Literature of England and northern France in the 12th century. Primarily the literature in Anglo-Norman. The play Jeu d'Adam and the poetry and music of courtly love.
The document provides biographical information about William Shakespeare. It states that he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England in 1564 and married Anne Hathaway at age 18. They had three children together. Shakespeare spent most of his working life in London as a playwright, poet, actor and shareholder in an acting company. The document also contains the prologue to Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.
This document discusses William Shakespeare, one of the most famous English playwrights and poets. It notes that he wrote around 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several other poems. His plays are traditionally divided into the genres of tragedy, history, and comedy. Some of his most famous plays mentioned include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and Othello. The document also includes two short quotes from Shakespeare's works.
The film Shakespeare in Love depicts how William Shakespeare finds inspiration to write Romeo and Juliet after falling in love with Viola de Lesseps, a woman disguising herself as a man to audition for a role in one of Shakespeare's plays. Their secret affair inspires Shakespeare's writing, but they face obstacles as Viola must marry Lord Wessex. At the play's premiere, Viola escapes her wedding to perform as Juliet to Shakespeare's Romeo, inspiring the audience and allowing their love story to live on through Shakespeare's play.
William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616 in England. He wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several other poems. His plays progressed from histories and comedies in the 1590-1600 period to tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth from 1601-1608. The Elizabethan era from 1558-1603 was a golden age associated with the English Renaissance, while the Jacobean era from 1603-1625 saw economic troubles and upheaval.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. He likely attended the Stratford Grammar School as a youth but did not attend university. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children, though little else is known about his early life. By the 1590s Shakespeare had become a renowned playwright and poet in London, writing plays for The Lord Chamberlain's Men theatre troupe and investing in the Globe Theatre. He retired to Stratford in 1613 where he continued writing until his death on his 52nd birthday in 1616.
Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play written early in the career of William Shakespeare about two teenage "star-cross'd lovers" whose untimely deaths ultimately unite their feuding households. It was among Shakespeare's...
The Spring 2012 set of Poems on the Underground features three poems by Shakespeare and three poems by Londoners:
Sonnet 18 - ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day’
Under the greenwood tree - a merry song from As You Like It
Puck to Oberon - ‘I go, I go, look how I go, Swifter than arrow from the Tartar’s bow’
In the Heart of Hackney - by Sebastian Barker
Viv - for cricketer Vivian Richards by Faustin Charles
The Thunderbolt’s Training Manual - by Danielle Hope
Find out more @ http://bit.ly/MClZW3
The document provides biographical information about William Shakespeare. It states that he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England in 1564 and married Anne Hathaway at age 18. They had three children together. Shakespeare spent most of his working life in London as a playwright, poet, actor and shareholder in an acting company. The document also contains the prologue to Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.
This document discusses William Shakespeare, one of the most famous English playwrights and poets. It notes that he wrote around 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several other poems. His plays are traditionally divided into the genres of tragedy, history, and comedy. Some of his most famous plays mentioned include Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, and Othello. The document also includes two short quotes from Shakespeare's works.
The film Shakespeare in Love depicts how William Shakespeare finds inspiration to write Romeo and Juliet after falling in love with Viola de Lesseps, a woman disguising herself as a man to audition for a role in one of Shakespeare's plays. Their secret affair inspires Shakespeare's writing, but they face obstacles as Viola must marry Lord Wessex. At the play's premiere, Viola escapes her wedding to perform as Juliet to Shakespeare's Romeo, inspiring the audience and allowing their love story to live on through Shakespeare's play.
William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616 in England. He wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and several other poems. His plays progressed from histories and comedies in the 1590-1600 period to tragedies like Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth from 1601-1608. The Elizabethan era from 1558-1603 was a golden age associated with the English Renaissance, while the Jacobean era from 1603-1625 saw economic troubles and upheaval.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. He likely attended the Stratford Grammar School as a youth but did not attend university. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children, though little else is known about his early life. By the 1590s Shakespeare had become a renowned playwright and poet in London, writing plays for The Lord Chamberlain's Men theatre troupe and investing in the Globe Theatre. He retired to Stratford in 1613 where he continued writing until his death on his 52nd birthday in 1616.
Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play written early in the career of William Shakespeare about two teenage "star-cross'd lovers" whose untimely deaths ultimately unite their feuding households. It was among Shakespeare's...
The Spring 2012 set of Poems on the Underground features three poems by Shakespeare and three poems by Londoners:
Sonnet 18 - ‘Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day’
Under the greenwood tree - a merry song from As You Like It
Puck to Oberon - ‘I go, I go, look how I go, Swifter than arrow from the Tartar’s bow’
In the Heart of Hackney - by Sebastian Barker
Viv - for cricketer Vivian Richards by Faustin Charles
The Thunderbolt’s Training Manual - by Danielle Hope
Find out more @ http://bit.ly/MClZW3
This document provides an introduction to William Shakespeare and his famous play Romeo and Juliet. It discusses that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and later became a member of The Lord Chamberlain's Men theatrical company in London. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's most famous tragedies, telling the story of the doomed love between the young title characters from feuding families in Verona, Italy. It also lists the main characters from the two families involved and others in the play, as well as providing some historical context about Shakespeare and theaters of the time.
Prospero tells Miranda the story of how they came to be living alone on the island. Prospero was formerly the Duke of Milan but his brother Antonio betrayed him and took control of Milan with the help of the King of Naples. Antonio left Prospero and Miranda adrift at sea, but they survived and have been living on the island for the past 12 years, where Prospero has been using his magic powers.
