The document describes a process and apparatus for photographically recording televised images from a cathode ray tube onto unexposed motion picture film. It discusses using intermittent motion of the film rather than continuous motion to allow longer exposure periods that can capture the afterglow of the fluorescent screen. It also describes using a system to divert, delay, and reproduce selected images to provide time for film shifting between exposures while ensuring the whole television image is recorded on the film.
This document summarizes a patent for improvements to a door latching mechanism for automotive vehicles. The mechanism uses a rotary keeper or bolt member that is cammed into further latching engagement after initial contact. A track adjacent the rotary member works with a roller to wedge and urge the rotary member towards its latched position, preventing unlatching movement. Figures 1-5 illustrate the mechanism and its cooperating components.
This document describes a radio navigation system that provides continuous indications of bearing and distance from a transmitter beacon to a receiver. It utilizes a single transmitter and receiver at the beacon location and a transmitter and receiver at the mobile location. The pulsed output of the distance measuring beacon is amplitude modulated with fundamental and harmonic bearing signals. At the mobile receiver, the distance is obtained from the timing of distance measuring pulses while the bearing is obtained by comparing the phase of the envelope wave components and reference signals.
This document describes improvements in magnetic recording and reproduction of television signals. It discusses converting a high standard television signal into lower standard signals that can each be recorded on separate tracks of a magnetic tape. This allows the full high standard signal to be reconstructed by reading all the tracks simultaneously. The conversion is done using electro-optical converters like picture tubes, with the image on one tube scanned by multiple pickup tubes to generate the lower standard signals for recording.
This document provides a patent specification from 1957 for improvements relating to the inversion of television signals. Specifically, it describes a circuit using a variable-mu pentode that can derive a positive signal from a negative motion picture film, or vice versa. The circuit takes advantage of the non-linear characteristics of a variable-mu pentode to approximate the negative power law required to correctly invert the signals in a way that produces acceptable pictures without compression artifacts.
This document provides a patent specification from 1957 for improvements relating to the inversion of television signals. Specifically, it describes a circuit using a variable-mu pentode that can derive a positive signal from a negative motion picture film, or vice versa. The circuit takes advantage of the non-linear characteristics of a variable-mu pentode to approximate the negative power law required to correctly invert the signals in a way that produces acceptable pictures without compression artifacts.
This document provides a patent specification from 1957 for improvements relating to the inversion of television signals. Specifically, it describes a circuit using a variable-mu pentode that can derive a positive signal from a negative motion picture film, or vice versa. The circuit takes advantage of the non-linear characteristics of a variable-mu pentode to approximate the negative power law required to correctly invert the signals in a way that produces acceptable pictures without compression artifacts.
The development of a system simulation platform for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) radar working at 77 GHz is presented. The simulation platform allows us to test different radar architectures, modulation formats and detection algorithms as well as to simulate different scenarios, which improves the decision-making before and during the hardware development.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is deployed to overcome the interference. However,
OFDM has a relatively large OOB emissions. In spectrum sharing approaches such as dynamic spectrum
access networks, the OOB power levels of secondary transmissions should be kept below a certain level, in
order not to interfere with primary transmissions. . The difficulties such as sidelobes and PAPR caused by
OFDM is reduced by convex optimization and PTS technique respectively. In this technique each OFDM
subcarrier is multiplied with a real-valued weight that is determined in order not to interfere with adjacent
users. The problem with the SW technique is involving a very complex optimization. We propose a heuristic
approach called convex optimization. It can achieve considerable sidelobe suppression while requiring
significantly less computational resources than the optimal solution. Implementation results prove that it
can be introduced for real-time transmissions. Optimizing the subcarrier weights and SINR is complex, for
which we use the technique of convex optimization. For reducing the PAPR we use Partial Transmit
Sequence (PTS) technique.
Index terms : OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), PAPR (Peak Average Power
Ratio), OOB (Out Of Band), IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform).
This document summarizes a patent for improvements to a door latching mechanism for automotive vehicles. The mechanism uses a rotary keeper or bolt member that is cammed into further latching engagement after initial contact. A track adjacent the rotary member works with a roller to wedge and urge the rotary member towards its latched position, preventing unlatching movement. Figures 1-5 illustrate the mechanism and its cooperating components.
This document describes a radio navigation system that provides continuous indications of bearing and distance from a transmitter beacon to a receiver. It utilizes a single transmitter and receiver at the beacon location and a transmitter and receiver at the mobile location. The pulsed output of the distance measuring beacon is amplitude modulated with fundamental and harmonic bearing signals. At the mobile receiver, the distance is obtained from the timing of distance measuring pulses while the bearing is obtained by comparing the phase of the envelope wave components and reference signals.
This document describes improvements in magnetic recording and reproduction of television signals. It discusses converting a high standard television signal into lower standard signals that can each be recorded on separate tracks of a magnetic tape. This allows the full high standard signal to be reconstructed by reading all the tracks simultaneously. The conversion is done using electro-optical converters like picture tubes, with the image on one tube scanned by multiple pickup tubes to generate the lower standard signals for recording.
