This document summarizes research on micropropagation of the ornamental plant Cestrum nocturnum through tissue culture. Shoot tip explants from C. nocturnum were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with various concentrations of plant growth regulators. The highest number of shoots formed with benzyladenine at 1.5 mg/L. Microshoots were rooted successfully using indole-3-butyric acid and indole-3-acetic acid. Over 90% of plantlets survived after hardening and acclimatization. The protocol supports mass propagation of C. nocturnum for horticultural and industrial uses.
Effect of environmental pollution on the quality of an edible plant Alternant...Premier Publishers
The present study is the comparative analysis of phytochemical constituents and microbial load of an edible plant Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb collected from unpolluted and polluted site. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed with acetone, aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and petroleum ether extracts (unpolluted and polluted site) of A philoxeroides that showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, aminoacids, diterpenes, tannin, terpenoids, protein, steroid, oxalate, coumarin and quinones. The ethanol extract showed higher number of phytochemical constituents when compared to the other extract of unpolluted site. The microbial load is also enumerated in the unpolluted and polluted site. In conclusion, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many phytoconstituents in ethanol extract and the microbial load is less in the unpolluted site when compared to the polluted site.
This document discusses plant tissue culture, including its definition, history, advantages, disadvantages, and procedures. Some key points:
- Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile nutrient medium under controlled conditions. It allows for the production of metabolites and regeneration of whole plants.
- The history of plant tissue culture dates back to the 19th century with early work on cell theory. Significant developments occurred throughout the 20th century, including the discovery of plant growth hormones and establishment of callus culture.
- Advantages include availability of raw materials, disease-free propagation, biosynthetic pathway studies, while disadvantages include requiring expertise, instability, and slow growth.
- Proced
Twice repeated experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions to investigate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. shoot (stem + branch) and leaf, at 0, 5, 10 and 15 g L-1 (w/v) concentrations on maize (Zea mays L.) seed germination, seedling growth (shoot and root length) and biomass production. The treatments were laid out in completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement in four replications. Result indicated that the highest germination percentage (98.75%) was recorded from control whereas the lowest (43.75 %) was from stem extract at15 g L-1 concentration level. Similar trend was also observed by leaf extract. Root and shoot length of maize crop was reduced by 91.4 % and 70.8% by 85.6 and 35.8% leaf extracts and stem extracts respectively hence the roots were more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoot. Extract of both leaf and stem at 15 g L-1 strongly reduced fresh and dry biomass of the maize seedling. The highest (100,100 %) tolerance index was recorded from control whereas, the lowest (8.62, 14.74%) was recorded from leaf and stem extract at 15 g L-1 concentration level respectively. Leaf aqueous extract showed more phytotoxic effect (91.37 %) than stem extracts (85.25) at 15 g L-1 whereas was the minimum recorded in control (0.0%). 15 g L-1 minimum value of vigor index (200, 539.2) and higher inhibition potentials (62.5 and 55.78%) were recorded from leaf and stem respectively. therefore allelopathic effect by the parthenium extracts is concentration-dependent manner. Leaf extract had shown highest inhibition potential followed by the stem.
Natural pesticides derived from plants are one of the best alternative approaches for the management of nematodes, as excessive use of chemicals eradicate beneficial organisms in the soil and disturb ecological equilibrium and ultimately cause environmental degradation. Six different weed plants viz., Achyranthes aspera L., Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. & JC wendl. Amaranthus spinosus L., Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f., Cassia tora L., Oxalis stricta L. were collected from in and around the campus of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The nematode eggs and juveniles were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 h in different concentrations (S, S /2, S /10, S /100, S is the standard concentration and S/2, S/10, S/100 is the dilution of Standard solution) of weeds extracts. The plant extract of weeds S. xanthocarpum and A. aspera exhibited highly promising mortality (86-100%) after 72 h exposure period respectively, while the plant extract of O. stricta and C. tora exhibited minimum promising mortality (48-52%) after 24 h of exposure period respectively. There was a gradual decrease in egg hatching with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts of weeds. A. aspera, S. xanthocarpum and A. spinosus were found to be most effective in reducing egghatching and increase in mortality of second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Efficacy of treatments improved with increase in their concentration and exposure period. Hatching of larvae and juvenile mortality were strongly influenced by concentration of plants extract.
Economization of Datura Plant Using Planttissue Cultureiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Insecticidal Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Lophira Alata Ekki Against Cowp...ijtsrd
Methanolic extract of Lophira alata was evaluated for its efficacy as contact and fumigant insecticides on cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at ambient tropical conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The plant powder tested was applied at rates 0.0 control , 2.0 g and 3.0 g 20 g of cowpea seeds either directly for contact with the insect pest or in plastic containers to assess its fumigant toxicity. Results of contact toxicity assay showed that powders of L. alata was effective against the adult C. maculatus causing 90 mortality 4.00 ± 0.57 within 2 days of application at 3.0 g 20 g of cowpea seeds as compared with 90 mortality 5.38 ± 0.50 recorded on day 4 of 2.0 g concentration application. The results of fumigant assays showed that L. alata had the highest insecticidal activity causing 95 mortality of C. maculatus within 4 days of application at rate 3.0 g 20g of cowpea seeds in contrast to 80 mortality recorded in 96 hrs of 2.0g concentration application. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, tannis, flavonoids and terpenoids while reducing sugar was absent. This study showed that the tested plant product is toxic to cowpea bruchid and the powders can be mixed with cowpea seeds to prevent hatching of the eggs thereby helping in their management. Ifelolu A. Remi-Esan | Olusola O. Bankole "Insecticidal Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Lophira Alata (Ekki) Against Cowpea Bruchid (Callosobruchus Maculatus)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31207.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/31207/insecticidal-activity-of-stem-bark-extract-of-lophira-alata-ekki-against-cowpea-bruchid-callosobruchus-maculatus/ifelolu-a-remiesan
Primary metabolites, Fibers, Teratogens, Marine organismMegha Shah
This document provides information about different types of fibers including natural fibers like cotton, jute, hemp and hallucinogens. It defines fibers and discusses their classification into natural and man-made fibers. For each fiber, it describes the biological source, geographical source, production/preparation, physical properties, chemical constituents and uses. It also provides differences between natural and synthetic fibers, plant and animal fibers and discusses chemical tests to identify different fibers. The document classifies hallucinogens into psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants based on their mechanism of action in the brain.
The document describes micropropagation, a method of plant tissue culture used to rapidly produce new plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Micropropagation involves taking small explants from plants and growing them in sterile culture media in controlled conditions. Key advantages include producing many new plants from a small explant sample, in a short time period, with consistent characteristics. Common plant types propagated through micropropagation include fruits, ornamentals, vegetables, and crops. The document also discusses various factors that affect micropropagation success, including explant type and condition, culture media formulation, temperature, light, and plant growth hormones.
Effect of environmental pollution on the quality of an edible plant Alternant...Premier Publishers
The present study is the comparative analysis of phytochemical constituents and microbial load of an edible plant Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb collected from unpolluted and polluted site. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed with acetone, aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and petroleum ether extracts (unpolluted and polluted site) of A philoxeroides that showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, aminoacids, diterpenes, tannin, terpenoids, protein, steroid, oxalate, coumarin and quinones. The ethanol extract showed higher number of phytochemical constituents when compared to the other extract of unpolluted site. The microbial load is also enumerated in the unpolluted and polluted site. In conclusion, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of many phytoconstituents in ethanol extract and the microbial load is less in the unpolluted site when compared to the polluted site.
This document discusses plant tissue culture, including its definition, history, advantages, disadvantages, and procedures. Some key points:
- Plant tissue culture involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile nutrient medium under controlled conditions. It allows for the production of metabolites and regeneration of whole plants.
- The history of plant tissue culture dates back to the 19th century with early work on cell theory. Significant developments occurred throughout the 20th century, including the discovery of plant growth hormones and establishment of callus culture.
- Advantages include availability of raw materials, disease-free propagation, biosynthetic pathway studies, while disadvantages include requiring expertise, instability, and slow growth.
- Proced
Twice repeated experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions to investigate the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Parthenium hysterophorus L. shoot (stem + branch) and leaf, at 0, 5, 10 and 15 g L-1 (w/v) concentrations on maize (Zea mays L.) seed germination, seedling growth (shoot and root length) and biomass production. The treatments were laid out in completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement in four replications. Result indicated that the highest germination percentage (98.75%) was recorded from control whereas the lowest (43.75 %) was from stem extract at15 g L-1 concentration level. Similar trend was also observed by leaf extract. Root and shoot length of maize crop was reduced by 91.4 % and 70.8% by 85.6 and 35.8% leaf extracts and stem extracts respectively hence the roots were more sensitive to allelopathic effect than shoot. Extract of both leaf and stem at 15 g L-1 strongly reduced fresh and dry biomass of the maize seedling. The highest (100,100 %) tolerance index was recorded from control whereas, the lowest (8.62, 14.74%) was recorded from leaf and stem extract at 15 g L-1 concentration level respectively. Leaf aqueous extract showed more phytotoxic effect (91.37 %) than stem extracts (85.25) at 15 g L-1 whereas was the minimum recorded in control (0.0%). 15 g L-1 minimum value of vigor index (200, 539.2) and higher inhibition potentials (62.5 and 55.78%) were recorded from leaf and stem respectively. therefore allelopathic effect by the parthenium extracts is concentration-dependent manner. Leaf extract had shown highest inhibition potential followed by the stem.