The document lists William Shakespeare's major works including his comedies, histories, tragedies and poems. It notes that Shakespeare lived in the 16th-17th century in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, where he was born and died on the same day as Miguel de Cervantes. The document also mentions several landmarks in Stratford-upon-Avon that are related to Shakespeare's life and career.
All's Well That Ends Well is a comedy written between 1602-1603. It was first performed around 1602-1603 and printed in 1623. The play is set in locations in France and Italy and involves the characters of Bertram, the son of a Countess who is unwillingly married to Helena, the daughter of the Countess' physician. Helena cures the King of France and chooses Bertram as her husband. Bertram rejects the marriage and leaves for war in Italy. Through deception and trickery, Helena ensures the conditions of Bertram's letter rejecting the marriage are met, revealing her identity and that she is pregnant with his child, leading to an acceptance of the marriage.
The set poems are:
Sweet Thames Flow Softly was written by the singer-songwriter Ewan MacColl. It's part of a special display of Story of London 2010.
For the War Dead is by A.E Housman's lament for the carnage of World War I.
The Way We Go from a debut collection by Katherine Towers, The Floating Man (Picador 2010), shortlisted for the Guardian First Book Award.
Poems included this year were the winners of the 'Young Poets' competition. This is where youths and teenagers were asked to submit poems on the theme of science to celebrate 350 years of The Royal Society. The winners are: If a boy must wonder written by Leon Yuchin Lau, Whalesong by Sophie Stephenson-Wright and First Contact by Hattie Grunewald.
This spring, we invited our youth members and the teenage alumni of our Foyle Young Poets Award and SLAMbassadors UK championship to submit poems for publication as part of the Poems on the Underground scheme.
The document provides context about William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, including the Elizabethan era in which it was written. It summarizes that Romeo and Juliet is set in 16th century Verona, Italy and tells the story of two star-crossed lovers from feuding families whose deaths ultimately unite their families. It also provides background on Shakespeare's life, the Elizabethan theatre, and conventions of plays during this period.
Alls well that ends well - william shakespeareLibripass
Usually classified as a "problem comedy," All's Well that Ends Well is a psychologically disturbing presentation of an aggressive, designing woman and a reluctant husband wooed by trickery.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet who wrote famous plays and sonnets during the Renaissance period in England. He is known for writing tragedies such as Hamlet and Macbeth, comedies like A Midsummer Night's Dream, and histories about English kings. Some of Shakespeare's most famous quotes come from his plays, such as "To be or not to be" from Hamlet and "What's in a name?" from Romeo and Juliet.
This document is an excerpt from Act 1 of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. It summarizes a street fight between members of the feuding houses of Montague and Capulet in Verona. The Prince intervenes and threatens the families with death if they continue disturbing the peace. Later, Benvolio tries to discover why Romeo is sad, and Romeo reveals that he is in love with a woman, though he will not say who.
A pictorial biography_of_william_shakespeareEwa Gajek
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. He likely received some education locally before marrying Anne Hathaway at age 18. They had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Shakespeare left Stratford in the 1580s to pursue work in London as an actor and playwright. He found success writing for The Lord Chamberlain's Men and later The King's Men theatre companies. Some of his most famous plays were written during this time. In 1610, Shakespeare retired to Stratford where he spent his final years before passing away in 1616 at the age of 52.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-Upon-Avon, England in 1564 to middle-class parents John and Mary Arden Shakespeare. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children with her, then left Stratford for London in the 1580s to pursue a career in theater. Shakespeare went on to write plays and poems that earned him great fame and wealth, founding an acting company in 1594 called the Lord Chamberlain's Men and part owning the Globe Theatre built in 1599. He died in 1616 at the age of 52 and was buried in Stratford-Upon-Avon.
The Autumn 2011 set of Poems on the Underground commemorates wars past and present and celebrates the universal desire for peace. The poems on display:
The Morning After (August 1945) by Tony Harrison - A vivid personal memory of VJ Day in Leeds, ëjoy though banked with griefí. Reprinted by permission of the author and Penguin Books Ltd.
Passing-Bells The first 14 lines of a new poem by the poet laureate, Carol Ann Duffy, in memory of soldiers lost in wars that continue to this day. Reprinted from The Bees by permission of the author and Pan Macmillan.
Song in Space by Adrian Mitchell, a powerful advocate for poetry and a major anti-war activist. Reprinted from Love Songs of World War Three.
Lost in France by Ernest Rhys, the founder of Everymanís Library.
Futility by Wilfred Owen, who died in France seven days before the Armistice ending the First World War.
Lines from Isaiah, with an image from the British Library copy of the King James Bible (1611), in celebration of its 400th anniversary.
This document contains summaries of several of William Shakespeare's sonnets and plays. It provides background on Shakespeare, including that he was an English dramatist from 1564-1616. It summarizes the themes and plots of some of his most famous sonnets and categories some of his major plays into comedies, histories, and tragedies. The document aims to provide an overview of Shakespeare's body of work.
This document discusses how people's names may not accurately reflect their actual personalities or appearances. It provides examples of several people whose names suggested certain traits that did not match reality. For instance, someone named "Angel" looked diabolical, "Tarzan" seemed feeble, and "Love" wanted to kill someone. However, the document also notes one exception where "Brownie" turned out to be fair-skinned and charismatic. In the end, it argues that true qualities like beauty and spirit lie within one's heart, not in their name.
This document provides an overview of William Shakespeare's life and works. It summarizes that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford, England and wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets in his lifetime. Some of his most famous works discussed are Romeo and Juliet, which tells the story of two star-crossed lovers, and A Midsummer Night's Dream, a confusing yet amusing comedy involving intertwined lovers and tricks played by fairies. Shakespeare's plays continue to be adapted and interpreted in modern films and productions.