This document provides a patent specification from 1957 for improvements relating to the inversion of television signals. Specifically, it describes a circuit using a variable-mu pentode that can derive a positive signal from a negative motion picture film, or vice versa. The circuit takes advantage of the non-linear characteristics of a variable-mu pentode to approximate the negative power law required to correctly invert the signals in a way that produces acceptable pictures without compression artifacts.
This document provides a patent specification from 1957 for improvements relating to the inversion of television signals. Specifically, it describes a circuit using a variable-mu pentode that can derive a positive signal from a negative motion picture film, or vice versa. The circuit takes advantage of the non-linear characteristics of a variable-mu pentode to approximate the negative power law required to correctly invert the signals in a way that produces acceptable pictures without compression artifacts.
This document provides a patent specification from 1957 for improvements relating to the inversion of television signals. Specifically, it describes a circuit using a variable-mu pentode that can derive a positive signal from a negative motion picture film, or vice versa. The circuit takes advantage of the non-linear characteristics of a variable-mu pentode to approximate the negative power law required to correctly invert the signals in a way that produces acceptable pictures without compression artifacts.
The development of a system simulation platform for Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) radar working at 77 GHz is presented. The simulation platform allows us to test different radar architectures, modulation formats and detection algorithms as well as to simulate different scenarios, which improves the decision-making before and during the hardware development.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is deployed to overcome the interference. However,
OFDM has a relatively large OOB emissions. In spectrum sharing approaches such as dynamic spectrum
access networks, the OOB power levels of secondary transmissions should be kept below a certain level, in
order not to interfere with primary transmissions. . The difficulties such as sidelobes and PAPR caused by
OFDM is reduced by convex optimization and PTS technique respectively. In this technique each OFDM
subcarrier is multiplied with a real-valued weight that is determined in order not to interfere with adjacent
users. The problem with the SW technique is involving a very complex optimization. We propose a heuristic
approach called convex optimization. It can achieve considerable sidelobe suppression while requiring
significantly less computational resources than the optimal solution. Implementation results prove that it
can be introduced for real-time transmissions. Optimizing the subcarrier weights and SINR is complex, for
which we use the technique of convex optimization. For reducing the PAPR we use Partial Transmit
Sequence (PTS) technique.
Index terms : OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), PAPR (Peak Average Power
Ratio), OOB (Out Of Band), IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform).
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception during intervals in the guidance signals.
3. Synchronization signals embedded in the guidance signals are used to control switches that alternate the radio link between transmitting the guidance signals and receiving the control signals.
1) The document describes a method for protecting fire extinguishers from corrosion by applying a coating to the interior of the extinguisher body.
2) The coating is produced by mixing equal parts of distilled bitumen and air blown bitumen, heating the mixture, and applying it to the pre-heated interior walls of the extinguisher body.
3) The bitumen coating provides a durable, waterproof layer that prevents corrosion even if the metal body is bent, and remains effective over prolonged use.
This document describes a patent for an improved rear rifle sight. The sight has adjustable scales to show the position of the sighting aperture. The scales can be moved independently of the adjusting mechanism and locked into the zero position after the sight has been calibrated to the rifle. This allows the rifleman to accurately set the zero without having to mentally account for the offset introduced during calibration.
This patent document describes improvements to roll-film photographic cameras that allow for double exposures. Specifically, it describes a camera with a rotatable operating member that can selectively couple or uncouple the shutter winding and film transport mechanisms. It also includes a locking device that prevents movement of the shutter winding mechanism when the film transport mechanism is uncoupled after an incomplete film feed, addressing limitations of the prior design.
This document provides details of an injection molding machine, including:
- The machine uses tie rods to connect fixed and movable mold plates, with hydraulic cylinders to move the plates and inject material.
- It has a movable platen that supports a mold piece, and hydraulic pistons to move the platen towards a fixed platen holding the other mold piece.
- Additional hydraulic systems apply very high pressure to the movable platen for the final closing of the molds.
This patent document describes improvements to shaft bearings that provide lubrication regardless of motor position or rotation direction. The bearing features a journal sleeve and thrust members, with annular wicks that absorb lubricant and preload the thrust surfaces to prevent noise. Helical grooves in the shaft pump lubricant between the wicks to lubricate the journal and thrust surfaces, with means to return excess lubricant to ensure adequate supply in any conditions.
This document describes British patent GB780011 (A) for improvements to water softening devices. Specifically, it describes a water softening device that uses a cation exchange process and incorporates a cartridge containing the softening medium. The cartridge is detachably mounted to a frame-like structure that can be fixed to a wall. The device is designed to be lower cost than previous water softening equipment in order to be used in conjunction with water heaters.
This document describes a patent for improvements to food mixers. It discloses a mixer with an elongated spinner shaft that carries a spinner on one end and connects detachably to the power take-off of the mixer on the other end. A stationary guide receives and steadies the spinner shaft near the spinner to prevent whipping. The spinner shaft connects to the power take-off shaft through a longitudinally movable connector urged away by a spring to form a combined journal and thrust bearing and running seal.
1. The document describes a 1957 British patent for improvements to refrigerators relating to maintaining humidity in the food storage compartment.
2. It discloses a receptacle containing a water supply and heating element located in the food storage compartment to evaporate water and increase humidity.