Natural pesticides derived from plants are one of the best alternative approaches for the management of nematodes, as excessive use of chemicals eradicate beneficial organisms in the soil and disturb ecological equilibrium and ultimately cause environmental degradation. Six different weed plants viz., Achyranthes aspera L., Solanum xanthocarpum Schard. & JC wendl. Amaranthus spinosus L., Ranunculus pensylvanicus L.f., Cassia tora L., Oxalis stricta L. were collected from in and around the campus of the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. The nematode eggs and juveniles were exposed at 24, 48 and 72 h in different concentrations (S, S /2, S /10, S /100, S is the standard concentration and S/2, S/10, S/100 is the dilution of Standard solution) of weeds extracts. The plant extract of weeds S. xanthocarpum and A. aspera exhibited highly promising mortality (86-100%) after 72 h exposure period respectively, while the plant extract of O. stricta and C. tora exhibited minimum promising mortality (48-52%) after 24 h of exposure period respectively. There was a gradual decrease in egg hatching with an increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts of weeds. A. aspera, S. xanthocarpum and A. spinosus were found to be most effective in reducing egghatching and increase in mortality of second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Efficacy of treatments improved with increase in their concentration and exposure period. Hatching of larvae and juvenile mortality were strongly influenced by concentration of plants extract.
Economization of Datura Plant Using Planttissue Cultureiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Insecticidal Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Lophira Alata Ekki Against Cowp...ijtsrd
Methanolic extract of Lophira alata was evaluated for its efficacy as contact and fumigant insecticides on cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at ambient tropical conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The plant powder tested was applied at rates 0.0 control , 2.0 g and 3.0 g 20 g of cowpea seeds either directly for contact with the insect pest or in plastic containers to assess its fumigant toxicity. Results of contact toxicity assay showed that powders of L. alata was effective against the adult C. maculatus causing 90 mortality 4.00 ± 0.57 within 2 days of application at 3.0 g 20 g of cowpea seeds as compared with 90 mortality 5.38 ± 0.50 recorded on day 4 of 2.0 g concentration application. The results of fumigant assays showed that L. alata had the highest insecticidal activity causing 95 mortality of C. maculatus within 4 days of application at rate 3.0 g 20g of cowpea seeds in contrast to 80 mortality recorded in 96 hrs of 2.0g concentration application. The phytochemical screening of the plant revealed alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, tannis, flavonoids and terpenoids while reducing sugar was absent. This study showed that the tested plant product is toxic to cowpea bruchid and the powders can be mixed with cowpea seeds to prevent hatching of the eggs thereby helping in their management. Ifelolu A. Remi-Esan | Olusola O. Bankole "Insecticidal Activity of Stem Bark Extract of Lophira Alata (Ekki) Against Cowpea Bruchid (Callosobruchus Maculatus)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31207.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/other/31207/insecticidal-activity-of-stem-bark-extract-of-lophira-alata-ekki-against-cowpea-bruchid-callosobruchus-maculatus/ifelolu-a-remiesan
Primary metabolites, Fibers, Teratogens, Marine organismMegha Shah
This document provides information about different types of fibers including natural fibers like cotton, jute, hemp and hallucinogens. It defines fibers and discusses their classification into natural and man-made fibers. For each fiber, it describes the biological source, geographical source, production/preparation, physical properties, chemical constituents and uses. It also provides differences between natural and synthetic fibers, plant and animal fibers and discusses chemical tests to identify different fibers. The document classifies hallucinogens into psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants based on their mechanism of action in the brain.
The document describes micropropagation, a method of plant tissue culture used to rapidly produce new plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Micropropagation involves taking small explants from plants and growing them in sterile culture media in controlled conditions. Key advantages include producing many new plants from a small explant sample, in a short time period, with consistent characteristics. Common plant types propagated through micropropagation include fruits, ornamentals, vegetables, and crops. The document also discusses various factors that affect micropropagation success, including explant type and condition, culture media formulation, temperature, light, and plant growth hormones.
This document summarizes a study on the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis L. on the seed germination of Steria italica, Pennisetum americanum, and Lactuca sativa. Seeds were treated with aqueous extracts of dried and crushed L. inermis leaves at concentrations of 0.5g, 1.0g, and 1.5g that were soaked for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The extracts showed inhibition of germination percentage and seedling growth in terms of radical and plumule length and fresh and dry weight compared to the control in all three test species, with inhibition increasing at higher extract concentrations and longer soaking
Standardization of punica granatum explant and callus induction through micro...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and variety name ‘Bhagwa’ is an ancient, important fruit crop in India and in subtropical countries of the world as it possess various pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. This is subjected to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv causing a huge loss of about 50-100% in production. In order to develop a disease resistant pomegranate variety, micro propagation is necessary. The different explants such as leaves, nodes, apical shoot and petals were selected. The explants were passed through surface sterilization process and found that the mortality rate was least with the apical shoots as explants when compared to other explants. Callus Initiation was done with several treatments and the percentage of callus growth was identified using one way ANOVA by which variance was tested using Fischer’s F test and LS (Least Squares) means by Duncan’s multiple range test which proved that the LS means was higher for all the explants those undergone MS + Sucrose (30g/l) + Adenine sulfate – 40mg/l + 6BAP – 5 mg/l treatment, specifically apical shoot explants showed 92% callus growth than other explants. The elimination of polyphenol exudation was successful with silver nitrate of 5 mg/l which eradicated the browning of the tissues and paved way for the regeneration of the shoots. Key Words: Bhagwa, Micropropagation, Apical shoots, Callus induction, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Polyphenol exudation
This document summarizes a study on the insecticidal properties of extracts from different parts of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) against Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous pest. Hexane extracts of whole periwinkle seeds were the most effective at reducing pupal survival, weight, and length of H. armigera, as well as adult emergence. Fractionation of the seed extract yielded a fraction containing fatty acids that showed high larval mortality. Gas chromatography identified oleic, linoleic, palmitic and margaric acids as major constituents, suggesting fatty acids contribute to the insecticidal activity.
Micro-Propagation of Aloe indica L. Through Shoot Tip CultureIOSR Journals
1. Shoot tips of Aloe indica were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins and auxins to induce shoot proliferation. The highest proliferation of 7.8 shoots per explant was achieved on medium containing 2 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA.
2. Rooting was highest (5.2 roots per explant) on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA. Activated charcoal was added to the medium to prevent browning.
3. The most effective shooting and rooting media were identified as MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L NAA,
1. Tinospora cordifolia is a climbing shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various diseases. It contains many bioactive compounds like alkaloids, diterpenoids, glycosides, etc.
2. The objectives of the study are to collect and standardize T. cordifolia plants from South India, analyze secondary metabolite content through HPLC, and evaluate hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.
3. Micropropagation of T. cordifolia involves selection of healthy explants, surface sterilization, culture in MS medium with growth hormones, shoot proliferation, and rooting of microshoots.
Effect of Nitrobenzene granules and Seaweed extracts on biochemical contents ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of organic extracts (benzene, diethyl ether and water) of seaweeds (Halimeda gracilis, Ceramium rubrum and Cystophyllum muricatum) and nitrobenzene granuleson biochemical contents of Arachishypogea L. callusunder in vitro conditions. The callus of Arachishypogea L. was obtained from the leaf explants on MS medium containing 2, 4-D (1 mgL-1) and BAP (0.5 mg L-1). The mass multiplication of callus was achieved at 1mg L-1 of 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 of GA3. The calli were then treated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1) of seaweed extracts and Nitrobenzene granules. Total carbohydrate, total protein and total chlorophyll contents were analyzed at 5, 10 and 15 days intervals. The total carbohydrate content was high (3.7mg/100mg) in callus treated with Benzene extract of Ceramium rubrumat 1.5 mg L-1 on 15th day. The total protein content was increased (6.9mg/100 mg) in callus treated with Benzene extract of Cystophyllum muricatum at 0.5 mg L-1 on 5th day and the total chlorophyll content was lower (0.36mg/100mg) in Nitrobenzene granules at 0.5mg L-1 in 5th day when compare to control. The present study reveals the positive role of different extracts of seaweeds on increasing the biochemical contents of callus culture of A.hypogea. The extracts can be further evaluated for their role on enhanced regeneration of plants from callus culture.
This document provides information about plant tissue culture. It begins with definitions of plant tissue culture and its goals of producing metabolites or regenerating plants. It then discusses the historical development and different types of cultures, including static callus culture, suspension culture, and organ culture focusing on roots, shoots, leaves and flowers. The document emphasizes that plant tissue culture involves cultivating excised plant tissues in a defined nutrient medium under sterile conditions to produce substances or regenerate plants.
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity and powder microscopy of the flowers of Tabernaemontana divaricata. The study found that the methanolic extract of the flowers showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but not against other tested bacterial strains. Powder microscopy of the dried flowers revealed structures like spirally thickened xylem vessels, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, trichomes, small starch grains and pollen grains. The results suggest that the methanolic extract possesses antibacterial compounds and powder microscopy can be used for taxonomic identification of the plant species.
This document summarizes recent research on sugarcane tissue culture. It discusses that sugarcane is an important crop grown for sugar and ethanol production. Tissue culture techniques like micropropagation through shoot tip culture and callus culture are used for rapid multiplication of sugarcane varieties. The document provides details of explants used, sterilization processes, growth media, and hormones found most effective for callus induction and shooting. It also discusses using tissue culture for somaclonal variation to develop salt tolerant varieties and mentions challenges in obtaining genetically stable plants.
The study investigated the allelopathic potential of Forskeolea tenacissema, a herbaceous plant found in dry habitats. Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, litter, and mulch from the plant significantly reduced seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass of test plants wheat and mustard. Extracts from leaves had a stronger inhibitory effect than stems. Longer soaking durations and higher concentrations produced greater inhibition. Hot water extracts also significantly reduced germination and growth. However, rhizosphere soil and soil extracts stimulated the test species. The results suggest that extracts from the plant could be developed as natural herbicides for weed control.
This document discusses plant tissue culture, including the types, steps involved, and procedures. It describes the different types of plant tissue culture such as seed culture, embryo culture, and anther culture. The key steps are initiation, multiplication, root formation, shoot formation, and acclimatization. The procedures covered are sterilization of materials, preparation and sterilization of explants, production and proliferation of callus, subculturing, and suspension culture. The document provides details on the composition of culture media and the roles of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, nitrogen supplements, carbon sources, growth regulators, and solidifying agents.