The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It is used to describe actions that occurred in the past either at an indefinite time or that started in the past and continue to the present. Examples are given such as "He has gone to London" and "He has been in London for 2 years." The document then provides information about forming the present perfect tense and examples of sentences to make about landmarks in London using the present perfect with "since" and "for."
This document discusses several adaptations of William Shakespeare's classic play Romeo and Juliet over time. It mentions Arthur Brooke's original poem from 1562, Shakespeare's play from 1596, and film versions from 1936, 1968, and 1996. It also discusses how Baz Luhrmann's 1996 adaptation modernized the setting and costumes but kept much of Shakespeare's original text. Finally, it briefly mentions other adaptations of the story into different art forms and settings.
This summary provides an overview of key events in Act 3, Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet:
Juliet tries to convince Romeo that it is still night and he has time before he must leave, as their secret marriage could mean death if discovered. Lady Capulet tells Juliet she must marry Paris, but Juliet refuses and says she will only marry Romeo. When Lord Capulet hears this, he is angry at her defiance and threatens to disown her. He tells Juliet she has no choice and must marry Paris. Seeing no other option, Juliet decides to go to Friar Lawrence for help escaping the marriage to Paris, or she will kill herself.
The document summarizes Shakespeare's play The Tempest. It describes the protagonist Prospero, the Duke of Milan who was overthrown by his brother Antonio and exiled to a remote island with his daughter Miranda. There, Prospero harnesses magic and creates a tempest which shipwrecks his usurping enemies on the island. The play details Prospero seeking revenge through his magical powers before eventually forgiving his enemies.
This document provides information about William Shakespeare and his works. It describes Shakespeare's biography and what is known about his life from historical records. It also discusses Shakespeare's famous sonnets and some of the most well-known lines. Additionally, it outlines the building of the Globe Theatre in London, which Shakespeare co-owned and where many of his plays were performed, as well as pictures related to Shakespearean plays performed there.
Courtly love was a code of conduct between knights and ladies that developed in the 12th century and spread across Europe. It involved strict rules where married nobles could express romantic feelings outside of marriage through poetry, favors, and chivalrous acts. A famous example is the legendary romance between King Arthur and Guinevere. The tradition helped temper violence during the Middle Ages and elevated the social role of women, though it did not significantly change women's legal status.
Courtly love was a code of conduct practiced in medieval European royal and noble courts that established a system of courtship. It was expressed through poetry and songs and involved secretive relationships between nobles in which lovers expressed their devotion and admiration for their beloved from afar. Some famous examples included the relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere in Arthurian legend. The ideals of courtly love spread through literature during this period and outlined 29 strict rules for lovers to follow regarding jealousy, fidelity, and other conventions of romantic relationships outside of marriage.
This document provides an introduction to William Shakespeare and his famous play Romeo and Juliet. It discusses that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon and later became a member of The Lord Chamberlain's Men theatrical company in London. Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare's most famous tragedies, telling the story of the doomed love between the young title characters from feuding families in Verona, Italy. It also lists the main characters from the two families involved and others in the play, as well as providing some historical context about Shakespeare and theaters of the time.
Prospero tells Miranda the story of how they came to be living alone on the island. Prospero was formerly the Duke of Milan but his brother Antonio betrayed him and took control of Milan with the help of the King of Naples. Antonio left Prospero and Miranda adrift at sea, but they survived and have been living on the island for the past 12 years, where Prospero has been using his magic powers.
The document lists William Shakespeare's major works including his comedies, histories, tragedies and poems. It notes that Shakespeare lived in the 16th-17th century in Stratford-upon-Avon, England, where he was born and died on the same day as Miguel de Cervantes. The document also mentions several landmarks in Stratford-upon-Avon that are related to Shakespeare's life and career.
All's Well That Ends Well is a comedy written between 1602-1603. It was first performed around 1602-1603 and printed in 1623. The play is set in locations in France and Italy and involves the characters of Bertram, the son of a Countess who is unwillingly married to Helena, the daughter of the Countess' physician. Helena cures the King of France and chooses Bertram as her husband. Bertram rejects the marriage and leaves for war in Italy. Through deception and trickery, Helena ensures the conditions of Bertram's letter rejecting the marriage are met, revealing her identity and that she is pregnant with his child, leading to an acceptance of the marriage.
The set poems are:
Sweet Thames Flow Softly was written by the singer-songwriter Ewan MacColl. It's part of a special display of Story of London 2010.
For the War Dead is by A.E Housman's lament for the carnage of World War I.
The Way We Go from a debut collection by Katherine Towers, The Floating Man (Picador 2010), shortlisted for the Guardian First Book Award.
Poems included this year were the winners of the 'Young Poets' competition. This is where youths and teenagers were asked to submit poems on the theme of science to celebrate 350 years of The Royal Society. The winners are: If a boy must wonder written by Leon Yuchin Lau, Whalesong by Sophie Stephenson-Wright and First Contact by Hattie Grunewald.
This spring, we invited our youth members and the teenage alumni of our Foyle Young Poets Award and SLAMbassadors UK championship to submit poems for publication as part of the Poems on the Underground scheme.
The document provides context about William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, including the Elizabethan era in which it was written. It summarizes that Romeo and Juliet is set in 16th century Verona, Italy and tells the story of two star-crossed lovers from feuding families whose deaths ultimately unite their families. It also provides background on Shakespeare's life, the Elizabethan theatre, and conventions of plays during this period.