3. The receptacle is periodically refilled using water from defrosting of the cooling unit, with various arrangements described for controlling the heating element to maintain a satisfactory degree of humidity.
This document describes a starting switch for internal combustion engines comprising electrical contacts in a housing and a rotor mounted in the housing. The rotor is operatively connected to an actuating shaft to close the contacts. A suction responsive ball is adapted to move to an effective position by engine suction to block rotation of the rotor and prevent closing of the contacts after the engine starts. The starting switch utilizes a spherical suction responsive member and provides initial positive actuation of the member to keep it from sticking, making the switch self-cleaning and unaffected by dirt or impurities.
This document describes a powder dispensing device that can be attached to a powder container like a detergent carton. The dispensing device has an inlet and outlet aperture and an internal zig-zag passageway. Powder passes through the passageway from the inlet to the outlet each time the container is tipped, dispensing a uniform amount of powder. The device is made of a material like cardboard and can be constructed from a single blank that is folded into shape.
This document describes improvements to measuring instruments and gauges patented by Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company in 1957. It details an instrument that uses at least one semiconductor photojunction to measure the thickness of a specimen by projecting a light pattern and measuring changes in current flow through the junction as the distance between the light and junction interface is varied by the thickness of the inserted specimen. The instrument allows for very precise thickness measurements and has applications in measuring wafers and sheets.
This document is a patent application for an improved air or gas cooler. The cooler has tubes through which cooling water flows and over which compressed air or gas flows. Traditionally, secondary heat conducting surfaces like fins or discs along the full length of the tubes could accumulate oil or other contaminants near the inlet, requiring troublesome cleaning. The improved cooler has secondary surfaces only on the portion of each tube between the inlet baffle and outlet end, reducing accumulation in hard to clean areas near the inlet. The cooler uses baffles to direct airflow in a zigzag pattern over the finned tube sections for efficient cooling before the air exits through the outlet.
This document describes a 1957 patent for a metal piston with an applied porous organic material layer. The layer, which can be wood or synthetic resin-impregnated materials and is less than 2mm thick, addresses the disadvantage of other organic piston materials which have high expansion coefficients compared to metals. The layer allows for smooth running of the piston without the need for abundant lubrication, preventing contamination of working gases in applications like gas compressors and hot-gas engines. An example refrigerator piston is described with a 0.5mm wood layer applied to its displacer body, leaving a narrow gap for operation without piston rings.
This document describes a filtering liner that can be placed in the barrel of an extrusion machine. The liner has longitudinal grooves on its outer surface connected to its interior by holes. It filters out large plastic lumps and increases friction to further melt the plastic as it is forced through the small holes and along the grooves. The liner extends over at least one-third the distance between the die and furthest point of the screw or ram and helps efficiently heat and filter the plastic material before it exits through the die.
The document describes a method for producing edible food products from peanuts. The key steps involve cleaning peanut kernels to remove skins and foreign matter, pressing the kernels using an expeller process to extract oil while avoiding excessive heating, grinding the resulting cake into a fine powder, and roasting the powder to reagglomerate it into granules and improve flavor. Nutrients can be added to produce a balanced food product.
This document summarizes a patent for improvements in the manufacture of viscose. Specifically, it describes an apparatus that uses a rotating perforated plate and roller to break up lumps of cellulose xanthate in a slurry with caustic soda solution. The lumps are deposited on the plate and squeezed through the perforations by the roller to more finely divide the cellulose xanthate. This facilitates faster dissolution and yields viscose free of lumps. Diagrams of the apparatus are provided showing its components and operation.
This document describes a device for rapidly braking two-stroke internal combustion engines that can operate in reversible directions. The device uses two contact breakers associated with different rotational directions. When the ignition switch is changed to the opposite direction, one contact breaker will open shortly before top dead center to provide an ignition spark, braking the engine. This allows the starting motor to be reversed without heavy loading before the engine fully stops.
The document discusses the history and development of monochrome television. It provides details on:
1) The early demonstrations of television in the 1920s by Baird in the UK and Jenkins in the USA using mechanical scanning discs.
2) The key invention of the cathode ray tube (CRT) and camera tubes which allowed for electromagnetic scanning and led to the start of television broadcasts in 1935.
3) The emergence of three different monochrome television standards - 525 lines in the USA, 625 lines in Europe, and 819 lines in France - which later influenced the development of different color television systems.
The document summarizes the history and development of monochrome television. It discusses:
- The origins of the word "television" from Greek words meaning "to see from a distance."
- Early demonstrations of television in the 1920s by Baird in the UK and Jenkins in the USA using mechanical scanning discs.
- The development of the cathode ray tube and camera tubes, allowing for electromagnetic scanning and the start of television broadcasts in the 1930s.
- The emergence of three separate monochrome television standards - 525 lines in the US, 625 lines in Europe, and 819 lines in France - which later led to different color television systems.