Carbohydrate changes during dormancy release in floral, vegetative buds and b...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This study investigated the effects of dormancy-breaking agents hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and thiourea on budbreak and carbohydrate metabolism in pear cultivar 'Wonhwang'. Cuttings were treated with 3% HC, 3% thiourea, or water (control) after receiving partial chilling. Treated cuttings had earlier floral and vegetative budbreak compared to controls. HC treatment resulted in the earliest budbreak. Carbohydrate analysis found HC and thiourea application caused an initial increase in soluble sugars and decrease in starch in buds and bark tissues, followed by a decline in sugars as budbreak began. This suggests differences in the timing of soluble sugar metabolism between treatments may underlie differences in budbreak timing
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Se...IJEABJ
Seriphidium herba-album (syn. Artemisia herba-alba) is a medicinal, aromatic, greenish-silver herb. It is used widely in folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea, abdominal cramps and in the healing of external wounds. It's also used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and jaundice. In this study we assessed the protocol for callus induction, maturation of somatic embryogenesis, frequency of germination and conversion into plantlets for leaf explants of Seriphidium herba-album using different concentrations of PGRs. Highest induction frequencies of embryogenic calli occurred after 35 days on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. Optimum MS medium for higher frequency of matured somatic embryos was recorded using 5.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and somatic embryos also induced young in vitro grown plantlets when cultured in the medium containing GA3 and kinetin. Hence, attempts to induce direct somatic embryogenesis have been achieved up to embryo regeneration and maturation.
I am working as a assistant professor at college of agriculture parul university at vadodra I have completed M.sc (agri) in genetics and plant breeding at navsari agriculture university
In vitro Preservation of Germplasm SMGsajigeorge64
This document discusses various methods for in vitro preservation of germplasm, including cryopreservation, slow growth cultures, DNA clones, and desiccated somatic embryos. Cryopreservation involves freezing plant materials like shoot tips or cell cultures in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. It requires preculturing materials in cryoprotectants and slow cooling to prevent ice crystal formation. Slow growth cultures provide long-term storage at reduced temperatures or osmoticum concentrations with minimal subculturing. DNA clones allow conservation of genes by cloning DNA segments in vectors, while desiccated somatic embryos can be dried and stored at low temperatures like seeds. These methods help preserve crop diversity and valuable genes.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Excoecaria Agallocha Lijtsrd
Excoecaria agallocha L. is an important medicinal plant inhabited in mangrove regions. Early researches focused on antimicrobial activity of leaves of concerned plant with various solvents among which ethanol, chloroform and methanol were Used. Ella. Sai Kumar "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Excoecaria Agallocha L" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30276.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/30276/evaluation-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-excoecaria-agallocha-l/ella-sai-kumar
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
Abstract
In recent times, there is an extensive interest in these Alcoholic extracts due to the emergence and spread of new drugresistant human pathogens to existing antimicrobials. The emergence of medicine opposing pathogens is one of the mostcritical threats to booming treatment of bacterial diseases. Mode of action of Methanolic extracts likely involves fairly a lotof targets in the cell due to huge number of active components and also their hydroplillicity helps them to screen in the cellmembrane, rendering them permeable , leading to leakage of cell contents. This calls for a transformed effort to identifyagents efficient against disease causing bacteria to present antimicrobials. Seed extracts of two different plants viz. Phoenixdactylifera and Annona squamosa, were prepared by methanol extraction method at the ratio of 1:2 using 100ml volume of methanol and stock concentration of 50mg/ml in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of each extract was made.The extracts and fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity against standard microbial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (gramnegative), Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Escherichia.coli (gram-negative), Salmonella typhi (gram-negative) , Enterococcus faecalis (grampositive), Pseudomon aerugenosa (gram-negative),and Salmonella paratyphi (gram-negative)by means of Agar-Disc Diffusion Method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was noted .. The test culture of standard microbial cultures was 3 X 105 CFU/ml, and standard antibiotic used is Ampicillin with clavulanic acid. In this context, two extract from traditional plants, Custard Apple (Annona squamosa) and Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) were used alone or in combination to assess their antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial clinical isolates .Antimicrobial test was completed by agar disc diffusion method. Although, both extract were found to be effective in inhibiting pathogens to varying degrees to the tested organisms, the Annona squamosa extract is found to be more effective than Phoenix dactylifera.When both extracts were used in combination, they have shown strong synergistic effect against all the pathogens tested in the present studyexcept for the P.aerugenosa and S. Para typhi. Bactericidal abilities displayed by the seed extracts signified their remarkable potential for exploration for effective natural antimicrobial agents against standard pathogenic bacteria. The extracts have shown the synergistic effects even at their MIC against E.fecalis, indicating that with further researches these extracts can be used for treating enteric diseases.
Banana is the fourth largest produced food crop of the world and its demand is increasing day by day. It is available throw out the year and its cost is very less in comparison to other fruits. With the development in science new tissue culture protocols are standardized for mass propagation of Musa (Banana) on the basis of effects of plant growth regulators. BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine), KN (Kinetin) are most widely used cytokinins for shoot proliferation and IAA (Indole -3-acetic acid), NAA (Naphathalene acetic acid) are widely used auxins for root induction.
1. Tissue culture can be used to multiply and conserve medicinal and ornamental plants that are difficult to reproduce through conventional methods. It allows for mass production of valuable plants.
2. The document discusses tissue culture techniques for Boston fern and two medicinal plants - peganum harmala and aegle marmelos. For Boston fern, sterile runner tips are cultured on nutrient media to produce new leaves and roots. Tissue culture of aegle marmelos can be done through micropropagation, organogenic callus culture, or culturing nodal explants.
3. Micropropagation of aegle marmelos involves culturing nodal explants on media supplemented with cytokinins,
This document summarizes a study on the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis L. on the seed germination of Steria italica, Pennisetum americanum, and Lactuca sativa. Seeds were treated with aqueous extracts of dried and crushed L. inermis leaves at concentrations of 0.5g, 1.0g, and 1.5g that were soaked for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The extracts showed inhibition of germination percentage and seedling growth in terms of radical and plumule length and fresh and dry weight compared to the control in all three test species, with inhibition increasing at higher extract concentrations and longer soaking
Standardization of punica granatum explant and callus induction through micro...eSAT Journals
Abstract Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and variety name ‘Bhagwa’ is an ancient, important fruit crop in India and in subtropical countries of the world as it possess various pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. This is subjected to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv causing a huge loss of about 50-100% in production. In order to develop a disease resistant pomegranate variety, micro propagation is necessary. The different explants such as leaves, nodes, apical shoot and petals were selected. The explants were passed through surface sterilization process and found that the mortality rate was least with the apical shoots as explants when compared to other explants. Callus Initiation was done with several treatments and the percentage of callus growth was identified using one way ANOVA by which variance was tested using Fischer’s F test and LS (Least Squares) means by Duncan’s multiple range test which proved that the LS means was higher for all the explants those undergone MS + Sucrose (30g/l) + Adenine sulfate – 40mg/l + 6BAP – 5 mg/l treatment, specifically apical shoot explants showed 92% callus growth than other explants. The elimination of polyphenol exudation was successful with silver nitrate of 5 mg/l which eradicated the browning of the tissues and paved way for the regeneration of the shoots. Key Words: Bhagwa, Micropropagation, Apical shoots, Callus induction, ANOVA, Duncan’s test, Polyphenol exudation
This document summarizes a study on the insecticidal properties of extracts from different parts of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) against Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous pest. Hexane extracts of whole periwinkle seeds were the most effective at reducing pupal survival, weight, and length of H. armigera, as well as adult emergence. Fractionation of the seed extract yielded a fraction containing fatty acids that showed high larval mortality. Gas chromatography identified oleic, linoleic, palmitic and margaric acids as major constituents, suggesting fatty acids contribute to the insecticidal activity.
Micro-Propagation of Aloe indica L. Through Shoot Tip CultureIOSR Journals
1. Shoot tips of Aloe indica were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of cytokinins and auxins to induce shoot proliferation. The highest proliferation of 7.8 shoots per explant was achieved on medium containing 2 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA.
2. Rooting was highest (5.2 roots per explant) on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA. Activated charcoal was added to the medium to prevent browning.
3. The most effective shooting and rooting media were identified as MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L NAA,
1. Tinospora cordifolia is a climbing shrub used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various diseases. It contains many bioactive compounds like alkaloids, diterpenoids, glycosides, etc.
2. The objectives of the study are to collect and standardize T. cordifolia plants from South India, analyze secondary metabolite content through HPLC, and evaluate hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.
3. Micropropagation of T. cordifolia involves selection of healthy explants, surface sterilization, culture in MS medium with growth hormones, shoot proliferation, and rooting of microshoots.
Effect of Nitrobenzene granules and Seaweed extracts on biochemical contents ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of organic extracts (benzene, diethyl ether and water) of seaweeds (Halimeda gracilis, Ceramium rubrum and Cystophyllum muricatum) and nitrobenzene granuleson biochemical contents of Arachishypogea L. callusunder in vitro conditions. The callus of Arachishypogea L. was obtained from the leaf explants on MS medium containing 2, 4-D (1 mgL-1) and BAP (0.5 mg L-1). The mass multiplication of callus was achieved at 1mg L-1 of 2, 4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 of GA3. The calli were then treated with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1) of seaweed extracts and Nitrobenzene granules. Total carbohydrate, total protein and total chlorophyll contents were analyzed at 5, 10 and 15 days intervals. The total carbohydrate content was high (3.7mg/100mg) in callus treated with Benzene extract of Ceramium rubrumat 1.5 mg L-1 on 15th day. The total protein content was increased (6.9mg/100 mg) in callus treated with Benzene extract of Cystophyllum muricatum at 0.5 mg L-1 on 5th day and the total chlorophyll content was lower (0.36mg/100mg) in Nitrobenzene granules at 0.5mg L-1 in 5th day when compare to control. The present study reveals the positive role of different extracts of seaweeds on increasing the biochemical contents of callus culture of A.hypogea. The extracts can be further evaluated for their role on enhanced regeneration of plants from callus culture.
