The document discusses the state of forest transportation networks in Ukraine. It notes that about 4,000 km of forest roads were constructed from 2007-2014, increasing the total length by 6%. However, this is still much less than European countries, which have 40-55 km of roads per 1,000 hectares compared to Ukraine's 7.7 km. The development of forest infrastructure is a government priority, but Ukraine still needs about 250,000 additional km of forest roads to reach European standards. The document outlines the stages and techniques for forest road construction in Ukraine.
The document discusses the state of forest roads in Serbia. It notes that Serbia has 2.25 million hectares of forested land, with about 64.7% classified as coppices and 27.5% as high forests. Forest roads are classified into primary (gravel or earth surfaced) and secondary (tractor trails) networks. The average density of primary forest roads is 7.23 m/ha in the largest public enterprise. Standards for design and construction of forest roads include minimum radii for curves, carriageway widths, slopes and passing places. Planning, design, construction and maintenance of forest roads follows set procedures but is impacted by a lack of forest road licensing and programs as well as insufficient funding and equipment.
This document discusses best practices for forest road engineering to minimize environmental impact. It provides information on calculating the optimal density of road networks based on total transport costs. The document also analyzes data on road network density in Macedonia over time, finding it has increased from 2.6 m/ha in 1966 to 13.43 m/ha in 2015. Additionally, it shares data on forest road length and density within different forest management units in Macedonia.
The document discusses forests and forest roads in Belarus. Pine, birch, spruce, alder, and aspen make up the majority of tree species in Belarusian forests, which cover 40% of the country. Over the past five years, Belarus has built 750 km of new forest roads as part of a government program to improve forest infrastructure, including ensuring visibility, proper transverse profiles, drainage, and engineering surveys of the land. Forests are one of Belarus's main natural resources.
The document discusses the state of forest roads in Serbia. It notes that Serbia has 2.25 million hectares of forested land, with about 64.7% classified as coppices and 27.5% as high forests. Forest roads are classified into primary (gravel or earth surfaced) and secondary (tractor trails) networks. The average density of primary forest roads is 7.23 m/ha in the largest public enterprise. Standards for design and construction of forest roads include minimum radii for curves, carriageway widths, slopes and passing places. Planning, design, construction and maintenance of forest roads follows set procedures but is impacted by a lack of forest road licensing and programs as well as insufficient funding and equipment.
This document discusses best practices for forest road engineering to minimize environmental impact. It provides information on calculating the optimal density of road networks based on total transport costs. The document also analyzes data on road network density in Macedonia over time, finding it has increased from 2.6 m/ha in 1966 to 13.43 m/ha in 2015. Additionally, it shares data on forest road length and density within different forest management units in Macedonia.
The document discusses forests and forest roads in Belarus. Pine, birch, spruce, alder, and aspen make up the majority of tree species in Belarusian forests, which cover 40% of the country. Over the past five years, Belarus has built 750 km of new forest roads as part of a government program to improve forest infrastructure, including ensuring visibility, proper transverse profiles, drainage, and engineering surveys of the land. Forests are one of Belarus's main natural resources.
This document discusses the environmental impacts of roads, including both positive and negative impacts. It outlines how roads can improve quality of life but also cause issues like water degradation, wildlife mortality from habitat fragmentation and vehicle collisions, invasion of exotic species, erosion, and pollution. The document provides examples of mitigation techniques like culverts, fish ladders, wildlife overpasses, and restoration efforts. It emphasizes the importance of considering environmental impacts and mitigation in all phases of road planning, design, construction, and maintenance.
11. environmentally sensitive maintenance and road closure smallRadmila Ustych
This document discusses environmentally sensitive road maintenance and closure. It outlines different styles of maintenance including routine, periodic, traditional, and environmentally sensitive maintenance. It emphasizes the importance of doing maintenance and lists various areas that require maintenance like the road surface, ditches, armoring, culverts, disposal areas, clearing, cut slopes, erosion control, and signing/safety. The document provides examples of different maintenance techniques and stresses developing a maintenance plan that identifies priorities, resources, and work sequence to properly care for the road system.
This document discusses various materials and techniques for unpaved road construction and maintenance including:
- Surfacing standards, soil and aggregate properties, aggregate design, soil stabilization, compaction, and quality control testing.
- Stabilizers and dust suppressants including cement, lime, asphalt and organic products.
- Aggregate surface design considerations for different traffic levels and soil bearing capacities.