AOS is an industry leader in diffractive optics design & manufacturing. We offer the best lens design, metrology, and extensive fabrication of diffractive optical elements with high precision and diffraction efficiency. Visit Us
This document describes a new technique for measuring thin film thickness in situ using ultrasonic Lamb waves. Lamb waves propagating through a silicon wafer are affected by the velocity of thin films deposited on the surface. Researchers developed a sensor system using piezoelectric transducers to excite and detect Lamb waves. By measuring the time of flight through the wafer, film thickness can be determined as it increases the propagation time. The sensor was demonstrated to measure aluminum film thickness with 100 Angstrom resolution in a sputtering system. The non-invasive acoustic method is compatible with various processing environments and film types.
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception during intervals in the guidance signals.
3. Synchronization signals embedded in the guidance signals are used to control switches that alternate the radio link between transmitting the guidance signals and receiving the control signals.
1) The document describes a method for protecting fire extinguishers from corrosion by applying a coating to the interior of the extinguisher body.
2) The coating is produced by mixing equal parts of distilled bitumen and air blown bitumen, heating the mixture, and applying it to the pre-heated interior walls of the extinguisher body.
3) The bitumen coating provides a durable, waterproof layer that prevents corrosion even if the metal body is bent, and remains effective over prolonged use.
This document describes a patent for an improved rear rifle sight. The sight has adjustable scales to show the position of the sighting aperture. The scales can be moved independently of the adjusting mechanism and locked into the zero position after the sight has been calibrated to the rifle. This allows the rifleman to accurately set the zero without having to mentally account for the offset introduced during calibration.
This patent document describes improvements to roll-film photographic cameras that allow for double exposures. Specifically, it describes a camera with a rotatable operating member that can selectively couple or uncouple the shutter winding and film transport mechanisms. It also includes a locking device that prevents movement of the shutter winding mechanism when the film transport mechanism is uncoupled after an incomplete film feed, addressing limitations of the prior design.
This document provides details of an injection molding machine, including:
- The machine uses tie rods to connect fixed and movable mold plates, with hydraulic cylinders to move the plates and inject material.
- It has a movable platen that supports a mold piece, and hydraulic pistons to move the platen towards a fixed platen holding the other mold piece.
- Additional hydraulic systems apply very high pressure to the movable platen for the final closing of the molds.
This patent document describes improvements to shaft bearings that provide lubrication regardless of motor position or rotation direction. The bearing features a journal sleeve and thrust members, with annular wicks that absorb lubricant and preload the thrust surfaces to prevent noise. Helical grooves in the shaft pump lubricant between the wicks to lubricate the journal and thrust surfaces, with means to return excess lubricant to ensure adequate supply in any conditions.
This document describes British patent GB780011 (A) for improvements to water softening devices. Specifically, it describes a water softening device that uses a cation exchange process and incorporates a cartridge containing the softening medium. The cartridge is detachably mounted to a frame-like structure that can be fixed to a wall. The device is designed to be lower cost than previous water softening equipment in order to be used in conjunction with water heaters.
This document describes a patent for improvements to food mixers. It discloses a mixer with an elongated spinner shaft that carries a spinner on one end and connects detachably to the power take-off of the mixer on the other end. A stationary guide receives and steadies the spinner shaft near the spinner to prevent whipping. The spinner shaft connects to the power take-off shaft through a longitudinally movable connector urged away by a spring to form a combined journal and thrust bearing and running seal.
1. The document describes a 1957 British patent for improvements to refrigerators relating to maintaining humidity in the food storage compartment.
2. It discloses a receptacle containing a water supply and heating element located in the food storage compartment to evaporate water and increase humidity.
3. The receptacle is periodically refilled using water from defrosting of the cooling unit, with various arrangements described for controlling the heating element to maintain a satisfactory degree of humidity.
This document describes a starting switch for internal combustion engines comprising electrical contacts in a housing and a rotor mounted in the housing. The rotor is operatively connected to an actuating shaft to close the contacts. A suction responsive ball is adapted to move to an effective position by engine suction to block rotation of the rotor and prevent closing of the contacts after the engine starts. The starting switch utilizes a spherical suction responsive member and provides initial positive actuation of the member to keep it from sticking, making the switch self-cleaning and unaffected by dirt or impurities.
This document describes a powder dispensing device that can be attached to a powder container like a detergent carton. The dispensing device has an inlet and outlet aperture and an internal zig-zag passageway. Powder passes through the passageway from the inlet to the outlet each time the container is tipped, dispensing a uniform amount of powder. The device is made of a material like cardboard and can be constructed from a single blank that is folded into shape.
This document describes improvements to measuring instruments and gauges patented by Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Company in 1957. It details an instrument that uses at least one semiconductor photojunction to measure the thickness of a specimen by projecting a light pattern and measuring changes in current flow through the junction as the distance between the light and junction interface is varied by the thickness of the inserted specimen. The instrument allows for very precise thickness measurements and has applications in measuring wafers and sheets.
This document is a patent application for an improved air or gas cooler. The cooler has tubes through which cooling water flows and over which compressed air or gas flows. Traditionally, secondary heat conducting surfaces like fins or discs along the full length of the tubes could accumulate oil or other contaminants near the inlet, requiring troublesome cleaning. The improved cooler has secondary surfaces only on the portion of each tube between the inlet baffle and outlet end, reducing accumulation in hard to clean areas near the inlet. The cooler uses baffles to direct airflow in a zigzag pattern over the finned tube sections for efficient cooling before the air exits through the outlet.