This document provides information about plant tissue culture. It begins with definitions of plant tissue culture and its goals of producing metabolites or regenerating plants. It then discusses the historical development and different types of cultures, including static callus culture, suspension culture, and organ culture focusing on roots, shoots, leaves and flowers. The document emphasizes that plant tissue culture involves cultivating excised plant tissues in a defined nutrient medium under sterile conditions to produce substances or regenerate plants.
This document summarizes a study on the antimicrobial activity and powder microscopy of the flowers of Tabernaemontana divaricata. The study found that the methanolic extract of the flowers showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but not against other tested bacterial strains. Powder microscopy of the dried flowers revealed structures like spirally thickened xylem vessels, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, trichomes, small starch grains and pollen grains. The results suggest that the methanolic extract possesses antibacterial compounds and powder microscopy can be used for taxonomic identification of the plant species.
This document summarizes recent research on sugarcane tissue culture. It discusses that sugarcane is an important crop grown for sugar and ethanol production. Tissue culture techniques like micropropagation through shoot tip culture and callus culture are used for rapid multiplication of sugarcane varieties. The document provides details of explants used, sterilization processes, growth media, and hormones found most effective for callus induction and shooting. It also discusses using tissue culture for somaclonal variation to develop salt tolerant varieties and mentions challenges in obtaining genetically stable plants.
The study investigated the allelopathic potential of Forskeolea tenacissema, a herbaceous plant found in dry habitats. Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, litter, and mulch from the plant significantly reduced seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass of test plants wheat and mustard. Extracts from leaves had a stronger inhibitory effect than stems. Longer soaking durations and higher concentrations produced greater inhibition. Hot water extracts also significantly reduced germination and growth. However, rhizosphere soil and soil extracts stimulated the test species. The results suggest that extracts from the plant could be developed as natural herbicides for weed control.
This document discusses plant tissue culture, including the types, steps involved, and procedures. It describes the different types of plant tissue culture such as seed culture, embryo culture, and anther culture. The key steps are initiation, multiplication, root formation, shoot formation, and acclimatization. The procedures covered are sterilization of materials, preparation and sterilization of explants, production and proliferation of callus, subculturing, and suspension culture. The document provides details on the composition of culture media and the roles of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, nitrogen supplements, carbon sources, growth regulators, and solidifying agents.
Carbohydrate changes during dormancy release in floral, vegetative buds and b...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This study investigated the effects of dormancy-breaking agents hydrogen cyanamide (HC) and thiourea on budbreak and carbohydrate metabolism in pear cultivar 'Wonhwang'. Cuttings were treated with 3% HC, 3% thiourea, or water (control) after receiving partial chilling. Treated cuttings had earlier floral and vegetative budbreak compared to controls. HC treatment resulted in the earliest budbreak. Carbohydrate analysis found HC and thiourea application caused an initial increase in soluble sugars and decrease in starch in buds and bark tissues, followed by a decline in sugars as budbreak began. This suggests differences in the timing of soluble sugar metabolism between treatments may underlie differences in budbreak timing
Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Se...IJEABJ
Seriphidium herba-album (syn. Artemisia herba-alba) is a medicinal, aromatic, greenish-silver herb. It is used widely in folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea, abdominal cramps and in the healing of external wounds. It's also used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, neurological disorders as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and jaundice. In this study we assessed the protocol for callus induction, maturation of somatic embryogenesis, frequency of germination and conversion into plantlets for leaf explants of Seriphidium herba-album using different concentrations of PGRs. Highest induction frequencies of embryogenic calli occurred after 35 days on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 BAP. Optimum MS medium for higher frequency of matured somatic embryos was recorded using 5.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 NAA and somatic embryos also induced young in vitro grown plantlets when cultured in the medium containing GA3 and kinetin. Hence, attempts to induce direct somatic embryogenesis have been achieved up to embryo regeneration and maturation.
I am working as a assistant professor at college of agriculture parul university at vadodra I have completed M.sc (agri) in genetics and plant breeding at navsari agriculture university
In vitro Preservation of Germplasm SMGsajigeorge64
This document discusses various methods for in vitro preservation of germplasm, including cryopreservation, slow growth cultures, DNA clones, and desiccated somatic embryos. Cryopreservation involves freezing plant materials like shoot tips or cell cultures in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. It requires preculturing materials in cryoprotectants and slow cooling to prevent ice crystal formation. Slow growth cultures provide long-term storage at reduced temperatures or osmoticum concentrations with minimal subculturing. DNA clones allow conservation of genes by cloning DNA segments in vectors, while desiccated somatic embryos can be dried and stored at low temperatures like seeds. These methods help preserve crop diversity and valuable genes.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Excoecaria Agallocha Lijtsrd
Excoecaria agallocha L. is an important medicinal plant inhabited in mangrove regions. Early researches focused on antimicrobial activity of leaves of concerned plant with various solvents among which ethanol, chloroform and methanol were Used. Ella. Sai Kumar "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Excoecaria Agallocha L" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30276.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/30276/evaluation-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-excoecaria-agallocha-l/ella-sai-kumar
Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration in Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) M...IOSR Journals
An efficient protocol was devised for rapid callus induction and plantlet regeneration from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus. For callus induction, auxins such as 2, 4-D, IAA, NAA alone and in combination with cytokinin BAP were used. The most effective medium for callus induction and shoot regeneration was M S medium fortified with 8mg/l BAP and 2mg/l NAA, on which multiple shoots were obtained after 15 days of callus induction. All the in vitro raised shoots with length of 3-5 cm were transferred to rooting medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA. The best rooting response was observed on half strength M S liquid medium supplemented with 3mg/l IBA. The established plantlets obtained were subjected to hardening and acclimatisation by transferring to polycups containing sterile soil for 3-4 weeks and then to the field, where
85% survived to maturity
Abstract
In recent times, there is an extensive interest in these Alcoholic extracts due to the emergence and spread of new drugresistant human pathogens to existing antimicrobials. The emergence of medicine opposing pathogens is one of the mostcritical threats to booming treatment of bacterial diseases. Mode of action of Methanolic extracts likely involves fairly a lotof targets in the cell due to huge number of active components and also their hydroplillicity helps them to screen in the cellmembrane, rendering them permeable , leading to leakage of cell contents. This calls for a transformed effort to identifyagents efficient against disease causing bacteria to present antimicrobials. Seed extracts of two different plants viz. Phoenixdactylifera and Annona squamosa, were prepared by methanol extraction method at the ratio of 1:2 using 100ml volume of methanol and stock concentration of 50mg/ml in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) of each extract was made.The extracts and fractions were tested for antimicrobial activity against standard microbial strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (gramnegative), Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), Escherichia.coli (gram-negative), Salmonella typhi (gram-negative) , Enterococcus faecalis (grampositive), Pseudomon aerugenosa (gram-negative),and Salmonella paratyphi (gram-negative)by means of Agar-Disc Diffusion Method and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was noted .. The test culture of standard microbial cultures was 3 X 105 CFU/ml, and standard antibiotic used is Ampicillin with clavulanic acid. In this context, two extract from traditional plants, Custard Apple (Annona squamosa) and Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) were used alone or in combination to assess their antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial clinical isolates .Antimicrobial test was completed by agar disc diffusion method. Although, both extract were found to be effective in inhibiting pathogens to varying degrees to the tested organisms, the Annona squamosa extract is found to be more effective than Phoenix dactylifera.When both extracts were used in combination, they have shown strong synergistic effect against all the pathogens tested in the present studyexcept for the P.aerugenosa and S. Para typhi. Bactericidal abilities displayed by the seed extracts signified their remarkable potential for exploration for effective natural antimicrobial agents against standard pathogenic bacteria. The extracts have shown the synergistic effects even at their MIC against E.fecalis, indicating that with further researches these extracts can be used for treating enteric diseases.
Banana is the fourth largest produced food crop of the world and its demand is increasing day by day. It is available throw out the year and its cost is very less in comparison to other fruits. With the development in science new tissue culture protocols are standardized for mass propagation of Musa (Banana) on the basis of effects of plant growth regulators. BAP (6-Benzyl Amino Purine), KN (Kinetin) are most widely used cytokinins for shoot proliferation and IAA (Indole -3-acetic acid), NAA (Naphathalene acetic acid) are widely used auxins for root induction.
1. Tissue culture can be used to multiply and conserve medicinal and ornamental plants that are difficult to reproduce through conventional methods. It allows for mass production of valuable plants.
2. The document discusses tissue culture techniques for Boston fern and two medicinal plants - peganum harmala and aegle marmelos. For Boston fern, sterile runner tips are cultured on nutrient media to produce new leaves and roots. Tissue culture of aegle marmelos can be done through micropropagation, organogenic callus culture, or culturing nodal explants.
3. Micropropagation of aegle marmelos involves culturing nodal explants on media supplemented with cytokinins,
ABSTRACT- The present study was planned to study the antimicrobial activity of different plant extract against selected microorganisms. The plants used in the present study were Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Withania somnifera (Ashwgandha), Santalum album (Chandan), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), and shatavari (Asparagus racemosus). The extract from the leaves of these plants (are) used in malaria, bronchitis, gastric disorders, cough, cold etc. To test efficiency of some common plants extract against E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus. Contrary to the synthetic drugs, antimicrobials of plant origin are not associated with many side effects and have an enormous therapeutic potential to heal many infectious diseases. The present investigation is therefore, undertaken to test the efficiency of some of the common plant extracts against some plants and human pathogens, i.e. E. coli and S. aureus. In this project work, we studied the different parts of medicinal plants of Latur, Osmanabad region used for curing different type of diseases specially skin diseases. Some plants have active components which show antimicrobial activity. These Herbal plants are beneficial to human being in therapeutic practice. Skin diseases are difficult conditions to live with, to save the very least. Though some skin diseases may cause minimal discomfort, the visual effects of the conditions can cause significant self esteem and confidence issues. The majority of skin diseases cause scarring or disfigurement. Skin diseases run the gambit from barely noticeable to fatal.
