The document discusses several classical philosophers and their philosophies that have influenced business practices. It describes Socrates and his Socratic method of questioning beliefs and encouraging independent thought. It discusses Plato, who studied under Socrates and founded the Academy, and his ideas of universal forms and the philosopher-king. It also outlines Aristotle, Plato's student and teacher of Alexander the Great, and his views on different forms of government and his emphasis on moderation and humans as political animals. The document also briefly discusses Kant's focus on motives over outcomes, and utilitarian philosophers like Bentham and Mill who advocated for actions that promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number.