This document describes a 1957 patent for a metal piston with an applied porous organic material layer. The layer, which can be wood or synthetic resin-impregnated materials and is less than 2mm thick, addresses the disadvantage of other organic piston materials which have high expansion coefficients compared to metals. The layer allows for smooth running of the piston without the need for abundant lubrication, preventing contamination of working gases in applications like gas compressors and hot-gas engines. An example refrigerator piston is described with a 0.5mm wood layer applied to its displacer body, leaving a narrow gap for operation without piston rings.
This document describes a filtering liner that can be placed in the barrel of an extrusion machine. The liner has longitudinal grooves on its outer surface connected to its interior by holes. It filters out large plastic lumps and increases friction to further melt the plastic as it is forced through the small holes and along the grooves. The liner extends over at least one-third the distance between the die and furthest point of the screw or ram and helps efficiently heat and filter the plastic material before it exits through the die.
The document describes a method for producing edible food products from peanuts. The key steps involve cleaning peanut kernels to remove skins and foreign matter, pressing the kernels using an expeller process to extract oil while avoiding excessive heating, grinding the resulting cake into a fine powder, and roasting the powder to reagglomerate it into granules and improve flavor. Nutrients can be added to produce a balanced food product.
This document summarizes a patent for improvements in the manufacture of viscose. Specifically, it describes an apparatus that uses a rotating perforated plate and roller to break up lumps of cellulose xanthate in a slurry with caustic soda solution. The lumps are deposited on the plate and squeezed through the perforations by the roller to more finely divide the cellulose xanthate. This facilitates faster dissolution and yields viscose free of lumps. Diagrams of the apparatus are provided showing its components and operation.
This document describes a device for rapidly braking two-stroke internal combustion engines that can operate in reversible directions. The device uses two contact breakers associated with different rotational directions. When the ignition switch is changed to the opposite direction, one contact breaker will open shortly before top dead center to provide an ignition spark, braking the engine. This allows the starting motor to be reversed without heavy loading before the engine fully stops.
The document discusses the history and development of monochrome television. It provides details on:
1) The early demonstrations of television in the 1920s by Baird in the UK and Jenkins in the USA using mechanical scanning discs.
2) The key invention of the cathode ray tube (CRT) and camera tubes which allowed for electromagnetic scanning and led to the start of television broadcasts in 1935.
3) The emergence of three different monochrome television standards - 525 lines in the USA, 625 lines in Europe, and 819 lines in France - which later influenced the development of different color television systems.
The document summarizes the history and development of monochrome television. It discusses:
- The origins of the word "television" from Greek words meaning "to see from a distance."
- Early demonstrations of television in the 1920s by Baird in the UK and Jenkins in the USA using mechanical scanning discs.
- The development of the cathode ray tube and camera tubes, allowing for electromagnetic scanning and the start of television broadcasts in the 1930s.
- The emergence of three separate monochrome television standards - 525 lines in the US, 625 lines in Europe, and 819 lines in France - which later led to different color television systems.
AOS is an industry leader in diffractive optics design & manufacturing. We offer the best lens design, metrology, and extensive fabrication of diffractive optical elements with high precision and diffraction efficiency. Visit Us
This document describes a new technique for measuring thin film thickness in situ using ultrasonic Lamb waves. Lamb waves propagating through a silicon wafer are affected by the velocity of thin films deposited on the surface. Researchers developed a sensor system using piezoelectric transducers to excite and detect Lamb waves. By measuring the time of flight through the wafer, film thickness can be determined as it increases the propagation time. The sensor was demonstrated to measure aluminum film thickness with 100 Angstrom resolution in a sputtering system. The non-invasive acoustic method is compatible with various processing environments and film types.
The document discusses several types of specialized oscilloscopes:
1. Delayed time base oscilloscopes allow studying all parts of a pulse waveform by delaying the signal to the vertical plates. This ensures no part of the waveform is lost.
2. Analog storage oscilloscopes can retain an image for longer periods through mesh or phosphor storage techniques, allowing viewing of very low frequency waveforms.
3. Sampling oscilloscopes use a staircase-ramp generator to take samples that are displayed as the beam moves across the screen. Synchronization ensures sampling is timed with the input signal frequency.
4. Digital storage oscilloscopes digitize the input signal using an analog-to-
This document describes a patent for improvements to cinematographic film-traction apparatus. It includes two coupling devices that allow the film engaging member to move the film through the film gate in a step-by-step motion at a rate of 25 frames per second. This synchronization helps reduce blurring and incomplete lines that can occur during television transmission of motion picture films from the film gate. The coupling devices provide variable speed rotation to help precisely control the timing and movement of the film engaging member.
This document describes a patent for improvements to cinematographic film-traction apparatus. It includes two coupling devices that drive the film engaging member to move the film through the film gate in a step-by-step motion. The coupling devices are designed such that the driven member of each coupling device rotates at a speed that varies continuously between a maximum and minimum value. This allows the film engaging member to quickly replace one film frame in the gate with the next, reducing blurring in televised pictures.