Alls well that ends well - william shakespeareLibripass
Usually classified as a "problem comedy," All's Well that Ends Well is a psychologically disturbing presentation of an aggressive, designing woman and a reluctant husband wooed by trickery.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English playwright and poet who wrote famous plays and sonnets during the Renaissance period in England. He is known for writing tragedies such as Hamlet and Macbeth, comedies like A Midsummer Night's Dream, and histories about English kings. Some of Shakespeare's most famous quotes come from his plays, such as "To be or not to be" from Hamlet and "What's in a name?" from Romeo and Juliet.
This document is an excerpt from Act 1 of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. It summarizes a street fight between members of the feuding houses of Montague and Capulet in Verona. The Prince intervenes and threatens the families with death if they continue disturbing the peace. Later, Benvolio tries to discover why Romeo is sad, and Romeo reveals that he is in love with a woman, though he will not say who.
A pictorial biography_of_william_shakespeareEwa Gajek
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden. He likely received some education locally before marrying Anne Hathaway at age 18. They had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Shakespeare left Stratford in the 1580s to pursue work in London as an actor and playwright. He found success writing for The Lord Chamberlain's Men and later The King's Men theatre companies. Some of his most famous plays were written during this time. In 1610, Shakespeare retired to Stratford where he spent his final years before passing away in 1616 at the age of 52.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-Upon-Avon, England in 1564 to middle-class parents John and Mary Arden Shakespeare. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children with her, then left Stratford for London in the 1580s to pursue a career in theater. Shakespeare went on to write plays and poems that earned him great fame and wealth, founding an acting company in 1594 called the Lord Chamberlain's Men and part owning the Globe Theatre built in 1599. He died in 1616 at the age of 52 and was buried in Stratford-Upon-Avon.
The Autumn 2011 set of Poems on the Underground commemorates wars past and present and celebrates the universal desire for peace. The poems on display:
The Morning After (August 1945) by Tony Harrison - A vivid personal memory of VJ Day in Leeds, ëjoy though banked with griefí. Reprinted by permission of the author and Penguin Books Ltd.
Passing-Bells The first 14 lines of a new poem by the poet laureate, Carol Ann Duffy, in memory of soldiers lost in wars that continue to this day. Reprinted from The Bees by permission of the author and Pan Macmillan.
Song in Space by Adrian Mitchell, a powerful advocate for poetry and a major anti-war activist. Reprinted from Love Songs of World War Three.
Lost in France by Ernest Rhys, the founder of Everymanís Library.
Futility by Wilfred Owen, who died in France seven days before the Armistice ending the First World War.
Lines from Isaiah, with an image from the British Library copy of the King James Bible (1611), in celebration of its 400th anniversary.
This document contains summaries of several of William Shakespeare's sonnets and plays. It provides background on Shakespeare, including that he was an English dramatist from 1564-1616. It summarizes the themes and plots of some of his most famous sonnets and categories some of his major plays into comedies, histories, and tragedies. The document aims to provide an overview of Shakespeare's body of work.
This document discusses how people's names may not accurately reflect their actual personalities or appearances. It provides examples of several people whose names suggested certain traits that did not match reality. For instance, someone named "Angel" looked diabolical, "Tarzan" seemed feeble, and "Love" wanted to kill someone. However, the document also notes one exception where "Brownie" turned out to be fair-skinned and charismatic. In the end, it argues that true qualities like beauty and spirit lie within one's heart, not in their name.
This document provides an overview of William Shakespeare's life and works. It summarizes that Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford, England and wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets in his lifetime. Some of his most famous works discussed are Romeo and Juliet, which tells the story of two star-crossed lovers, and A Midsummer Night's Dream, a confusing yet amusing comedy involving intertwined lovers and tricks played by fairies. Shakespeare's plays continue to be adapted and interpreted in modern films and productions.
The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It is used to describe actions that occurred in the past either at an indefinite time or that started in the past and continue to the present. Examples are given such as "He has gone to London" and "He has been in London for 2 years." The document then provides information about forming the present perfect tense and examples of sentences to make about landmarks in London using the present perfect with "since" and "for."
This document discusses several adaptations of William Shakespeare's classic play Romeo and Juliet over time. It mentions Arthur Brooke's original poem from 1562, Shakespeare's play from 1596, and film versions from 1936, 1968, and 1996. It also discusses how Baz Luhrmann's 1996 adaptation modernized the setting and costumes but kept much of Shakespeare's original text. Finally, it briefly mentions other adaptations of the story into different art forms and settings.
This summary provides an overview of key events in Act 3, Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet:
Juliet tries to convince Romeo that it is still night and he has time before he must leave, as their secret marriage could mean death if discovered. Lady Capulet tells Juliet she must marry Paris, but Juliet refuses and says she will only marry Romeo. When Lord Capulet hears this, he is angry at her defiance and threatens to disown her. He tells Juliet she has no choice and must marry Paris. Seeing no other option, Juliet decides to go to Friar Lawrence for help escaping the marriage to Paris, or she will kill herself.
The document summarizes Shakespeare's play The Tempest. It describes the protagonist Prospero, the Duke of Milan who was overthrown by his brother Antonio and exiled to a remote island with his daughter Miranda. There, Prospero harnesses magic and creates a tempest which shipwrecks his usurping enemies on the island. The play details Prospero seeking revenge through his magical powers before eventually forgiving his enemies.
