Courtly love was a secret, forbidden affair practiced by nobles in 12th century Europe. It was characterized by five attributes - it was aristocratic, ritualistic through gift exchanges, secretive with clandestine meetings, often adulterous, and inspired early literary works. The ideals of courtly love were documented in poems and songs by authors like Geoffrey Chaucer. Courtly love originated in 12th century Aquitaine, France and later spread to other European courts, lasting until the 14th-15th centuries. It ended following the Albigensian Crusade.