The document discusses the different parts of speech in the English language including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. It provides examples for each part of speech and describes the basic sentence patterns consisting of a subject, verb, object, direct object, indirect object, complement, and adjunct. The document also discusses types of nouns and how to identify the key parts of a sentence.

1. Sentence Pattern
A group of words, which gives complete
sense is called a sentence.

2.  NOUN is a word used as the name of a person,
place, thing and animal.
Eg. Person- Amy, Place- Chennai,
Thing- Computer, Animal- Dog
 PRONOUN is a word used instead of a noun
Eg. I, We, You, He, She, It, They….
PARTS OF SPEECH

3.  VERB is a word used to express an action or states.
Eg. Come, read, speak, write, learn, am, is, was, etc.
 ADVERB is a word that describes or modifies a verb,
an adjective or another adverb.
Eg. Very, cleverly, quickly, never, often, etc.
The baby cried loudly
PARTS OF SPEECH

4.  ABJECTIVE is a word that describes or modifies a noun.
Eg. Clever, beautiful, honest, some, great, etc.
 PREPOSITION is a word placed before with noun or a pronoun
to show the relation of the noun or pronoun to something else.
Eg. In, of, at,on, by, for, from, out, to, etc.
PARTS OF SPEECH

5.  CONJUCTION is a word used to join words or sentences.
Eg: and, but, because, or, so, still, if, as, etc.
She got good marks because she studied
hard.
 INTERJECTION is a word which expresses some sudden
feeling.
Eg. Wow, oh, hello, ah, bravo, etc.
PARTS OF SPEECH

6.  PROPER NOUN is the name of the particular person or
place.
Eg: Hari, Akbar, Stephen, etc.
 COMMON NOUN is a name given in common to every
person or thing of the same class or kind.
Eg: boy, girl, woman, tree, animal, school, student, teacher,
etc.
 COLLECTIVE NOUN is the name of a number of
persons or things taken together.
Eg: Police, army, crowd, family, etc.
TYPES OF NOUNS

7.  ABSTRACT NOUN is usually the name of a quality,
action or state.
Eg: Quality – kindness, honesty; Action – laughter, hatred;
state – youth.
 MATERIAL NOUN is the name of a raw material of a
product.
Eg: gold, silver, fiber, diamond, wood, day, cotton.
TYPES OF NOUNS

8.  Subject (S)
 Verb (V)
 Object (O)
 Direct Object (DO)
 Indirect Object (IO)
 Complement (C)
 Adjunct (A)
BASIC PARTS OF A SENTENCE

9.  SV - Child laughs.
 SVO - I play hockey.
 SVC - He is smart.
 SVOC - I painted the car blue.
 SVIODO - My father presented me a watch.
 SVDOIO - She gave money to the poor.
The basic Sentence patterns are given
below:

10. To get ‘Subject’ ask the question
‘Who?’ before the verb.
It consists of Nouns or pronouns
and occurs before a verb.
SUBJECT (S)

11. Example:
Nancy danced well. Who danced
well? (Here “Nancy” answers for the
who?)
The child broke the glass. (Here “The
child” answers the question who?)
SUBJECT (S)

12. A verb shows an action or activity or
work done by the subject. It also tells
the status.
To get ‘verb’ ask what does the subject
do?
VERB (V)

13. Example:
Jems wrote a letter. What did Jems
do? (Here wrote answers the
question)
He is a doctor.
The baby is crying.
VERB (V)

14. To get the Object, ask the question
‘What?’ or ‘Whom?’.
‘What’ is for things and ‘Whom’ is for
persons. Persons may be nouns or
pronouns.
OBJECT (O)

15. Example:
 He bought a pen. He handles the
computer. I saw him.
 She ate cake.
 I fried the eggs.
 Raj played cricket.
OBJECT (O)

16. Direct object answers the question
‘what’.
Example:
I like animals.
DIRECT OBJECT (DO)

17. Indirect object answers the
question ‘whom’?
Example:
I gave Rosy a pen.
INDIRECT OBJECT (IO)

18. The words, required to complete the meaning
of a sentence are Called Complement.
Example:
 He is a dentist.
 You look beautiful.
 It grew dark.
COMPLEMENT (C)

19. Object complement answers for the questions
“How” asked on the object.
Example:
 He painted the car blue. How did
he painted the car? Here the word blue
answers for the question “How” asked
on the object car.
 We call Kamarajar Karmaveerar.
 They selected her leader.
COMPLEMENT (C)

20. To get ‘Adjunct’ ask the question where ,how,
when or why.
Example:
 My father is a farmer in thiruvarur.
Where? (Place), How? (Manner), When? (Time),
Why? (Reason). Here, there by bus / cycle now,
later due to cold
ADJUNCT(A)

21. Example:
 They ate heartily.
 We left at noon.
 We left the house early.
 She ate the steak almost raw.
ADJUNCT(A)

22. 1) The wall collapsed.
A)SV B) SVO C) SVIODO
2) During the war, many people lost their homes.
A)SVO B) SVIODO C) ASVO
3) I promised the children a trip to the zoo.
A)SVO B) SVDOIO C) SVIODO
4) In 1998, Frank moved to London.
A)ASVA B) ASVO C) SVIODO
5) Pooja hired a bicycle.
A)SV B) SVO C) SVA
Choose the right pattern

23. 1) B) SVO
2) C) ASVO
3) C) SVIODO
4) A)ASVA
5) B) SVO
ANSWERS