This document provides information about William Shakespeare and his works. It describes Shakespeare's biography and what is known about his life from historical records. It also discusses Shakespeare's famous sonnets and some of the most well-known lines. Additionally, it outlines the building of the Globe Theatre in London, which Shakespeare co-owned and where many of his plays were performed, as well as pictures related to Shakespearean plays performed there.
Courtly love was a code of conduct between knights and ladies that developed in the 12th century and spread across Europe. It involved strict rules where married nobles could express romantic feelings outside of marriage through poetry, favors, and chivalrous acts. A famous example is the legendary romance between King Arthur and Guinevere. The tradition helped temper violence during the Middle Ages and elevated the social role of women, though it did not significantly change women's legal status.
Courtly love was a code of conduct practiced in medieval European royal and noble courts that established a system of courtship. It was expressed through poetry and songs and involved secretive relationships between nobles in which lovers expressed their devotion and admiration for their beloved from afar. Some famous examples included the relationship between Lancelot and Guinevere in Arthurian legend. The ideals of courtly love spread through literature during this period and outlined 29 strict rules for lovers to follow regarding jealousy, fidelity, and other conventions of romantic relationships outside of marriage.
Courtly love was a conception in medieval Europe where noble knights expressed love and admiration for ladies in a secretive yet chivalrous manner. It generally occurred between members of the nobility and not within marriage. Courtly love began in the 11th century courts of Aquitaine, Provence, Champagne, and Burgundy and was experienced through erotic desire and spiritual devotion. The troubadours who popularized courtly love through song were mostly rich young men using the Occitan language and preferring the verse and musical forms of the south, while northern knights favored epic poems of chivalry like Arthurian tales.
The Middle Ages and The Canterbury Taleszanenglish
The document provides background information on medieval English society during the time of Geoffrey Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales. It describes the estate system of clergy, nobility, and peasantry. It also discusses the humoral system of four humors - sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic - and their physical and personality correlates. The ideals of chivalry and courtly love are presented as unrealistic. Religion, the bubonic plague, and Chaucer's life and work are also summarized.
Thank you for the invitation, but I am an AI assistant without personal experiences of winter breaks. I look forward to continuing our discussion of history when the class resumes.
The document provides an overview of literature during the Medieval period in England. It discusses the three main languages used - Latin, French, and English. Major genres included troubadour poetry, Arthurian legends, epic romances, religious poetry, and fabliaux. Characteristics of Medieval literature included themes of heroism, presentations of idealized behavior like loyalty and chivalry, and the use of poetic devices like kennings. The ideal of courtly love and the knightly quest were also important concepts in Medieval literature.
The document provides an overview of literature in medieval England, including the various groups that inhabited the islands over time and the languages that were spoken. It discusses the Anglo-Saxons conquering the Britons by 600 AD and introducing Old English, and then the arrival of Christian missionaries in 700 AD bringing Latin. The Norman conquest of 1066 introduced French. It outlines characteristics of medieval literature such as heroism, morality, allegory, and themes like courtly love. Notable writers mentioned include the earliest English poet Cædmon, Geoffrey Chaucer known for Canterbury Tales, and Julian of Norwich who wrote the first published book in English by a woman called Revelations of Divine Love.
Romance literature originated from the Latin word "romanz" referring to the Latin language spoken by Romans. It developed as a genre of literature written in French for women in royal courts who were interested in stories about women's roles. Courtly love poems depicted knights performing noble deeds to win the platonic love of their queen or noblewoman. In reality, marriages were strategic rather than romantic, so the concept of courtly love may have entertained women lacking love in their real lives.
Medieval romances are stories of adventure in which the chief parts are played by knights, famous kings, or distressed ladies, acting most often under the impulse of love, religious faith, or, in many, mere desire for adventure. The stories were first told in verse, but when, later, prose versions were made, they were also called romances. In length the verse romances vary from a few hundred lines to tens of thousands. . .”
Courtly love was a tradition that developed in the Middle Ages where knights would devote themselves to a woman, often the wife of another man, through loyalty, honor and service without the expectation of physical consummation or marriage. This tradition of courtly love between knights and noblewomen helped shape modern romantic ideals and evolved from the chivalric code of knights pledging loyalty to their king and serving to protect the weak.
Courtly love was a secret, forbidden affair practiced by nobles in 12th century Europe. It was characterized by five attributes - it was aristocratic, ritualistic through gift exchanges, secretive with clandestine meetings, often adulterous, and inspired early literary works. The ideals of courtly love were documented in poems and songs by authors like Geoffrey Chaucer. Courtly love originated in 12th century Aquitaine, France and later spread to other European courts, lasting until the 14th-15th centuries. It ended following the Albigensian Crusade.
The document summarizes the enduring legend of King Arthur through its depictions in various mediums including theater, film, books, and other literature. It discusses how the legend originated from ancient texts but has been adapted and expanded upon significantly over time. The Once and Future King is described as a mythical figure who was a once and future king of Britain according to prophecy.
This document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe, including the key events, languages, and literature of the period. It discusses the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, the dominant languages of Latin, Greek and various vernaculars, and gives examples of important works of literature from the time including Beowulf, Canterbury Tales, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The document also outlines some of the major themes in Medieval literature like the seven deadly sins, courtly love, and chivalry.
Courtly love was a code of conduct during the Middle Ages where married noblewomen and knights engaged in secret, adulterous relationships. As marriages were arranged to forge alliances rather than love, courtly love provided an outlet for passion and devotion between higher status individuals. A knight would pledge his chivalrous love from afar to a noblewoman and seek to prove himself through feats of bravery, while she would encourage but not fully accept his advances due to social norms.