This document describes a patent for improvements to cinematographic film-traction apparatus. It includes two coupling devices that drive the film engaging member to move the film through the film gate in a step-by-step motion. The coupling devices are designed such that the driven member of each coupling device rotates at a speed that varies continuously between a maximum and minimum value. This allows the film engaging member to quickly replace one film frame in the gate with the next, reducing blurring in televised pictures.
This presentation is focused on basic understanding of video signal generation and its electronic interpretation. Contents are taken from bible of television!
This presentation is dedicated to R R Gulati.
1) Fluoroscopy uses pulsed or continuous X-rays and a video camera system to generate real-time moving images of the internal structures of the body.
2) Early fluoroscopy used image intensifiers to convert X-rays to visible light images, while modern digital fluoroscopy uses flat panel detectors and pulse-progressive fluoroscopy to acquire images.
3) Automatic brightness control and magnification allow fluoroscopy units to maintain image brightness and zoom in on areas of interest, while advances in digital technology provide faster imaging, image storage, and lower radiation doses.
A 4x4 planar ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna array was developed for breast cancer detection using radar. The antenna array had a center frequency of 6 GHz and bandwidth of 12.5 GHz. Confocal imaging was performed on breast phantoms containing tumor and tissue mimicking materials. Three-dimensional breast tumor images were successfully reconstructed from the UWB radar return signals measured by the antenna array.
This document describes a two-way radio link system that uses a single carrier frequency for communication between a guided object (e.g. missile) and guiding source (e.g. aircraft). It allows the guidance transmitter and control receiver to operate during intervals when the control transmitter and guidance receiver are inactive, enabling multiple links to operate simultaneously with less interference. Switching is controlled by flip-flops to alternately activate the transmitters and receivers in each direction during short intervals.
1. This document describes a 1957 British patent for a two-way radio link between a guided object like a missile and a guiding source like an aircraft.
2. The radio link uses a single carrier frequency and allows transmission of guidance signals from the missile to the aircraft and control signals from the aircraft to the missile by switching between transmission and reception modes.
3. It does this by using synchronized switches to alternately activate the guidance transmitter in the missile and control receiver in the missile, and the control transmitter in the aircraft and guidance receiver in the aircraft, allowing two-way communication over a single frequency.
This document describes a two-way radio link system that uses a single carrier frequency for communication between a guided object (e.g. missile) and guiding source (e.g. aircraft). It allows the guidance transmitter and control receiver to operate during intervals when the control transmitter and guidance receiver are inactive, enabling multiple links to operate simultaneously with less interference. Switching is controlled by flip-flops to periodically activate the different transmitters and receivers in a synchronized manner using frame synchronization signals.
The document discusses potential design improvements for motion picture film projectors. It describes a new design for the intermittent mechanism called the Quickermittent, which uses a star wheel with curved slot profiles. This allows the indexing time to be reduced while maintaining control over acceleration and load forces. A reduced indexing time increases the amount of screen light during each frame. The document also discusses opportunities to improve the lamp house design to increase light efficiency and uniformity, providing benefits such as higher screen luminance.
The document summarizes the key components and parameters of fluoroscopy systems. It discusses the image intensifier, which converts x-ray photons into light photons and uses electrodes to focus electrons onto an output screen. Parameters like conversion coefficient, brightness uniformity, and spatial resolution are described. It also covers the image intensifier's connection to a TV system using cameras like vidicons or CCDs, and how this produces a video signal to display fluoroscopy images on a monitor in real-time.
This document discusses fundamental concepts in digital video. It begins by explaining the differences between analog and digital video, and how digital video allows for direct access and repeated recording without quality degradation. It then examines various digital video standards including CCIR 601, CIF, and QCIF. It provides details on chroma subsampling ratios and how they reduce data requirements. The document also covers high-definition television standards and aims to increase the visual field rather than definition per unit area.
This document describes a patent for an improved design for plate shears. Key features include:
- The cutting edges of the shear arms are surface ground along their entire length for a clean cut.
- A screw connects the two arms, with its head journaled in a conical bearing socket in one arm. This provides guided movement for easy operation under stress.
- The screw is screwed directly into the other arm, with an optional lock nut. The conical bearing socket consists of bearing metal for smooth operation.
Сытник В. С. Основы расчета и анализа точности геодезических измерений в стро...Иван Иванов
В книге изложены вопросы теории и практики расчета, бценки
и анализа точности геодезических измерений, выполняемых при
возведении промышленных, жилых и общественных зданий й\цн-
женериых сооружений. На основе существующих в теории вероят^~—-
ностей
математической статистики и ошибок измерений рассмат
риваются методы расчета необходимой и достаточной точности гео
дезических измерений
применительно к определенным стадиям
строительно-монтажных работ и конструктивным решениям зданий
и сооружений. Значительное внимание уделено анализу точности
результатов геодезических измерений
Poialkova v.m. -_lifter-akademiia_(2007)Иван Иванов
The document is illegible as it contains random characters and symbols with no discernible words, sentences or meaning. It appears to be gibberish with no real information that can be summarized.