- The importance of drainage, separation/reinforcement, compaction, and using local quarry materials followed by reclamation.
- Key factors for unpaved roads include soil and traffic analysis, selecting the proper standard, using suitable gradation and stabilization, quality control, and drainage.
The document discusses various erosion control methods including physical, vegetative, biotechnical methods and controlling gullies. The goals are to control water flow and restore the soil's ability to absorb water like a sponge. It also discusses developing an erosion control and revegetation plan, including assessing the site conditions, selecting appropriate plant species, implementing measures, and providing ongoing maintenance. The key is to minimize disturbance, control water flow, use local materials, cover areas quickly, and rehabilitate progressively.
This document discusses various methods for slope stabilization, including avoiding unstable areas, preventing instability through proper cut and fill slopes, and stabilizing existing slides. It covers the use of vegetation and drainage for prevention and stabilization, as well as structural approaches like gabions, retaining walls, reinforced fills, soil nails and anchors when stabilization is needed. The key messages are to use commonly stable slope angles, understand why failures occur, select the least costly effective stabilization measure, and ensure structures are founded on stable ground.
This document discusses various methods of drainage for surfaces and subsurface areas, including natural channel crossings using culverts or bridges, low-water crossings of meadows, outlets and inlets for ditches, leadoff ditches, switchbacks for steep grades, over-side drains, meadow crossings, addressing springs and wet areas using corduroy roads or underdrains, and using filter blankets. Proper drainage is important, as highlighted techniques can address surface and subsurface drainage needs on managed lands.
This document discusses the design and aspects of low-water crossings, which are fords or drifts used to cross waterways. It notes that low-water crossings should be considered where flows fluctuate, traffic is low, delays are acceptable, and the channel is broad and flat. The key aspects of design include ensuring structural capacity and hydraulic capacity for high and low flows, protecting the structure from scouring, providing traffic control and safety features, and selecting materials that are compatible with the site and allow for aquatic organism passage. Proper design is emphasized to avoid problems and keep the stream functioning well.
The document discusses natural drainage crossings and culverts, including issues like culvert failures, fish passage barriers, and climate change vulnerability. It also examines strategies to maintain stream ecosystem connectivity, accommodate floods and debris, and use techniques like stream simulation to design long-lasting crossings.
The document outlines the environmental analysis process that is required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for projects funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The 8-step process includes: 1) identifying the proposed action, 2) scoping potential issues and effects, 3) collecting data on factors that will be considered, 4) designing alternatives, 5) evaluating the effects of each alternative, 6) comparing the alternatives, 7) making a decision and getting public review, and 8) implementing and monitoring the chosen alternative. USAID developed procedures in 1975 to comply with NEPA, requiring identification and mitigation of environmental impacts before funding decisions are made.
This document discusses forest engineering training at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about the university's history and structure. It specifically focuses on training programs for forest road design, construction, and management. The training is multilevel, covering bachelor's, master's, and post-graduate levels. It emphasizes an environmentally responsible and comprehensive approach. Coursework includes subjects like forest road construction, transportation technology, and environmental issues. Practical training is also incorporated. The training aims to produce specialists qualified for forest engineering work involving road networks, planning, and construction.
This document discusses forest engineering training programs at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about:
- The university's history and accreditation as one of the oldest higher education institutions in Ukraine, established in 1874.
- Training programs in forest engineering at various levels (bachelor's, master's, post-graduate) with a focus on forest road design, construction and management.
- A multilevel and comprehensive approach to training that incorporates environmental protection principles and includes disciplines like forest transportation vehicles and practical projects.
- Examples of forest road network inspection, design, and tracking projects carried out by students in cooperation with forestry units.
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This document discusses the environmental impacts of roads, including both positive and negative impacts. It outlines how roads can improve quality of life but also cause issues like water degradation, wildlife mortality from habitat fragmentation and vehicle collisions, invasion of exotic species, erosion, and pollution. The document provides examples of mitigation techniques like culverts, fish ladders, wildlife overpasses, and restoration efforts. It emphasizes the importance of considering environmental impacts and mitigation in all phases of road planning, design, construction, and maintenance.