Key-words- Medicinal plants, Antimicrobial activity, Antifungal activity
Micro-propagation of Alstroemeria Hybrida Cv. PlutoIJEAB
The experiment entitled micropropagation of Alstroemeria hybrida cv. Pluto was conducted to standardize protocol for aseptic establishment, callus induction, proliferation, and rooting from rhizome tips, rhizome sections, shoot tips, shoot nodal segments and inflorescence buds. Highest culture asepsis of 79.20 per cent at 2 weeks of culture and 68.08 per cent at 4 weeks of culture was recorded in rhizome tips following sterilization treatment with Carbendazim 200 ppm for 30 minutes + HgCl2 (0.1 %) dip for 10 minutes and final treatment with ethyl alcohol (70 %) for 1 minute. Rhizome tips and rhizome section explants survived sterilant treatment better than other explants. MS-liquid medium supplemented with BAP + IBA: 1.5 + 0.2 mg l-l proved best for culture establishment (89.42 %) in case of rhizome tips and (56.13 %) in case of rhizome sections. MS-solid medium with plant growth regulator combinations BAP + IBA: 1.0 + 0.2 mg l-1 fortified with activated charcoal resulted in an establishment of (78.25 %) in rhizome tips and (40.24 %) in case of rhizome sections. Callus induction was highest in MS-solid medium fortified with BAP + NAA: 0.5 + 4.5 mg l-l. Rhizome tips cultured on MS-medium BAP + IBA + GA3 + Activated charcoal: 2.0 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 1000 mg l-l gave highest proliferation (88.85 %) along with highest number of erect shoots (5.75) , number of new rhizome buds ( 3.75), rhizome fresh weight/shoot complex (6.05), and multiplication index (2.76). Highest Rooting (54.81 %) along with lowest days to appearance of root (10.87), highest number of roots (3.12) and highest root length (16.42 mm) was recorded in MS-liquid medium fortified with NAA 1.5 mg l-1. Abbreviations used— AC; Activated charcoal, BAP; 6-Benzyl amino purine, BA; 6-Benzyladenine, 2, 4-D; 2, 4dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid,GA3; Gibberelic acid, IAA; Indole-3-acetic acid, IBA; Indole-3-butyric acid, MS; Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) medium, NAA; Naphthalene acetic acid and µm; Micro molar.
Cultivation,collection,processing,preservation and storage of medicinal plantsUjjwal Mandal
This document discusses the cultivation, collection, processing, and storage of medicinal plants. It begins by introducing the presenter and topic. The main topics covered include the cultivation methods of sexual and asexual propagation, factors affecting cultivation like altitude, temperature, and soil properties. It also discusses plant hormones, drying and storage of crude drugs, and provides examples of specific plants like opium and kurchi. It concludes by emphasizing the potential of herbal medicines when used appropriately and with medical supervision.
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging methods.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are
Cultivation,collection, processing,Preservation and Storage of Important Medi...Ujjwal Mandal
Ujjwal Mandal presents on the cultivation, collection, processing, preservation, and storage of important medicinal plants. Key points discussed include:
1. Medicinal plants are cultivated using sexual propagation from seeds or asexual propagation from vegetative parts. Factors like altitude, temperature, rainfall, soil properties, and fertilizers impact cultivation.
2. After cultivation, plants are collected and processed which may involve drying, cutting, or packing. Proper drying prevents microbial growth.
3. Storage of crude drugs requires packaging to protect from moisture, microbes, and rodents. Properties of each plant guide appropriate storage and packaging.
4. Ashwagandha and tulsi are discussed
Micropropagation is a proven means of producing millions of identical plants under a controlled and aseptic condition, independent of seasonal constraints. It not only provides economy of time and space but also gives greater output and allows further augmentation of elite disease free propagules.India is homeland of many important fruit crops such as Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Guava (, Psidium guajava), jamun or black plum (Syzygium cuminii L. Skeels.), Mango (Mangifera indica) and Papaya (Carica papaya).
Assessing the effect of polyculture on the phenological and nutraceutical pro...scribddarkened352
Excerpt from "Assessing the effect of polyculture on the phenological and nutraceutical profile of five microgreen species" isolating the work done on C. ficifolia.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from two mangrove plant species. Eleven actinomycete isolates were obtained from Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia caseolaris plants collected from Goa, India. In screening for antimicrobial activity, some isolates showed inhibition against test bacteria and fungi. Isolates RO7, RO11 exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, while RO9 showed both antibacterial and antifungal effects. In antioxidant analysis by DPPH radical scavenging, the ethyl acetate extracts of RO7, RO11, and RO9 demonstrated dose-dependent free radical scavenging,
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
In Vitro Seed Germination and Plantlets Development of Canthium Coromandelicu...IJSTA
This document describes a study that developed a protocol for in vitro seed germination, plantlet development, and micropropagation of Canthium coromandelicum, a medicinal plant. The study found that Knudson's C medium best supported seed germination and seedling development. Murashige and Skoog medium with 4 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine was most effective for shoot multiplication. Elongated shoots were rooted successfully on 1/4 MS medium with 3 mg/L of naphthaleneacetic acid. The in vitro raised plantlets were acclimatized and showed 70% survival when transferred to natural conditions.
The document discusses plant tissue culture. It defines plant tissue culture as the technique of growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial nutrient medium under sterile conditions. The key applications of plant tissue culture include commercial plant production, conservation of endangered species, plant breeding, production of valuable compounds, and crossing distantly related plant species. The document then provides details on preparing Murashige and Skoog medium, including composition, sterilization techniques, and procedures for inoculation of plant materials like seeds and rose buds.
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical compounds in Normal and root gall of Ok...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Meristem and shoot tip culture in horticultural cropsHORTIPEDIA INDIA
This document outlines the process of meristem and shoot tip culture in horticultural crops. It discusses (1) the establishment of explants in culture media, (2) the multiplication of propagules through axillary shoot proliferation using cytokinins, and (3) the regeneration of adventitious roots using auxins to complete the tissue culture process. Meristem and shoot tip culture is an effective method for cloning plant material and producing disease-free plants for agriculture and industry.
Isolation and extract of querctin f.pptxAhmedKasem39
This document discusses the isolation of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various sources, including plants and endophytic fungi. It provides historical background on quercetin isolation from plants like fenugreek. It defines endophytic fungi as fungi that live within plant tissues without causing symptoms of disease. It also describes several techniques used for isolating and detecting fungal endophytes, including dilution plating, scraping plant tissues under a microscope, and a seed squash method to observe endophytes in seeds. The overall goal appears to be discussing strategies for extracting quercetin from endophytic fungi.
“Antimicrobial activity of rhizospheric bacteria of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) ...IOSRJPBS
The present study was carried out to explore the production of antibiotics from soil microbes of medicinal Plant Curcuma longa (Turmeric). Soil samples of the Curcuma longa rhizosphere regions were collected from the different region in Akola City, Western Vidharbh region of Maharashtra. The bacterial culture from the soil samples were collected by the serial dilution and spread plate technique. The total 16 culture have been isolated from the soil samples and out of total 16 only 3 have been characterized which are potent isolates. These 3 isolates are active against the selected pathogens, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S.aureus. These samples were labelled as S1,S2 and S3. The characterized 3 cultures were identified as Bacillus megatherium, Pseudomonas fluroscenes and Globicitella sulfidifacein by using Bergey’s manual of systemic bacteriology. The Rhizospheric bacterial crude extract of Bacillus megatherium, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Globicatella sulfidifaciens were found to be more or less active against almost all tested pathogenic strains. Hence Curcuma longa can be employed as source of natural antimicrobials that can serve as an alternative to conventional medicines.It was concluded that the best activity have been shown by the Curcuma longa rhizospheric isolates (S2) which is of Pseudomonas fluorescens against all three human pathogenic organisms (E.coli , S.aureus , P.aeroginosa ). The activity of rhizospheric isolates was showing best results against S. aureus
This document discusses the cultivation, collection, processing, and storage of medicinal plants. It covers the general steps for cultivation including both sexual and asexual methods. Factors that influence cultivation such as temperature, soil conditions, and plant size are also discussed. The document then covers drying, processing, and storage methods and factors that affect each step. It also discusses plant hormones, polyploidy, mutation, hybridization, and conservation of medicinal plants.
The study investigated the antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, and hydroalcoholic extracts of Pandanus odoratissimus leaf. All three extracts showed inhibition against gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, but not against gram-negative bacteria or the yeast Candida albicans. The hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25mg/ml against gram-positives. Phytochemical analysis revealed this extract contained alkaloids and flavonoids, compounds possibly responsible for its antimicrobial effects.
Auxin induced germination and plantlet regeneration via Rhizome section cultu...IOSR Journals
1) The study developed a protocol for propagating the vulnerable medicinal orchid Spiranthes sinensis using rhizome section culture.
2) Rhizome sections were cultured on different concentrations of growth hormones including IBA, IAA, NAA, GA3, and cytokinin.
3) IBA at 100 ppm and GA3 at 500 ppm favored good germination and bud formation from the rhizome sections, with 100% and 90% survival rates respectively. The plantlets grew to 0.6 cm and 1.0 cm in length respectively.
