitter, and bandwidth requirements. The presentation then covers techniques for improving QoS, including scheduling methods like priority queuing and traffic shaping using leaky bucket mechanisms. It discusses reserving network resources to ensure QoS and controlling admission of packets. Finally, the document lists some important applications of QoS in mobile communication, real-time media, interactive apps, and ATM networks.
Fuzzy logic and Satellite communication Systems
This document discusses using fuzzy logic to help manage quality of service (QoS) in satellite communication systems. It outlines some challenges in maintaining service level agreements (SLAs) for QoS in satellite networks due to external factors like weather. The document proposes a fuzzy logic controller to help dynamically tune the parameters of the random early detection (RED) congestion control algorithm used in these networks. This approach aims to make satellite-IP networks more adaptive to changing weather conditions like rain fade that can impact performance.
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GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a packet-based mobile data service available via GSM networks that allows for more efficient use of network resources and faster connection times compared to traditional circuit-switched data services, offering theoretical maximum speeds of up to 171.2 Kbps; it serves as an intermediate step toward 3G networks and uses an IP-based core network architecture. GPRS introduces new network components like the SGSN and GGSN to handle packet routing and interface with external networks.
Copy Of Copy Of Gprs
- GPRS is an upgrade to GSM that allows packet-based data services and efficient use of network bandwidth. It provides higher data rates than GSM and constant connectivity.
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- Session management in GPRS involves creating a PDP context for each data connection, which contains information like the assigned PDP address and serving GGSN. Location management tracks the location of mobile devices through routing area updates.
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General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new bearer service for GSM that greatly improves and simplifies wireless access to packet data networks.General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new bearer service for GSM that greatly improves and simplifies wireless access to packet data networks
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The document provides an overview of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) technology. It discusses:
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- The history and development of GPRS from HSCSD as an upgrade path for GSM networks.
- Key GPRS network elements like the SGSN, GGSN, and their roles in routing packets and connecting to external networks.
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Gprs
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9 gprs
- 1. GPRS: General Packet Radio Service
- 2. Contents 1. Introduction to GPRS What is GPRS ? Short comings of GSM GPRS characteristics 2. GPRS architecture Acronyms Network elements 3. GPRS View Benefits of GPRS Shortcomings Applications of GPRS 4. Conclusion 5. References
- 3. What is GPRS? GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service • General -> not restricted to GSM • Packet Radio -> enables packet mode communication over air • Service, not System -> existing BSS (partially also NSS) infrastructure is used Reuse the existing GSM infrastructure • is the major GSM Phase 2+ enhancement and an important step to 3G Introduce packet-switched routing Requires many new network elements into NSS Functionality Better data transfer rates Low cost and connectivity-oriented Aims at providing data services to mobile users with high bandwidth efficiency and “always on” connectivity
- 4. Shortcomings of GSM Users’ point of view • Data rates are too slow up to 9.6 kbps • Connection setup takes too long • The service is too expensive for end users Technical point of view GSM deploys circuit-switched mechanisms, which: are inappropriate for the bursty characteristics of Internet traffic impose a time-oriented charging scheme GPRS:
- 5. GPRS Characteristics.. GPRS uses packet switched resource allocation • resources allocated only when data is to be sent/received Flexible channel allocation • one to eight time slots • available resources shared by active users • GPRS and circuit switched GSM services can use same time slots alternatively Traffic characteristics suitable for GPRS • Intermittent, bursty data transmissions • Frequent transmissions of small volumes of data • Infrequent transmission of larger volumes of data
- 6. GSM architecture and acronyms Figure: GSM system architecture
- 7. GPRS: enhancement over GSM
- 8. Architecture-components • New components introduced for GPRS services: ▫ SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) ▫ GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) • Old components in GSM upgraded for GPRS services: ▫ HLR ▫ MSC/VLR ▫ Mobile Station
- 10. Architecture GSN: GPRS support nodes • Delivery and routing of data packets between MS and external PDN (packet data network) The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is at the same hierarchical level as MSC and is responsible for: • Keeps track of the individual MSs’ location and performs security functions and access control • Routing, mobility management, location management, authentication, charging • Receiving and delivering data packets • Address translation and mapping • Encapsulation .
- 11. Architecture contd.. • The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) • acts as interface between GPRS backbone and external Packet Data Networks (PDN) or other Public Mobile Land Networks • converts GPRS packets coming from SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol (PDP) format (e.g. IP or X.25) • Participates into the mobility management. • Maintains the location information of the mobile stations that are using the data protocols provided by that GGSN. • Collects charging information for billing purpose.
- 12. HLR • Enhanced with GPRS subscription data and routing information. • Accessible from the SGSN via the Gr interface and from the GGSN via the Gc interface. MSC/VLR • Not needed for routing of GPRS data. • Needed for the co-operation between GPRS and the other GSM services. e.g., ▫ Paging for circuit-switched calls that can be performed more efficiently via the SGSN ▫ Combining GPRS and non-GPRS location updates • Receives location information from SGSN or sends paging requests to SGSN via the Gs interface.
- 13. Mobile Station • GPRS MS includes two components: ▫ MT (Mobile Terminal). Typically a handset used to access the radio interface. ▫ TE (Terminal Equipment). Typically a laptop or a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). • Could be one unit combing the functionalities of a MT and a TE.
- 14. GPRS Mobile types.. Class A: Simultaneous GPRS and conventional GSM operation Supports simultaneous circuit switched and GPRS data transfer Class B: Can be attached to both GPRS and conventional GSM services simultaneously Can listen circuit switched and GPRS pages (via GPRS) Supports either circuit switched calls or GPRS data transfer but not simultaneous communication Class C: Alternatively attached in GPRS or conventional GSM No simultaneous operation ‘GPRS only’ mobiles also possible (e.g. for telemetric applications
- 16. Benefits of GPRS Efficient GPRS mobile devices only use the GSM network when data is transferred. The GSM connection is not dedicated to each user, therefore it can be shared with many users resulting in efficient use of the network. Fast • GPRS gives speeds of up to 5 time faster than GSM. • Connection setup times are reduced Payment based on data usage Billing is not based on time, but on the amount of data actually transferred. Enables new service opportunities
- 17. Shortcomings.. • Limited Cell Capacity for All Users • Speeds Much Lower in Reality • Transit Delays • No Store and Forward
- 18. Applications of GPRS • Information services as text or graphics • m-commerce ▫ web shopping ▫ tickets for transport (eg trains) ▫ gaming ▫ Banking • Location Based Services • Corporate email, Internet email • LAN applications • Mobile Office • Web browsing • File transfer
- 19. Conclusion.. •GPRS is classified as a 2.5G (or 2G Plus) technology because it builds upon existing network infrastructure. •E- Commerce, Banking , Unified Messaging are the fields where GPRS is very much advantageous. •But the areas like limited cell capacity, lower speed, and other certain limitations are the areas where it needs to improve.
- 20. References • Schiller J, Mobile Communications, 2/e-Addison Weslay,2003. • Raj Kamal, Mobile Computing, Oxford University Press, 2007 • Asoke Talukder,Roopa Yavagal, Mobile Computing,McGrawhill,2006 • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service