11. environmentally sensitive maintenance and road closure smallRadmila Ustych
This document discusses environmentally sensitive road maintenance and closure. It outlines different styles of maintenance including routine, periodic, traditional, and environmentally sensitive maintenance. It emphasizes the importance of doing maintenance and lists various areas that require maintenance like the road surface, ditches, armoring, culverts, disposal areas, clearing, cut slopes, erosion control, and signing/safety. The document provides examples of different maintenance techniques and stresses developing a maintenance plan that identifies priorities, resources, and work sequence to properly care for the road system.
This document discusses various materials and techniques for unpaved road construction and maintenance including:
- Surfacing standards, soil and aggregate properties, aggregate design, soil stabilization, compaction, and quality control testing.
- Stabilizers and dust suppressants including cement, lime, asphalt and organic products.
- Aggregate surface design considerations for different traffic levels and soil bearing capacities.
- The importance of drainage, separation/reinforcement, compaction, and using local quarry materials followed by reclamation.
- Key factors for unpaved roads include soil and traffic analysis, selecting the proper standard, using suitable gradation and stabilization, quality control, and drainage.
The document discusses various erosion control methods including physical, vegetative, biotechnical methods and controlling gullies. The goals are to control water flow and restore the soil's ability to absorb water like a sponge. It also discusses developing an erosion control and revegetation plan, including assessing the site conditions, selecting appropriate plant species, implementing measures, and providing ongoing maintenance. The key is to minimize disturbance, control water flow, use local materials, cover areas quickly, and rehabilitate progressively.
This document discusses various methods for slope stabilization, including avoiding unstable areas, preventing instability through proper cut and fill slopes, and stabilizing existing slides. It covers the use of vegetation and drainage for prevention and stabilization, as well as structural approaches like gabions, retaining walls, reinforced fills, soil nails and anchors when stabilization is needed. The key messages are to use commonly stable slope angles, understand why failures occur, select the least costly effective stabilization measure, and ensure structures are founded on stable ground.
This document discusses various methods of drainage for surfaces and subsurface areas, including natural channel crossings using culverts or bridges, low-water crossings of meadows, outlets and inlets for ditches, leadoff ditches, switchbacks for steep grades, over-side drains, meadow crossings, addressing springs and wet areas using corduroy roads or underdrains, and using filter blankets. Proper drainage is important, as highlighted techniques can address surface and subsurface drainage needs on managed lands.
This document discusses the design and aspects of low-water crossings, which are fords or drifts used to cross waterways. It notes that low-water crossings should be considered where flows fluctuate, traffic is low, delays are acceptable, and the channel is broad and flat. The key aspects of design include ensuring structural capacity and hydraulic capacity for high and low flows, protecting the structure from scouring, providing traffic control and safety features, and selecting materials that are compatible with the site and allow for aquatic organism passage. Proper design is emphasized to avoid problems and keep the stream functioning well.
The document discusses natural drainage crossings and culverts, including issues like culvert failures, fish passage barriers, and climate change vulnerability. It also examines strategies to maintain stream ecosystem connectivity, accommodate floods and debris, and use techniques like stream simulation to design long-lasting crossings.
The document outlines the environmental analysis process that is required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for projects funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The 8-step process includes: 1) identifying the proposed action, 2) scoping potential issues and effects, 3) collecting data on factors that will be considered, 4) designing alternatives, 5) evaluating the effects of each alternative, 6) comparing the alternatives, 7) making a decision and getting public review, and 8) implementing and monitoring the chosen alternative. USAID developed procedures in 1975 to comply with NEPA, requiring identification and mitigation of environmental impacts before funding decisions are made.
This document discusses forest engineering training at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about the university's history and structure. It specifically focuses on training programs for forest road design, construction, and management. The training is multilevel, covering bachelor's, master's, and post-graduate levels. It emphasizes an environmentally responsible and comprehensive approach. Coursework includes subjects like forest road construction, transportation technology, and environmental issues. Practical training is also incorporated. The training aims to produce specialists qualified for forest engineering work involving road networks, planning, and construction.
This document discusses forest engineering training programs at the Ukrainian National Forestry University. It provides details about:
- The university's history and accreditation as one of the oldest higher education institutions in Ukraine, established in 1874.
- Training programs in forest engineering at various levels (bachelor's, master's, post-graduate) with a focus on forest road design, construction and management.
- A multilevel and comprehensive approach to training that incorporates environmental protection principles and includes disciplines like forest transportation vehicles and practical projects.
- Examples of forest road network inspection, design, and tracking projects carried out by students in cooperation with forestry units.