Similar to In vitro Shoot Micro Propagation of Medicinal Applications and Ornamental Value of Cestrum nocturnum (20)
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
In vitro Shoot Micro Propagation of Medicinal Applications and Ornamental Value of Cestrum nocturnum
1. Abstract
Background/Objectives: Cestrum nocturnum L. a night Blooming jasmine belongs to Solanaceae family widely circulated
all over tropical as well as subtropical areas of the World. It is mainly popular for ornamental fragrant flowering and hedge
plant but also sometimes for traditional medicinal purpose. Due to strongest smelling characteristics of the plants, it is used
in many industries for making Perfumes, essential Oils, Soaps, Candles, Body Oils, etc. The existence of natural plants of
economic importance are threatened due to rapid urban development, including industrialization, residential development,
educational, commercial etc., reduce the land for cultivation. Hence plant tissue culture protocol may be adapted for
production and utilization of economically popular plants, including C. nocturnum involving limited space and short period
of time. Methods: Shoot tip explants of naturally grown C. nocturnum were excised sterilized and endued on ‘Murashige
and Skoog’ (MS) medium enriched changed concentration of BA, NAA, as well as GA3 singly or in combination. Excised micro
shoots were examined for root development on 0.5 MS using IBA, NAA as well as IAA separately. Findings: The highest
amount of multiple bud were observed in low concentration of BA (01.50 milligram × l-1
), resulted no. of shoot 4.40 as well
as 4.20/explant, no. of leaves 15.40 as well as 4.20/explant as well as size of different shoot 5.360 as well as 4.860 cm. The
concentration of IBA and IAA were found to be best for root formation in micro shoots (13.20, 6.80 roots/micro shoots)
as well as root size (8.39, 5.73 cm) individually. Application: There are many opportunity of plant tissue culture which
offer marvelous chances in plant propagation, plant development as well as creation of plants with necessary agronomical
features. Finally often hardening plantlets were gradually adjusted to natural condition and acclimatized with 90% success.
This established protocol could help plant cell biotechnology, horticulture, medical and industrial sector of the country.
In vitro Shoot Micro Propagation of Medicinal
Applications and Ornamental Value of Cestrum
nocturnum
Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar1*
, Miskat Ara Akhter Jahan2
, Chapol Kumar Roy2
, Khaled Hossain3
,
Shafkat Shamim Rahman4
, Md. Rubel Mia3
, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1
and Dewan Anwarul Azim3
1
Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh; kisarkar1981@gmail.com, sad.safwan@yahoo.com
2
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh; miskatrara@hotmail.com,
chapolbcsir2012@gmail.com
3
Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; cunun072@yahoo.com, rubelmia88@gmail.com,
dewanazim@yahoo.com
4
BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; shafkatshamimrahman@gmail.com
Keywords: Cestrum nocturnum, Micro Propagation, MS Salts Medium, Night Jasmine, Tissue Culture, Transplantable
Plantlets
1. Introduction
There are more than 300 species contain genus Cestrum
mostly in Asia, Europe, Africa as well as most of them are
grown in warm ‘subtropical’ as well as ‘tropical regions’.
CestrumnocturnumisamemberofthefamilySolanaceae.
It is a strongly scented flower that blooms at night thus
alternatively known as ‘lady of the night’, ‘Queen of the
night’ and ‘night blooming Jasmine’1
. Jasmines gener-
ally grow in all types of soils. However, they are better
adapted to rich loamy or dry sandy and irrigated soil. In
soil with more clay, the vegetative growth is vigorous but
flower production is lest in amount, while in soil with
gravel, the plants exhibit stunted growth. Water logging
*Author for correspondence
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(15), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i15/86233, April 2016
ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846
ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645
2. In vitro Shoot Micro Propagation of Medicinal Applications and Ornamental Value of Cestrum nocturnum
Indian Journal of Science and Technology2 Vol 9 (15) | April 2016 | www.indjst.org
or excessive watering is detrimental to the plants. Now it
is probable to improve techniques for virus and micro-
organisms free plant regeneration, salinity forbearance,
herbicide resistance, infection confrontation, frost resis-
tance and combination of large amount protein content as
well as genetically engineer plants for necessary charac-
ters. Hybridisation, clonal selection, mutation and ploidy
breeding have been attempted as plant improvement
methods. Plant extracts have shown larvicidal activity2
counter to the mosquito Aedesa egypti while displaying
no poisonousness to fish3
. Plant extracts causes hemato-
logical changes in the freshwater fish when exposed to
sub lethal concentration of this plant4
. Pharmaceutical
studies showed that the leaves of the plant have important
pain killing as well as bactericidal activity5,6
. It is also doc-
umented that plants have local anesthetic effect, cardiac
arrhythmic effect and inhibitory effect on central nerve
system7
. Mature foliage contains a ‘calcinogenic glyco-
side’ that guides to vitamin D poisonousness as well as is
responsible for elevated serum calcium level8
. Several of
glycosides for example ‘(25R)-spirost-5-ene-2R, 3 ‚-diol
pentaglycosides (nocturnoside A), (25R)-spirost-5-en-3-
‚-ol tetraglycoside (nocturnoside B)’ as well as phenolic
glucosides (cesternosides A as well as B)9
, two new gly-
cosides of flavonol group as well as seven saponins of
steroid groups together among them four are new along
with eight new glycosides of steroid group have been sep-
arated from the leaves of C. nocturnum. The volatile oil
extracted from the plant is recognized as ‘mosquito-repel-
lent’ therefore C. nocturnum is utilized to inhibit ‘malaria’
in some African region10
. Some phytochemical analysis
showed the existence of significant ‘bioactive compounds’
in dissimilar portions of the plant: Such as ‘alkaloids, fla-
vonol glycosides, steroidal saponins, fatty acids, essential
oils, phenols’ as well as few others11
. Practitioners utilize
the plant externally for skin disorders, but some techni-
cal information demonstrates that it gives a wide range
of ‘pharmacological activity’ when administered systemi-
cally or in separated organ preparations. For example,
it is in the habit of treat arterial hypotension and as an
analgesic, abortive, diuretic, antispasmodic, dyspeptic,
antiviral, as well as smooth muscle relaxant; it also gives
negative inotropic as well aschronotropicactivities12–15
.
Maximum of the species of Cestrum have set up some
uses in traditional medicine. Cestrum parqui is utilized
in Chilean traditional medicine as antifebrile as well as
for the treatment of disease as well as inflammation16
.
Therefore, we have taken on to examine the antifungal
action of the necessary oil as well as organic components
extracted from the flowers of C. nocturnum grown in all
over Bangladesh as well as the end results are reported in
this regard. Though leaves of C. nocturnum have impor-
tant pharmacological effect in burns as well as swellings,
they have been utilized as traditional medicine. It is also
utilized for treatment of epilepsy in addition as stupefy-
ing charm medicine in. Tissue culture has a lot of use in
amount of zones of herbal science, together with simple
physiology, creation of ordinary conservation breeding,
recovery of transgenic plants and also in propagation17
.
2. Materials and Methods
The procedure for media preparation consists of
preparation of standard solutions of highly purified
chemicals and demineralized water. Many type of cul-
ture systems were supreme broadly utilized MS medium
formulated by Murashige and Skoog (MS). The standard
solutions are put in storage in any type of glass or plas-
tic sampling bottles as well as put into the refrigerator till
the next time requirement. Currently a day, dry powders
are available in the market mainly commercial prepared
for plant tissue culture medium. The culture of media is
commonly purified in an autoclave at 1212C as well as 17
psi for 25 minutes. Hormones as well as additional tem-
perature sensitive organic compounds are filter purified
as well as added to the autoclaved medium.
Several experiments including the test of response
of the different explants were done to propagation and
studying the effect of some growth regulators at three
stages of growth (initiation, multiplication and rooting),
as well to determine the optimum conditions and ways
of acclimatization of plant produce by tissue culture and
transplant them to the soil.
2.1 Initiation Stage
Approximately 12–18 cm lengthy actively growing shoots
were taken from about 1.5 years old Cestrum nocturnum
adult plant by cutting it from the botanical garden. Shoots
or Buds were defoliated as well as cleaned by washing it
with water for 70 minutes in view to take out soil as well
as extra superficial contamination, followed by normal
pure water as well as liquid or power detergent for 25
minutes; then rinsed for four–eight minutes in distilled
sterilized water. After this, these types of shorter sections
were pieced into one and half centimeter long, together
3. Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar, Miskat Ara Akhter Jahan, Chapol Kumar Roy, Khaled Hossain, Shafkat Shamim Rahman,
Md. Rubel Mia, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam and Dewan Anwarul Azim
Indian Journal of Science and Technology 3Vol 9 (15) | April 2016 | www.indjst.org
with the bud of terminal (apical) end as well as particular
nodes with an axillary bud. With the help of absorption
in the 0.05% Mercuric Chloride (HgCl2
) solutions (0.05%
w/v) for 8 minutes; Bud tips and nodes with auxiliary
shoots were detached and sterilized. Those disinfected
tissues [explants] then were soaked 4–5 times with
decontaminated distilled water, as well as the finishes of
explanted tissues uncovered to sterilant were cut off. The
try out were carried out with ten replicates as well as the
explanted tissues were placed aseptically in a 25 × 150
millimeter conical flacks or in test-tubes each contains
15 milliliter of ‘Murashige and Skoog’ medium enriched
with of controllers for growth but not all in the same con-
centrations. ‘Benzyladenine’ with 0.0, 1.50 as well as 3.0
as well as 4.50 mg × l-1
was incorporated to the culture
medium as well as the responses of cultured explanted
tissues at the initiation stage were observed.
Ten explanted tissues were cultured in ten test-tubes
(for every concentration there were an explanted tissue in
every test tube). At 25.0 ± 2o
C and below light conditions
they were incubated of 15 light hours as well as 8.0 dark-
ness hours. The fallouts were noted down after one month
to one and half month after planting. There effects were
observed on culture initiation at various concentrations
of Benzyladenine and 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA)
when jointly composed. BA was utilized at 0, 1.50, 3.0 as
well as 4.50 mg × l-1
as well as NAA at 0, 0.20, 0.40 as well
as 0.60 mg × l-1
. For each treatment ten test tubes were
utilized. Based on stage I results, the produced micro
shoots on or after the interpretation were progressed to
‘Murashige and Skoog’ medium (proliferation period was
found medium) on or after the Grade Anaction. After 6
weeks after planting; amount as well as measurement of
buds was documented.
