This document discusses a new type of solar cell that uses nanotechnology to improve efficiency. It summarizes that conventional solar cells are less efficient, especially on cloudy days. A new infrared plastic solar cell is described that uses quantum dots and nanorods only 200 nanometers thick to harness infrared light and produce electricity even when the sun is obscured. While currently more expensive than traditional solar cells, infrared plastic cells provide higher efficiency including on cloudy days and could enable applications such as powering devices, communications systems, and transportation.
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as solar panels. The common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volts. Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic, irrespective of whether the source is sunlight or an artificial light. In addition to producing energy, they can be used as a photodetector (for example infrared detectors), detecting light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible range, or measuring light intensity. The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires three basic attributes: The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit. In contrast, a solar thermal collector supplies heat by absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or indirect electrical power generation from heat. A "photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on the other hand, refers either to a type of photovoltaic cell (like that developed by Edmond Becquerel and modern dye-sensitized solar cells), or to a device that splits water directly into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar illumination.
The most common type of solar cells are Photovoltaic Cells (PV cells)
Converts sunlight directly into electricity
Cells are made of a semiconductor material (eg. silicon)
Light strikes the PV cell, and a certain portion is absorbed
The light energy (in the form of photons) knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely, forming a current
Metal contacts on the top and bottom of PV cell draws off the current to use externally as power
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A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Individual solar cell devices are often the electrical building blocks of photovoltaic modules, known colloquially as solar panels. The common single junction silicon solar cell can produce a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 0.5 to 0.6 volts. Solar cells are described as being photovoltaic, irrespective of whether the source is sunlight or an artificial light. In addition to producing energy, they can be used as a photodetector (for example infrared detectors), detecting light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible range, or measuring light intensity. The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires three basic attributes: The absorption of light, generating either electron-hole pairs or excitons.The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit. In contrast, a solar thermal collector supplies heat by absorbing sunlight, for the purpose of either direct heating or indirect electrical power generation from heat. A "photoelectrolytic cell" (photoelectrochemical cell), on the other hand, refers either to a type of photovoltaic cell (like that developed by Edmond Becquerel and modern dye-sensitized solar cells), or to a device that splits water directly into hydrogen and oxygen using only solar illumination.
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Solar energy plays a major role in present
days.
• It is renewable source of energy.
• This presentation is about the new type of
solar cell.
• It is 5 times efficient than conventional solar
cells.
3. • Nanotechnology is about building things atom by
atom, molecule by molecule.
• Nanotechnology is billionth of a matter.
• It is defined as the study of functional structures
with dimensions in the range of 1-100 nanometer.
NANOTECHNOLOGY
4. Working of solar cell
• These are photovoltaic (PV) cells based on
crystalline silicon.
• It absorbs visible sunlight and transferred to
the semiconductor material.
• This energy knocks electrons to flow freely,
which results current.
• Current is drawn from the metal contacts in PV
cell.
6. Why Nanotechnology in solar cell
•The conventional solar cells are less efficient.
•Their efficiency is very poor in cloudy days.
•To overcome above problems, A new type of solar cell
embedded with NANOTECHNOLOGY is developed,
which is INFRARED PLASTIC SOLAR CELL.
9. •It uses specially designed nano particles
called quantum dots.
QUANTUM DOT
10. •The quantum dots with a polymer to make the plastic
that can detect energy in the infrared.
QUANTUM DOT LAYER
11. INFRARED PLASTIC SOLAR
CELL
•This plastic material can harness the sun’s
invisible infrared rays.
•These plastic solar cells can be taken
everywhere.
•It reduces the need to PLUG IN for power.
12. WORKING OF PLASTIC SOLAR CELL
•It consists of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanorods and
blended with P3HT(poly-3hexylthiophene).
• It requires semiconductor
nanorods (7 nm by 60nm).
•The heart of a solar cell
is a 200-nm-thick film.
13. • A layer only 200 nanometers
thick is sandwiched between
electrodes.
•It can produce 0.7V at
present
14. •When nanorods absorb light they generate an electron
and an electron hole.
•Electron is collected by alluminium electrode.
•The hole is transferred to the plastic and conveyed to
the electrode, creating a current.
•Aluminium coating acts
as the back electrode .
15. IMPROVEMENTS
• Better light collection and concentration
employed in the solar cells.
• In plastic cells nano rods are closely packed
and transfer their electrons more directly to
the electrolyte.
• They also hope to tune the nano rods to
absorb different colors to span the spectrum
of sun light.
16. APPLICATIONS
• Radio transceivers on mountain tops, or
telephone boxes in the country can often be
solar powered.
•Telecommunication systems:
17. •Hydrogen powered car:
Hydrogen car painted with the film could convert
solar energy into electricity to continually recharge
the car’s battery
18. • Chip coated in the material
could power cell phone
• A couple of drops if the
titanium dioxide suspension
is then added.
• The slide is then set aside
to dry for one minute.
• Coating the cell :
19. Ocean navigation aids: many lighthouses and most
buoys are now powered by solar cells.
Ocean navigation aids:
20. ADVANTAGES
• These are considered to be 30% more
efficient.
• Their efficiency is same even on cloudy days.
• These are very compact and more practical in
application.
• These cells avoids effects like pollution.
• Fabrication is easy.
21. LIMITATIONS
• They are very costly.
• Relatively shorter life span when continuously
exposed to sunlight.
• It requires higher maintenance and constant
monitoring.
22. CONCLUSION
• Plastic solar cells help in exploiting the
infrared radiation.
• More effective when compared to
conventional solar cells.
• They can even work on cloudy days.
• Though at present cost is a major
drawback, it can be solved in the near
future.
23. 1.Introduction to Nanotechnology:Charles P Poole,Frank J Owens
2.Nanomaterials:synthesis,properties and applications:Edelstein,
A.S.cammarata
3.Solar energy-fundamentals, design, modeling, applications :
G.N.Tiwari
REFERENCES