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Mr. Brainwash ❤️ Beautiful Girl _ FRANK FLUEGEL GALERIE.pdfFrank Fluegel
Mr. Brainwash Beautiful Girl / Mixed Media / signed / Unique
Year: 2023
Format: 96,5 x 127 cm / 37.8 x 50 inch
Material: Fine Art Paper with hand-torn edges.
Method: Mixed Media, Stencil, Spray Paint.
Edition: Unique
Other: handsigned by Mr. Brainwash front and verso.
Beautiful Girl by Mr. Brainwash is a mixed media artwork on paper done in 2023. It is unique and of course signed by Mr. Brainwash. The picture is a tribute to his own most successful work of art, the Balloon Girl. In this new creation, however, the theme of the little girl is slightly modified.
In Mr. Brainwash’s mixed media artwork titled “Beautiful Girl,” we are presented with a captivating depiction of a little girl adorned in a summer dress, with two playful pigtails framing her face. The artwork exudes a sense of innocence and whimsy, as the girl is shown in a dreamy state, lifting one end of her skirt and looking down as if she were about to dance. Through the use of mixed media, Mr. Brainwash skillfully combines different artistic elements to create a visually striking composition. The vibrant colors and bold brushstrokes bring the artwork to life, evoking a sense of joy and happiness. The attention to detail in the girl’s expression and body language adds depth and character to the piece, allowing viewers to connect with the young protagonist on a personal and emotional level. “Beautiful Girl” is a testament to Mr. Brainwash’s unique artistic style, blending elements of street art, pop art, and contemporary art to create a visually captivating and emotionally resonant artwork.
The use of mixed media in “Beautiful Girl” adds an additional layer of complexity to the artwork. By combining different artistic techniques and materials, such as stencils, spray paint, and collage, Mr. Brainwash creates a dynamic and textured composition that grabs the viewer’s attention. The juxtaposition of different textures and patterns adds depth and visual interest to the piece, while also emphasizing the artist’s eclectic and experimental approach to art-making. The inclusion of collage elements, such as newspaper clippings and torn posters, further enhances the artwork’s urban and contemporary feel. Overall, “Beautiful Girl” is a visually captivating and thought-provoking artwork that showcases Mr. Brainwash’s talent for blending different artistic elements to create a truly unique and engaging piece.
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Pristaia english new скорочена регіональний симпозіум
1. Condition and strategy of development
of forest transportation network
in Ukraine
State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine
Dr. Oleksii PRYSTAIA
Member of the Board of the State
Forest Agency of Ukraine,,
Emeritus Builder of Ukraine
e-mail prystaia@gmail.com
Tel. + 38 (067) 3120894
2. About 4,000 km of forest roads were
constructed in 2007-2014, which increased
their total length is 6%
3. The solution to the problem of forest
infrastructure in Ukraine
One of the main problem of forestry of Ukraine’s
forestry is insufficiently developed forest infrastructure
Forest roads in UkraineForest roads in Austria
4. The construction of forest roads
• The total length of forest
roads in Ukraine is about 74
thousand km.
• The density of automobile
roads in Ukraine - 7.7 km
per 1 thousand ha.
• This is 5-7 times less than
the best European
indicators
• There are 40-55 km of roads
per one thousand ha in
Austria, Germany,
Switzerland, France
5. The development of forest infrastructure is a
priority of the government
• The need for construction of
forest roads in Ukraine makes
up about 250,000 km
• If you build a 3 thousand km of
forest roads in Ukraine every
year, the European indicators
level will be reached in 75 years
25. Forest roads in Finland The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison
26. Forest roads in Finland The yellow line on the slide with length of one
kilometer distance is for comparison
27. At the end of each forest road built in Finland there is a
"loop" for logging vehicles to turn
The yellow line on the slide
with length of one kilometer
distance is for comparison
37. A 7 km long forest road was built in 2007 at a height of
1500 m above sea level
Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of
one kilometer distance is for comparison
38. An 8 km long forest road built in 2007
Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of
one kilometer distance is for comparison
39. Part of built forest roads and
designed road route
Forest
roads in
Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length
of one kilometer distance is for
comparison
40. Construction of forest roads in Ukraine was
started in 2007
• 60 million USD was allocated from the budget
for building forest roads in 2007
• For the money in that year 204 km of paved
forest roads were built, including:
• - in The Carpathians -164 km
• - in Polissya - 40 km
41. State funded construction of forest roads
in Ukraine
• In 2007 – 60 mln. UAH .;
• In 2008 - 160 mln. UAH., including:
• - 70 mln. UAH - construction of forest roads;
• - 90 mln. UAH - restoration of forest roads
damaged by flood in the Carpathians;
• 2009 – No funds allocated from the budget;
• 2010 -10 mln. UAH - construction of fire-
prevention forest roads;
• 2011 -110 mln. UAH .;
• 2012 -2013 - No funds allocated from the budget
42. Stages of a forest road construction in the plains
43. Stages of a forest road construction on
marshes
44. Stages of a forest road construction in the
mountains
78. Soil "Sorting" during the roadbed
construction of the forest roads
Under the fertile soil or peat there is
always a layer of sand or clay
mineral soils, sometimes with
inclusions of stone, gravel.
