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7. lvrm ch7 ukraine surf subdrainage-1 hr-
This document discusses various methods of drainage for surfaces and subsurface areas, including natural channel crossings using culverts or bridges, low-water crossings of meadows, outlets and inlets for ditches, leadoff ditches, switchbacks for steep grades, over-side drains, meadow crossings, addressing springs and wet areas using corduroy roads or underdrains, and using filter blankets. Proper drainage is important, as highlighted techniques can address surface and subsurface drainage needs on managed lands.
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7. lvrm ch7 ukraine surf subdrainage-1 hr-
- 1. SURFACE DRAINAGESURFACE DRAINAGE NaturalChannel CrossingsNatural Channel Crossings CulvertsCulverts Low-Water CrossingsLow-Water Crossings BridgesBridges Surface DrainageSurface Drainage Sub-Surface DrainageSub-Surface Drainage Meadow CrossingsMeadow Crossings
- 3. Photo: USDA ForestService
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- 64. Photo: Gordon RKeller
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Editor's Notes
- #4 Here we can see muddy water being collected in the road, concentrated, and flowing down wheel ruts in the road.
- #15 The crown in the center of the road devides the runoff and shortens the distance water needs to travel on the road surface. Crown roads are suitable for slippery conditions. Require the largest amount of disturbance (footprint) and are the most expensive to construct and maintain.
- #33 Leadouts are most common draining ditches along either insloped or crowned roads on low-sloping ground. They are commonly constructed with a dozer turning the ditch out into the surrounding slopes.