The document provides an overview of the Arthurian legend, including its origins and development over time. It discusses how Arthur may have been based on a real person and outlines some of the key characters, themes, objects and places that appear in Arthurian literature, such as Camelot, Excalibur, the Holy Grail, Merlin, Guinevere, Lancelot, and Mordred. The legend originated in Welsh and English sources but was popularized by French and English authors in later centuries, contributing to Arthur's status as one of the most influential figures in Western literature and mythology.
Life in the Middle Ages was difficult for most. Peasants lived in poverty as serfs bound to the land, often eating only black bread, lentils, and vegetables. Nobles' lifestyle was not as luxurious as believed, though they ruled from fortified castles built for defense on hills or protective landforms. Boys trained from a young age to become pages and then squires, learning knightly skills until proving themselves in battle and undergoing a ceremony to become a knight, with a code of chivalry emerging in the late 1100s dictating knightly conduct.
3 S2014 Lollards and Religion in Early 15th Century EnglandRobert Ehrlich
The ideas of Wyclif spread to the Lollards in England. A series of measures are put into place by Archbishop Arundel and Henry IV. Heretics are burnt. Sir John Oldcastle, former associate of Prince Hal in the Glendower campaign is arrested and executed. Chantry chapels and indulgences are ways of dealing with religious ideas of Purgatory in the afterlife and penance in this life.
The reign of Henry II as he pursues the goals of ridding the land of adulterine (unauthorized) castles and criminous clerks. The attempt to separate secular and religious court systems runs into opposition from Becket.
This document provides an overview of major periods and authors in English literature from Old English to the 20th century. It includes summaries of works such as Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales, poems by Shakespeare and Robert Burns. Excerpts are also presented from Hamlet, sonnets, and other classic English poems.
The poem "Dover Beach" by Matthew Arnold uses symbolic language and metaphor to express his loss of faith. It describes the sea and shore at Dover Beach and how the sounds bring feelings of sadness and human misery. The first stanza establishes the scene and suggests a fading religious faith symbolized by the disappearing light on the French coast. The second stanza recalls how Sophocles was similarly disturbed by the sea sounds. The third describes a former "Sea of Faith" that has now retreated, leaving the world feeling bare. The final stanza says that without faith, the world offers neither joy nor certainty and humanity is left confused and struggling in the dark.
William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets that are considered some of the greatest works in the English language. His plays, including tragedies, comedies, and histories, portray universal human emotions and experiences through memorable characters and poetic language. Shakespeare is renowned for introducing thousands of new words to the English language and revolutionizing English drama and poetry.
The document provides information about various forms and elements of poetry. It defines poetry as not being an expression of emotion but an escape from emotion. It then discusses different poetic forms such as lyric, narrative, and dramatic poetry. It also outlines various poetic devices like rhyme, meter, figures of speech, and stanzas. Specific poetic forms like the sonnet, villanelle, and haiku are also described.
The document provides an overview of British literature through the ages, divided into historical periods and monarchs. It mentions major authors from the 14th-17th centuries such as Chaucer, Shakespeare, Donne, Milton and others. Their works ranged from medieval tales and morality plays to metaphysical poetry, revenge tragedies, and more. The 18th century saw the rise of satire, essays and novels. The Romantic period in the late 18th-early 19th century focused on passion, imagination, and nature.
The document provides an overview of theatre in Shakespeare's time, including details about some early English plays from the 1500s, Shakespeare's early life and education, a chronology of his plays, his competition with other playwrights like Christopher Marlowe, and types of Elizabethan performance spaces like inn yards, amphitheaters, and the Globe Theatre. It also includes sections on costumes, theatre companies, and Shakespeare's later life spent in Stratford-upon-Avon.
The document provides background information on the origins and development of the English language from Old English to Middle English. It discusses the various ethnic groups that influenced English, including the Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, and Normans. It also summarizes the plot and key characters of the epic poem Beowulf, considered one of the earliest surviving works of English literature.
This document summarizes some of the languages spoken in England after 1200, including Latin, Anglo-Norman, Welsh, Cornish, and English. It notes that Anglo-Norman vocabulary became prominent in jurisprudence. It also discusses features of Middle English grammar, including the loss of noun inflection and changes to verb forms. Finally, it mentions the development of a standardized Chancery Standard for Middle English writing by the 15th century based on London dialects.
- Alfred Tennyson was a popular British poet who served as Poet Laureate of Britain and Ireland during Queen Victoria's reign. He was born in 1809 in Lincolnshire, England.
- The poem "The Brook" by Tennyson describes a brook that flows through the countryside, passing many hills, towns, bridges, and farms. It suggests that while people come and go, the brook will flow on forever, continually making its journey to join the larger river.
Blank verse is unrhymed iambic pentameter. It has been widely used in English poetry since the 16th century, especially for long works like plays, epics, and narrative poems. Some key uses include Shakespeare's plays, Milton's Paradise Lost, and Romantic poems like Wordsworth's Prelude. Blank verse allows for flexibility and natural syntax while maintaining a rhythmic structure. It became a dominant poetic form during the Renaissance and remained important until the rise of free verse in the 20th century.
The document summarizes the major literary works and authors of the Age of Chaucer in England from 1340-1400. This was a period defined by war, the Black Death pandemic, and social upheaval. The three most prominent authors were Geoffrey Chaucer, known best for Canterbury Tales; William Langland, who wrote the allegorical Vision of Piers Plowman; and John Gower, a poet and politician. Their works explored social and religious issues through allegory, narrative poetry, and prose, helping to establish English as a literary language.