So, we “change” fertile soil with mineral
layer and move the fertile layer (humus,
peat) into the ditch on the sides and
reserves, where from the mineral soil was
removed for the roadbed construction.
81. The fertile layer we move to the ditches, slopes and side
reserves, and the "mined" mineral soil we use to build the
roadbed.
This way is several times cheaper and faster than bringing
sand for the roadbed construction
83. We build the roadbed of sand, and move the peat to
the slopes, ditches and side reserves, where the sand
was extracted from.
84. When the thickness of the peat layer is over 0.5
meter and the groundwater level is high the
roadbed is built of imported sand, after the peat
has been removed.
Peat can be immediately loaded on trucks and transported. When the peat contains a lot
of moisture it can be stored in the right of way and removed after draining the moisture, or
can be flatten in the roadbed slopes, roadside ditches and reserves, where the material for
the roadbed has been taken from.
85. Examples of roadbed in the swamp built of imported
soil on the basis after the peat has been removed
86. During the roadbed construction "production standards" must be
observed and the correct slope should be shaped from the very
beginning
87. During the roadbed construction "production standards"
must be observed and the correct slope should be
shaped from the very beginning
127. Experimental model of geographic information system for
forest roads inventory
Created by UkrHirLis together with NLTUU and "Ukrderzhlisproekt" for State enterprise
"Tsumanske forestry" based on ArcQGIS. It is planned to use this model as a basis for
organizing the inventory of forest roads during forest management.
Involves the use of electronic maps of forest plantations, ortho photos, GIS database and
digital maps of forest roads, descriptive information of separate buildings and their photos
128. • In 2013 Ukraine achieved the rate of forest road
construction per unit of forest area that had been
maintained in Finland during the last 50 years,
leaving behind Russia in this issue even in
absolute terms.
• Achieved rates should be preserved and in future
we have to build at least 1,500 km of forest roads
annually
• We now have everything necessary for this -
knowledge, experience, equipment, technology,
work system, political will and ability to earn
money
129. Indexed plan of forest road construction in
accordance with harvested volume
• Planed volume of building roads by lisgosp`s:
– 2007 – 1 km for every 50 000 m3 harvested
– 2008 – 1 km for every 40 000 m3 harvested
– 2009 – 1 km for every 30 000 m3 harvested
– 2010 – 1 km for every 25 000 m3 harvested
– 2011 – 1 km for every 20 000 m3 harvested
– 2012 – 1 km for every 15 000 m3 harvested
– 2013 – 1 km for every 12 500 m3 harvested
– 2014 and later – 1 km for every 10 000 m3 harvested
130. Results
• From 2007 till 2014 , 3980 km of forest roads was
constructed in Ukraine, include:
– In 2011 was constructed - 440 km, among them:
• 100 km financed by State budget;
• 340 km financed by own money of lisgosp`s;
– In 2012 was constructed 942 km,
– In 2013 was constructed 1132 km,
– In 2014 was constructed 694 km, (doesn't fits a norm
because of war in Ukraine)
(in 2012 - 2014 all construction financed by own money of lisgosp`s)
130
131. Economic return
• Investments in forestry roads, built in
operational woods, as a rule returned from 3
to 5 years,
• In some cases these period was reduced to 1
year,
• In semi-operational woods economic return
counted not only by price but also with its
social and ecological advantages
132. 132
Thank you!
Prystaya Oleksiy Dmytrovych,
Member of the Board of the State Forest Agency of
Ukraine, Ph.D.,
Emeritus Builder of Ukraine
e-mail prystaia@gmail.com
Tel. + 38 (067) 3120894