This document provides an introduction to a master's thesis that analyzes the legal and commercial issues in EU-Russia relations in the context of sanctions policy. It outlines the goals and structure of the thesis. The thesis will examine EU-Russia relations before and after sanctions were imposed in 2014 over Ukraine, the legal framework around the sanctions, and their impact on trade. It will also explore ways to optimize EU-Russia relations going forward. The introduction establishes that relations between the EU and Russia are an ongoing issue that significantly impacts international politics and economics.
Заковряшин А. И. Конструирование РЭА с учетом особенностей эксплуатацииИван Иванов
Показана роль конструкторского проектирования в обеспечении эффективности технического обслуживания РЭА по фактическому состоянию. В книге
взаимосвязанно решаются вопросы обеспечения ремонто- и контролепригодности
при конструировании РЭА. Ремонтопригодность рассматривается лак решающи”
фактор обеспечения эффективности применения аппаратуры. Область значений
конструктивных показателей РЭА определяется как результат решения задачи
оптимизации заданного качества функционирования.
The document provides guidance for directors of music in senior high schools on producing effective musical programs. It discusses various types of programs, considerations for program building such as attention, contrast and continuity. Organization, administration, publicity, programs/tickets, staging, lighting, costuming and other elements are covered. Experimental research was conducted, including visits to Radio City Music Hall and small theaters, to study professional practices.
1) Adolph W. Berkner of Cayuga, North Dakota invented an improved elevator bucket design.
2) Berkner's elevator bucket has a yieldingly supported bottom plate that can open under excessive weight to prevent overloading, and automatically closes when the weight reaches a predetermined amount to deliver accurate amounts.
3) The bottom plate is flexibly supported by a leather or metal strip attached to the top edge and backed by a metal strip, and is held closed by an arcuate leaf spring.
This document describes a process for producing hydrocarbon drying oils through the polymerization of butadiene and styrene monomers in the presence of sodium catalyst. It discusses conducting the reaction in a reactor, then treating the product solution with an organic acid to convert the sodium into a filterable salt. The process aims to improve upon large-scale production by continuously feeding reagents to a reactor while removing the polymerized product, and pre-treating make-up materials to improve reaction efficiency.
This document describes improvements to a carbonating apparatus for producing aerated water. It details a conventional carbonator design and issues with maintaining proper carbonation levels and water temperature. The invention aims to address these issues by wrapping the carbonating chamber in helical coils of pipes, with one pipe carrying water and the other a refrigerant. This design cools the chamber directly to maintain carbonation levels while reducing operating pressures and refrigeration needs.
This document describes a patent for an electrolysis process to produce bromine and iodine from aqueous electrolytes. It involves feeding fresh electrolyte into the electrochemically neutral zone between the anolyte and catholyte in an electrolytic cell. This keeps the position of the neutral zone stable without needing a diaphragm. Magnesium or calcium salts can be added to precipitate their insoluble hydroxides and improve current efficiency. Examples are provided testing the process with different electrolyte compositions.
1. * GB780066 (A)
Description: GB780066 (A) ? 1957-07-31
Process and apparatus for the photographic recording on a film of televised
images from a cathode ray tube
Description of GB780066 (A)
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DE959111 (C) FR1101179 (A)
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
PATENT SPECIFICATION
780,066 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec. 9,
1953.
Application made in Germany on Dec. 9, 1952.
Complete Specification Published: July 31, 1957.
No. 34246/53.
index at acceptance:-Class 40(3), F(2B1:5B:6K).
International Classification':-H04n.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Process and Apparatus for the Photographic Recording on a Film of
Televised Images From a Cathode Ray Tube We, SIEMmmS & HALSIE
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT of 4 Wittelsbacherplatz, Munich 2, Germany, a
Company organised and existing under the laws of the German Federal
Republic, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be
2. performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to methods and apparatus for recording
televised images produced by a cathode-ray tube on to unexposed motion
picture film.
Hitherto in some proposed methods for the production of television
recordings on film the televised images were delineated on a screen of
the cathode-ray tube in half-sean pictures by the interlaced raster
20scanning process, the film being moved continuously at a constant
speed past the screen of the tube. The individual lines of each
televised image are in this case exposed obliquely one after the other
on a film. Difficulties have been encountered in this process with the
resolving powers of the photographic layer on the film which
considerably limit the potentialities of the process in choice of
recording apparatus and of film material.
Regarding this question, several more detailed points should be noted
which influence the choice of film format, i.e., the choice between 35
mm. film and the smaller 16 mm. film. The resolving power of each
photographic layer corresponds to 80 lines per mm. In the television
system in Great Britain 405 lines are registered per raster but in
Western 40European television systems 625 lines per raster are
registered and in these latter systems having such a line scanning
process, 25 rasters per second or x 625=50,625 lines per second are
produced. With a film speed of 475 mm.
[Price 3/6] per second in the case of standard film, this results in
approximately 33 lines per mm. In the case of standard film therefore
the resolving power of 80 lines per mm. of photographic layer is
largely50 sufficient. In the case of smaller films, e.g., 16 mm. films
however, the film speed is 19 mm. per second which gives approximately
82 lines per mm. In this case therefore the resolving power of
photo-55 graphic layer corresponds more or less to the line interval.