2.2 Multiplication Stage
At multiplication period; investigates incorporated the
result of BA was experienced at 0, 1.50, 3.0 as well as 4.50
mg × l-1
to find out its effects on amount as well as mea-
surement of new buds. Beside this, the outcome of the
relations distinguishes BA as well as NAA on multipli-
cation period was also observed. To all actions, together
with the regulator; BA was added at 0, 1.50, 3.0 as well
as 4.50 milligram × l-1
, along with NAA at 0, 0.10, 0.20
as well as 0.30 milligram × l-1
. GA3 was incorporated
to ‘Murashige and Skoog’ medium at 3.0 milligram ×
l-1
. A number of separate experiments were carried out
after IBA, NAA as well as IAA (0.0, 0.50, 1.0 as well as
2.0 milligram × l-1
) were being added and the outcomes
of IBA, NAA as well as IAA added to the culture Broth
on micro bud rooting were studied. Everything on these
treatments was observed in 0.5 (half) strong point of MS
Broth. Characteristics for example amount of micro buds,
amount of roots/buds as well as root length (cm) were
noted down though the rooting stage was our concern.
On a monthly basis for 1.0–1.50 repeated months these
evaluations were performed. At the end of 1.50 months,
the outcomes were collected, be around as well as recorded
as a ratio or amount for every action.
2.3 Rooting Stage and Acclimatization
More than a few micro plants were carefully chosen on or
after those that displayed respectable vegetative progress
later 1.50–2.0 months on or after Cestrum nocturnum
shoot rooting depicted in Figure 1. Later then selected
micro plants were cleaned by washing it in normal pure
water to wash out the agar gelon or after the roots, which
might cause infection later. After that they were soaked in
0.10% solution of Benlate fungicide and later planted in
artificial pots contained a purified mixture of peat moss as
well as canal soil (1:1). In view to maintain high humid-
ity in the culture situation a light elastic protection which
permits light penetration as well as contains a lot of air
passing option were used to cover the pots.
Micro plants were properly watered as well as a MS
salts containing solution were given with 0.250 of original
strength. After two weeks from planting the elastic cover
wasdetachedonoraftertimetotime.Themicroplantswere
thenmovedfortransplantationandlater0.10%Benlatefun-
gicide was sprayed as necessary after elapsing four weeks.
Figure 1. Initiation stage of multiplication of Shoot of
Cestrum nocturnum (after4–6 weeks growth) on MS Broth
enriched with BA+NAA at various concentrations.
4. In vitro Shoot Micro Propagation of Medicinal Applications and Ornamental Value of Cestrum nocturnum
Indian Journal of Science and Technology4 Vol 9 (15) | April 2016 | www.indjst.org
3. Observation and Results
Stage 1: Initiation
3.1 Interpretations of BA as well as NAA
Concentrations during Explants
Development
Outcome of various concentrations of BA, NAA as well
as their relative effects on the ratio of reaction of lateral
as well as station shoots cut out on or after easy trimming
of Cestrum grown on MS Broth. BA (1.50 milligram × l-1
)
this concentration was meaningfully finished for lateral
buds, the further concentrations for both lateral as well as
terminal shoots as well as provided the maximum feed-
back percentage (100%) was noticed. Treatment of lateral
buds of 1.50 mg × l-1
BA with best of NAA concentrations
provides the maximum response (100%). Beside this, for
the terminal shoots, upper percentages of effects resulted
on or after treating 1.50 milligram l-1
BA with 0.0, 0.20
milligram × l-1
NAA concentration. Figure 2 depicts the
outcomes of BA, NAA concentration variation as well as
their effects and also types of shoots on the mean number
of buds, leaves as well as the size of new buds at initiation
period. It is proved that side shoot or stem (lateral shoots)
formed further new buds and a higher amount of leaves
as well assize of new buds in comparison with those on
or after terminal shoots. Deficiency of cytokinin in the
lateral buds may be cause18
. BA conc. at 01.50 milligram
× l-1
helps in obtaining the greatest extent of buds and
leaves and also the greatest extent of bud size in lateral as
well as terminal shoots (5.20, 4.0 shoots/explant, 18, 13.20
leaves/explant as well as 6.00, 5.50 centimeter; on the
given sequence). This confirms the requirement existence
of cytokinin (BA) in initiation Broth. It is already been
mentioned in various issued articles written on tissue cul-
ture techniques of various fruit plants like pear19
, plum20
and walnut. Taking the effect of NAA in consideration, it
may be stated clearly that the highest values of number
of new buds, amount of leaves as well assize of new buds
were produced at 0.20 mg × l-1
NAA for both lateral as
well as terminal shoots. Observing the relations between
BA, NAA as well as categories of shoots, it is clear that
the highest number of amount of buds, amount of leaves
as well assize of new buds were gained on or after the
relations with the low concentrations of individual regu-
lators of growth for individual lateral as well as terminal
shoots.
The action produced an important rise in the mean
number of fresh buds, mean amount of leaves as well as
average size of new buds on lateral shoots in compari-
son with those on or after terminal shoots. But with the
help of treatment that is free of regulators of plant prog-
ress (02.60 cm, 02.20 cm (shoots/explants), 07.20 cm,
06.60 cm (leaves/explants), as well as 4.88 cm, 3.44 cm)
the least amount of newly grown buds, average amount
of newly grown leaves as well as average size of newly
grown buds formed. These results agrees with finding of
other researcher21
, as they commented that utilization
of cytokinins as well as auxins in this category is very
significant as well as the function of cytokinins at this
period is necessary to interrupt apical controls in shoots
as well as to talk into the subsidiary meristem raise into
a bud.
Stage 2: Multiplication
3.2 Interpretation of BA as well as NAA
during Bud Propagation
Figure3tellstheinterpretationofdifferentconcentrations
of BA, NAA as well as interactions of these and catego-
ries of these shoots depend on the satisfactory quantity of
buds, satisfactory quantity of leaves as well assizes of new
buds at proliferation period. Important individual were
found between the lateral as well as terminals shoots in
which lateral shoots formed upper quantities of new bud,
leaves as well as sizes of new buds. It is anticipated that
cytokinins support the foundation of forested tissues bor-
dering to the vascular tissues of the shoot as well as stem,
Figure 2. First stage of root formation of Cestrum
nocturnumon MS Broth (4–6 weeks of growth) nourished
with different concentrations IBA, NAA as well as IAA.
5. Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar, Miskat Ara Akhter Jahan, Chapol Kumar Roy, Khaled Hossain, Shafkat Shamim Rahman,
Md. Rubel Mia, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam and Dewan Anwarul Azim
Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5Vol 9 (15) | April 2016 | www.indjst.org
of auxins23
, that is; a higher amount of shoots will have
a chance to produce as well as start to produce buds24
.
These results comply with those reported25
, who high-
lighted the significance of the counter actions between
auxins as well as cytokinins in vegetative proliferation
procedures.
Stage 3: Rooting
At rooting period Micro shoots were shifted from
proliferation Broth as well as located in half strong point
MS macro- as well as micro-elements improved with dif-
ferent IBA, NAA concentrations as well as IAA (0–2.0 mg
× l-1
). It displayed dissimilar responses to rooting after
1–1.50 months of culture (Figures 4 as well as 5). On half
strong point MS Broth improved by 00.5, 1.0 milligram l-1
NAA as well as IBA the significant percentage of rooting
(100%) was found, respectively.
Beside this, in case of IAA, the maximum percent of
rooting of Cestrum buds grown in half strong point MS
(90%) were found as concentration of 1.0 mg × l-1
IAA.
Hormones existed in plants (Endogenous) might have
been associated in promoting plants to root26
, up to the
hormonal steadiness stretched its optimum level to force
the roots to raise as well as improve in the existence of
exogenous hormones, since growing auxin concentration
enhances root creation on bud bases27
. There is a role of
IBA, IAA as well as NAA concentrations on the mean
quantity of roots each bud as well as average root size.
In half strength MS medium it can be noted that IBA as
well as IAA exerts an important effect on root quantities
each bud as well as root size. At 1.0 mg l-1
concentration,
IBA as well as IAA provided the maximum amount roots
(013.20, 6.80 roots/explant) as well as root size (8.51,
5.82 cm), individually. Taking the effect of NAA in con-
sideration, it is clear that the maximum prices for root
numbers each bud (7 roots/explant) as well as root size
(5.52 cm), separately, were obtained at the concentration
of 0.50 milligram l-1
NAA in half strength MS Broth.
Auxins have a system in the rooting method was
proved by these results, though they helps in adventi-
tious root initiation in the bases of grownbuds28
. These
results agrees with those founder15
who concluded that
decreasing the MS salts level in the broth to half, facili-
tates rooting of a lot of tree species; Lowering the salts
level in the Broth means lowering the nitrogen level of the
Broth to the half (1/2) or to the quarter (1/4) will outcome
in lower nitrogen level inside the buds, which may cause
the carbohydrate percentage level higher that is increase if
Figure 3. Ex vitro Microplants established in pots after
1.50–2.50 months of transfer.
thus will create stress-free the transfer of water as well as
nutrients in the plant that causes shoot opening22
. It was
observed, by utilizing BA I little concentrations (01.50
mg × l-1
) run for growing the maximum effects in bud’s
quantity (4.40 as well as 4.20 buds/explant), quantity of
leaves (15.40 as well as 4.20 leaves/explant) as well as size
of new shorts (5.345 as well as 4.91 cm) for lateral as well
as terminal shoots correspondingly. These effects comply
with those described23
in their homework on the signifi-
cance of cytokinins in bud proliferation. Beside this, the
NAA (0.20 milligram × l-1
) usage provided the maximum
quantity of newly grown buds (03.40, 03.0) buds/explant,
regarding the leaves quantity as well as size of new buds,
the concentration of NAA (0.10 mg × l-1
) was pointedly
greater upon the other various concentrated medium
for lateral as well as terminal shoots progress. This pos-
sibly will result because of the action of auxins on plant
cell wall development. Taking the interface between BA,
NAA as well as kinds of shoots in consideration, it may
be stated without any doubt that for average quantity of
buds, quantity of leaves as well as the size of new buds for
both lateral as well as terminal shoots, the action of 1.50
milligram × l-1
BA as well as 0.10 milligram × l-1
of NAA
exerted effects in upper values (05.0, 04.20 buds/explant,
17.20, 13.40 leaves/ explant as well as 7.70, 5.46 cm by the
given sequence) after being compared with regulator. The
consequence of interface between cytokinins as well as
auxins in vegetative multiplication as well as increasing
progress sizes can be understood by the rise of cytoki-
nins character in the attendance of auxins as stated that
cytokinins movement is usually make active in the action
6. In vitro Shoot Micro Propagation of Medicinal Applications and Ornamental Value of Cestrum nocturnum
Indian Journal of Science and Technology6 Vol 9 (15) | April 2016 | www.indjst.org
the nitrogen level is increased as well as this consequently
may results in increasing root primordial percentage as
well as root records29
.