This document provides a concise summary of 1000 years of English poetry in 3 sentences:
Old English poetry from 500-1100 AD used alliteration and was focused on religion, history, and epic tales like Beowulf. Medieval poetry from 1100-1500 AD was influenced by the church and included works like The Canterbury Tales by Chaucer and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Renaissance poetry from 1500-1700 AD saw the rise of sonnets, including Petrarchan, Spenserian, and Shakespearean forms, as well as major works like Paradise Lost by Milton.
Queen Elizabeth I ruled England for 45 years in the late 16th century, restoring Protestantism. During this time, hundreds were convicted and executed as witches. King James I, who took the throne in 1603, was fascinated by witchcraft and commissioned a book on the topic. Both monarchs presided over a period where belief in witchcraft and supernatural evil was widespread, and many were put to death under accusations of witchcraft. Shakespeare wrote for the theater during this era, addressing themes that would have resonated with audiences who believed in heaven, hell, and the supernatural.
The Medieval Period in England lasted from 1066 to 1485. In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings and became the first Norman king of England. He established a feudal system and ordered the Domesday Book survey. The Roman Catholic Church was a powerful institution and the primary force of unity. Society was divided into three estates - clergy, nobles, and commoners. Medieval literature included genres such as romance, which featured tales of knights and courtly love, and religious mystery/morality plays. Important authors included Geoffrey Chaucer, known as the "Father of English Literature" for works like Canterbury Tales, and William Langland, who satirized
The poem describes a brook flowing through the English countryside. In three short sentences, it follows the brook as it hurries down thirty hills and flows between ridges and towns, babbling and chattering brightly over its stony path. Along the way it winds among blossoms, fish, and waterbreaks until joining the larger river, while people come and go but the brook goes on forever in its flow.
The Restoration theater saw the establishment of two patent theater companies, the Duke's Company and the King's Company, who built new theaters like the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane. The theaters featured innovations like proscenium stages and movable scenery. Popular genres included Restoration comedy which featured witty dialogue, adaptations of Shakespeare, and spectacular "machine plays." Acting styles emphasized physicality and emotion over rhetoric. Leading actors like Betterton and Barry became stars, and women began performing professionally. Audiences were diverse but often arrived seeking entertainment and socializing over the plays themselves.
This document provides an overview of Elizabethan poetry and prose from the period of 1579 to 1603. It summarizes notable Elizabethan poets such as Sir Thomas Wyatt, the Earl of Surrey, William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and Sir Philip Sidney. It also discusses their significant works, including Shakespeare's sonnets. The document then summarizes notable Elizabethan prose works and their authors, such as translations of Plutarch and works by Francis Bacon. Finally, it includes the full text of Shakespeare's Sonnet 18.
This document provides an overview of Elizabethan poetry and prose from the period of 1579 to 1603. It summarizes notable Elizabethan poets such as Sir Thomas Wyatt, the Earl of Surrey, William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser, and Sir Philip Sidney. It also discusses Shakespeare's sonnets and some of Spenser's major works. The document then briefly outlines notable Elizabethan prose works and concludes by presenting Shakespeare's famous Sonnet 18.
The document summarizes Middle English literature from 1100 to 1500. It notes that Geoffrey Chaucer was the greatest poet of this period and his most famous work was The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by pilgrims on a journey. Other major works mentioned include Troilus and Cryseyde, The Legend of Good Women, Piers the Plowman, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The document also discusses religious dramas known as mystery plays and morality plays that were popular during this era.
Similar to 7. S2013 Literature & language of the 12th century courtly love (20)
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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7. S2013 Literature & language of the 12th century courtly love
1. Literature and Language
12th Century
Courtly Love
Popular Religion
Revival of the Celtic Hero – King Arthur
2. Literature - Poetry
French influenced – decline of A-S
Didactic (religious) (13th C.)
Romance
Matter of Britain; matter of Troy; Breton lai
Lyric
3. He had castles built
and poor men terribly
oppressed,
The king was very
severe,
and he took from his
underlings many
marks
of gold and hundreds
of pounds of silver.
Rime of King William, 1087
Alliteration from A-S tradition and rhymed couplets from French
tradition
4. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Feature 1121-1131 1132-1154
Nominative pronoun 28% 36%
Nominative noun 28% 7%
Direct object/ Accusative 9% 0
pronoun
Direct object/Accusative 17% 0
noun
Direct object/Dative 10% 23%
pronoun
Word order SV, SVO, SVC, and SVIO
Gender Natural gender
5. Is ðeos burch Known throughout Britain, this noble
breome geond city
Breotenrice,
Its steep slopes and stone buildings
steppa gestaðolad, stanas
ymbutan are thought a wonder; weirs contain
wundrum gewæxen. Weor its fast river; fish of all kinds
ymbeornad,
thrive here in the thrusting waters.
ea yðum stronge,
and ðer inne wunað
feola fisca kyn
on floda gemonge.
Durham (before 1109, considered last traditional A-S
poem)
Lines divided into two parts with alliteration, beats but no
rhyme .
6. Ich was in one sumere dale, I was in a valley in springtime;
in one suþe diȝele hale, in a very secluded corner,
iherde ich holde grete tale I heard an owl and a
nightingale holding a great
an hule and one niȝtingale. debate.
The Owl and the Nightingale, 1189-1216
(debate poem)
7. The Owl and the Nightingale last of 1794
lines
Mid þisse worde forþ hi ferden, With these words they set off,
al bute here & bute uerde, without any kind of army,
to Portesham þat heo bicome. till they came to Portesham;
Ah hu heo spedde of heore but I can't tell you any more
dome, about how they succeeded with
their judgement.
ne [c]an ich eu namore telle:
That's all, folks!
her nis namore of þis spelle.