In the above process however only a very short exposure period is
possible due to the continuous motion of the film. This again requires
pick-up 60 tubes which are free from after-glow and which due to the
necessity of employing in the flourescent layer phosphores which are
free from after-glow emit a light spectrum which is unsuited to
photo-65 graphy. For this reason, therefore, it has been necessary
heretofore to use negative films of high sensitivity, the resolving
powers of which are of an even lower order. 70 In recording systems
herein proposed, the continuous film motion is replaced by
intermittent motion. In this case it is of advantage to employ for
recording purposes a cathode-ray tube with a flourescent screen having
long after-glow whilst the film, preferably a reversed or positive
film, is provided with a coating, the resolving powers and spectral
3. sensitivity of which correspond to the after-glow rays80 from the
screen. Thus, one can utilise a greater after-glow period
corresponding to the period when the film is stationary and also
utilise flourescent screens with brighter phosphores. The desired
resolv-85 ing power of 80 lines is also obtained.
The correct spectral scale for the lightsensitive film coating is also
obtainable and the copying process may be dispensed with, although it
it is also possible to produce 90 FRae.-780,066 any desired number of
copies.
By employing the intermittent principle of film motion however,
difficulties are encountered with the shift period. Indeed, the film
would require to change position during the fly-back period, i.e., in
the extremely short time of approximately 1.2 m sec. Such a quick
movement cannot be obtained by conventional types of film shift
mechanisms.
An. object of the present invention is to provide processes and
apparatus by which the movement or shift period of the film may be
artificially protracted.
According to the invention, we provide for recording on an unexposed
motionpicture film television images displayed on a cathode-ray tube,
apparatus cornprising means to move the filmn intermittently and
through equal successive distances through a film exposure gate
located in the path of projection of each image from the tube, and
means to divert, delay, and reproduce selected images in predetermined
sequence to provide periods of time for film shift. the mnumber of
exposures on the film being arranged to correspond to the number of
images appearing in said cathode-ray.- tube, and the whole of each
television image being recorded.
Preferably, the image-interrupting means comprises variable light beam
deflection means in the path of each projected image occurring in a
first cathode-ray tube and adapted to pass selected images direct to
one side of a film exposure gate, and to pass other selected images on
to the screen of a television camera which is electrically coupled to
a second reproducing cathode-ray tube disposed to project reproduced
images to the other side of said film exposure gate, and synehronised
shutter means disposed in the path of the beam, each scanning
operation by the camera being delayed a time sufficient to allow the
resulting image in the reproducing tube to occur simultaneously with a
selected image in the 1'fst cathode-ray tube, thus providing one of a
succession of periods for filtm shift in the exposure gate.
According to an embodiment of.the invention, the entire television
equipment including the television cameras operates on the normal line
scanning principle, i.e., within 20 m. see. firstly the odd lines 1,
3, 5, 7 etc. are transmitted, and on return of the scanning spot (1.2
4. m see.) 60the intermediate lines 2, 4, 6, 8 are scanned.
These even lines are repeatedly picked up from the receiving tube and
transmitted by an optical and shutter system to an iconoscope, and in
this iconoscope are scanned once moire after a time lapse of 2-0 in
see. so tha in the final reproduction tube the ev-en lines will appear
sitmultaneouisly witlt the odd lines in the receiving tube. In this
case two repro-70 duction tubes ms? Ie utilised and the even and odd
lines s,, intriaced by the intermediary of a prim System that the
picture can be recorded friom this on the film.
Further details of the embodiment of 75 the irvention will ii,:x be
described, b)way of example, with reference to the accompanying drain
which shows a diarammiatic illuratiton of apparatus according to one
emoldimelnt of the 80 invention.
Referring to th- law-ring, the television eamera 1 and the anmplifier
2 produce on the screen a pidtlue reproducing tube 3 an interlaced
raster formed lby the line-85 scan principle. i.e.. the odd lines 1,
3. 5 are firstly scanned within 20 m see. and.
on completion of the fly-back interval of 1.2 m see. the even lines 2,
4. 6, 8 are scanned in the subsequent 20 m see. The 90 odd lines are
masked by the shutter 3a whilst the even lines are deflected into the
pick-up tube or ieocnoseope 5 via the optical systemrn 4. The mosaic
screen of the tube 5 is therelby irradieated and its95 seamning
operation is arranged to follow m see. later. The intelligence scanned
during this operation is fed to the reproduction tube 7 via the
amplifier 6. Thus the odd line scan in tube 3 and the even 100 line
scan in tube 7 now appear simultaneously, and at this. instant the
film 8 is available for exposure in the film gate 9.
The film earrier on to which the lightsensitive layer is deposited is
completely 105 transparent thus allowing the film to ba exposed from
both sides. The film gate 9 is adapted to receive images projected
intm it from both sides. The shifting of the film is effected bly a
claw arrangement 10, 110 and during the period of film shift the path
of the light to the film is cut off by the shutters 11 and 12, the
shutters 3a, 11 and 12 heine synehronised for this purpose. In this
apparatus it is essential 115 that the point imnages or transversals
are very accurately located in the film gate, and it also being
essential that the direction of line scan in tube 7 is so arranged to
be opposite to that in tube 3. 120
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