Stage 4: Acclimatization
Figure 6 showed that the tiny plants (Micro plants) of
Cestrum Nocturtum were warily removed from rooting
media as well as shifted in a Broth consists of peat moss
as well as soil collected from river (1:1) and kept in the
greenhouse in small plastic pots. These plants were finally
hard-bitten by reducing the moisture gradually. The sur-
vival percentage of plants reached 90% after four weeks
from transplanting. This procedure for vegetative micro
propagation agrees with the protocol that was estab-
lished by lots of investigates for fruit plants like apples30
,
peaches31
, as well as chestnut32
that were transferred on an
open air field.
4. Conclusion
The study was conducted to measure the micro
propagation of Cestrum nocturnum by utilizing solo
nodes as well as shoot tips collected by cutting it from
smooth cuttings utilizing MS salts, sucrose and agar
as well as distinguish concentrations of plant progress
regulators. The outcomes unveil that utilize of mercuric
chloride for 7.50 minutes much more effectively pre-
venting contamination. At initiation period from lateral
shoot explants on MS Broth supplemented with BA with
greatest concentration of NAA; maximum effect were
achieved. At rooting stage, the maximum percentage of
rooting (100%) were found after the treatment with IBA
it also gave the maximum amount of roots as well as the
lengthiest roots respectively on half strength MS Broth.
Plantletsgrownwereshiftedtopotsaswellasacclimatized
with 90% achievement. Micro propagation is an impor-
tant technology and techniques of culturing tissues has
found huge applications in several fields of plant science,
together with basic plant physiology, pharmaceuticals
and natural compounds production from plant, plant
pathology studies, germ plasm conservation techniques,
breeding, recovery of transgenic plant, as well as prolif-
eration. Thus, improved procedures for virus free plant
regeneration, salinity tolerance, herbicide resistance,
disease resistance, frost resistance, incorporation of high
protein content and genetically engineer plants for desir-
able property is desired with the advancement of other
branches of Sciences. Advances in plant tissue culture
will help in rapid expansion and sustainable utilization of
medicinal plants for upcoming generations.
5. References
1. Western Garden Book. 2007 Ed. Hortus Third Cornell
University.
2. Jawale C, Kirdak R, Dama L. Larvicidal activity of Cestrum
nocturnumon Aedes aegypti. Bangladesh Journal of
Pharmacol. 2010 Mar; 5(1):39–40.
3. Patil CD, Patil SV, Salunke BK, Salunkhe RB, Bioefficacy of
Plumbago zeylanica and Cestrum nocturnum plant extracts
against Aedes aegypti and nontarget fish Poecilia reticulata.
Parasitol Res. 2010 Nov; 108(5):1253–63.
4. Perez-Saad H, Buznego MT. Behavioral and antiepileptic
effects of acute administration of the extract of the plant
Cestrum nocturnum Lin (lady of the night). Epilepsy Behav.
2008 Apr; 12(3):366–72.
5. Huang LG, Zhang XC, Xiao H, Ye HY, Zeng J. Analgesic
effect of Cestrum nocturnum L. extract on mice. Chin J
Clin Rehab. 2006 Sep; 10(35):172–4.
6. Catterjee SK, Bhattacharjee I, Chandra G. Bactericidal
activities of some common herbs in India. Pharm Biol.
2007; 45(5):350–4.
7. Zeng J, Li FZ, Ye HY. Study of the inhibitory effect of
Cestrum nocturnum, L. n–butl alcohol extract on central
nerve system. Journal of Gannan Medical University. 2003;
23(3):237–9.
8. Mello JRB. Calcinosis-calcinogenic plants (Review).
Toxicon. 2003; 41(1):1–12.
9. Sahai M, Singh M, Singh AK, Hara N, Fujimoto Y.
Cesternosides A and B, novel glucosides from the leaves
of Cestrum nocturnum. J Chem Res Synop. 1994; 1:22–3.
10. Mimaki Y, Ntonifor NN, Ngufor CA, Kimbi HK, Oben BO.
Traditional use of mosquito repellent to protect human
against mosquito and other insect bite sin rural community
of Cameroon. East Afr Med J. 2006 Oct; 83(10):553–8.
11. JawaleCS,DamaLB.Haematologicalchangesinthefreshwater
fish, exposed to sub-lethal concentration of Piscicidal com-
pounds. National Journal of Life Sciences. 2010; 7(1):82–4.
12. Raj RSDP, Morais SM, Gopalakrishnan K. In vitro
propagation and cell suspension culture of Callistemon
citrinus L. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2010
Jan; 3(1):67–9. Doi no: 10.17485/ijst/2010/v3i1/29648.
13. Karthikeyan S, Prasad R, Mahendran TS, Rajagopal K,
Ravendran V. Direct regeneration and in vitro flower-
ing of Scopariadulcis L. Indian Journal of Science and
Technology. 2009 May; 2(5):55–7. Doi no: 10.17485/
ijst/2009/v2i5/29467.
14. Indira Iyer R, Jayaraman G, Ramesh A. In vitro responses
and production of phytochemicals of potential medicinal
7. Mohammad Khairul Islam Sarkar, Miskat Ara Akhter Jahan, Chapol Kumar Roy, Khaled Hossain, Shafkat Shamim Rahman,
Md. Rubel Mia, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam and Dewan Anwarul Azim
Indian Journal of Science and Technology 7Vol 9 (15) | April 2016 | www.indjst.org
value in Nutmeg, Myristica Fragrans Houtt. Indian Journal
of Science and Technology. 2009 Apr; 2(4):65–70. Doi no:
10.17485/ijst/2009/v2i4/29434.
15. Jawale CS, Vinchurkar AS, Dama LB, Pawar. Cestrum
nocturnum (L) a prospective piscicide for control of preda-
tory fish Channa punctatus (bloch.). Trends in Fisheries
Research. 2012; 1(1):14–7.
16. Backhouse NC, Delporte R, Salinas P, Pinto A, Aravena S,
Cassels BK. Antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities of
Cuscuta chilensis, Cestrum parqui and Psorela glandulosa.
Int J Pharm.1996; 34(1):53–7.
17. Hartmann HT, Kester DE, Davies FT, Geneve RL. Plant prop-
agation, principles and practices. 7th ed. Prentice Hall; 2002.
18. Jansky S, Stern KR, Bidlack JE. Introductory plant biology.
Bon: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc; 2004.
19. Hirabayashi T, Moriguchi T, KozakiI, Ya-mamoto Y,
Matsuzaki S. In vitro propagation of pears shoots tips. Bull
Fruit Tree Res Stn Ser A.1987; 14:9–16.
20. Druart Ph, Gruselle R. Plum (Prunus domestica).
BiotechnologyinAgricultureandForestry,TreesII.Bajaj,Y.P.S.
(Ed.) NewYork: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1986; 5:42–58.
21. Singh S, Ray BK, Bhattacharryya S, Deka PC. In vitro
propagation of C. reticulata Blanco and C. limon Burm.
Hort Science. 1994; 29(3):214–6.
22. Mohammed AA, Al–Younis MA. Fundamentals of plant
physiology (In Arabic). Third part. College of Agriculture.
Iraq: Baghdad Univ; 1991.
23. Brookner N. Studies on the in vitro propagation of
Mussaenda erythrophlla “Rosea”. (Trinidad and Tobago: St.
Augustine; 1991. p. 181.
24. Thanhran TK. Control morphogenesis in in vitro culture.
Ann Rev Plant Physiol. 1981 Jun; 32:291–311.
25. RoyPK,MamunANK,AhmadG.Invitroplantletsregenera-
tion of rose. Plant Tissue Culture. 2004 Dec; 14(2):149–54.
26. Peak KY, Chandler SF, Thorpe TA. In vitro propagation of
Chinese cabbage from seedling shoot tip. J Amer Soc Hort
Sci. 1987; 112(5):841–5.
27. George EF, Shermington PD. Plant propagation by tissue
culture. Exegetics Ltd; Eversley England. 1984. p. 307–8.
28. Saleh MS. Physiology of plant growth regulators. (In
Arabic). Salahaddin. Univ Ministry of Higher Education
and Scientific Research; IRAQ.1990
29. Gawel NJ, Robacker CD. Corly WL. In vitro propagation of
Miscanthus sinesis. Hort. Science. 1990 Oct; 25(10):1291–3.
30. Soni M, Thakur M, Modgil M. In vitro shoot multiplication
of Merton I. 793, a clonal apple rootstock, suitable for
replantation. Indian Journal of Science and Technology.
2011 Jul; 10(3):362–8.
31. Reeves DW, Horton BD, Couvillon GA. Effect of media
and media pHon in vitro propagation of Nemaguard peach
rootstock. Hort Science. 1983 Dec; 21(4):353–7.
32. Preece JE, Sutter EG. Acclimatization of micro propaga-
tion plants to greenhouse and field. Micropropagation
Technology and Application; 1991. p. 71–93.