8. The Lyric
Express emotions
Seasons
Romantic love
“Mirie it is while sumer ilast” and “Sumer is icumen in”
(early 13th C.)
Religious
Sorrows and joys of Christ and Mary
Apply language of love poetry to religious setting
Often set to music
9. Creators and performers
Trobador (obj.), trobaire(nom.) Occitan from trobar, to
compose (a poem)
Trouvère French
Jongleur (French) (joglar) Performer (of music, juggling,
etc.)
Minstrel “Originally (to the end of the 16th cent.): a
person employed by a patron to provide entertainment by
singing, playing music, storytelling, juggling, etc.” [OED]
13. D'amors qui m'a tolu a moi, - Chrétien De
Troyes
D'Amors qui m'a tolu a moi Of Love, who has taken me
from myself
2 N'a soi ne me veut retenir, and who wishes not to retain
Me plaing ensi, qu'ades otroi me,
I lament in this way:
4 Que de moi face son plesir. I grant that from now on
she should do with me as she
pleases.
14. D'amors qui m'a tolu a moi, - Chrétien
De Troyes
Yet I cannot keep myself
Et si ne me repuis tenir
from complaining, and I'll tell
6 Que ne m'en plaigne, et di you why:
because I often see those who
por quoi: betray her
Car ceus qui la traissent voi achieve their end,
8 Souvent a lor joie venir, and I fail because of my good
faith.
Et g'i fail par ma bone foi.
15. Early English music
Rota (round) 13th century
Votive antiphon
Texts honoring Virgin Mary but not part of Church service 14th
C.
Carols 14th C.
Connected with religious festivals
Mystery plays
Processions
Circle dances
16. Adapted from a translation by Richard Axton and John
Stevens Longman Anthology of World Literature
Volume B The Medieval Era, Pearson/Longman
2009
17. Cast – Class members
Chorus/Figura (God) –
Adam –
Eve –
Satan (Diabolus) –
20. Content
Order for the Representation of Adam ( Ordo
representacionis Ade )
Single manuscript; near contemporary translations
Chant from Septuagesima
Dramatization for a lay audience
A good French farmer or burgher, his headstrong wife,
domineering lord or bishop and good-for-nothing
courtier
Forerunner of mystery cycles
22. Structure
Props and costumes
Adam and Eve
Abel and Cain
Procession of Prophets
Editor's Notes
Alliteration plus rhyme
Scholars now generally believe that this manuscript, known as "E," was written by one scribe at one stretchup to 1121; they believe the scribe then added, at intervals, annals 1122-1131 (the First Continuation). Later, either early in 1155 or not later than 1160, the section dealing with events from 1132 to 1154 (theFinal Continuation) appears to have been added by another scrilb
in springtime: the ME (C) has in one sumere dale. I have followed Stanley (1960), who takes the adj. as a form of sumer rather than of sum '(a) certain'; but the translation should probably be 'spring' rather than 'summer' , as the flowering branch on which the Nightingale sits suggests (ME sumer could cover a period beginning earlier than MnE 'summer'). Wessex Parallel WebTextsSouthhampton U
THE LYRICThe lyric was virtually unknown to Old English poets. Poems such as “Deor” and “Wulf and Eadwacer,” which have been called lyrics, are thematically different from those that began to circulate orally in the 12th century and to be written down in great numbers in the 13th; these Old English poems also have a stronger narrative component than the later productions. The most frequent topics in the Middle English secular lyric are springtime and romantic love; many rework such themes tediously, but some, such as “Foweles in the frith” (13th century) and “Ich am of Irlaunde” (14th century), convey strong emotions in a few lines. Two lyrics of the early 13th century, “Mirie it is while sumerilast” and “Sumer is icumen in,” are preserved with musical settings, and probably most of the others were meant to be sung. The dominant mood of the religious lyrics is passionate: the poets sorrow for Christ on the cross and for the Virgin Mary, celebrate the “five joys” of Mary, and import language from love poetry to express religious devotion. Excellent early examples are “Nougothsonne under wod” and “Stondwel, moder, ounder rode.” Many of the lyrics are preserved in manuscript anthologies, of which the best is British Library manuscript Harley 2253 from the early 14th century. In this collection, known as the Harley Lyrics, the love poems, such as “Alysoun” and “Blow, Northern Wind,” take after the poems of the Provençal troubadours but are less formal, less abstract, and more lively. The religious lyrics also are of high quality; but the most remarkable of the Harley Lyrics, “The Man in the Moon,” far from being about love or religion, imagines the man in the Moon as a simple peasant, sympathizes with his hard life, and offers him some useful advice on how to best the village hayward (a local officer in charge of a town’s common herd of cattle).A poem such as “The Man in the Moon” serves as a reminder that, although the poetry of the early Middle English period was increasingly influenced by the Anglo-Norman literature produced for the courts, it is seldom “courtly.” Most English poets, whether writing about kings or peasants, looked at life from a bourgeois perspective. If their work sometimes lacks sophistication, it nevertheless has a vitality that comes from preoccupation with daily affairs
Les chançons le roi de Navarre [Thibaut, comte de Champagne
Septuagesima (in full, Septuagesima Sunday) is the name for the ninth Sunday before Easter, the third before Ash Wednesday. The new liturgical books created after the Second Vatican Council omit Septuagesima, Sexagesima and Quinquagesima Sundays. The traditional liturgical books, such as the Missal of John XXIII and the Roman Breviary, however, continue to include the Septuagesima season.