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Gathering d Preparing
                G h i and P       i
                 Multimedia Elements

                         SOUND




Linda C. Morosko, 2008      The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

   Some pages may need sound, music, voice or audio
          p g     y             ,      ,
   effects
   These are saved as separate files and uploaded to
   the Web
   Sound can be recorded into the computer via a
   microphone and using a sound editing software
       Audacity is a great piece of audio editing software and it’s
       FREE!
       http://audacity.sourceforge.net/



Linda C. Morosko, 2008                    The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

   Voice recording
       Best done with a microphone directly into the computer
   Music
       Copy from CDs (watch for copyright infringement)
       Internet (MP3 files)
                (  3      )




Linda C. Morosko, 2008            The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

   Tools
       Audacity
           http://audacity.sourceforge.net/
       Sony Sound Forge
       RecordSound




Linda C. Morosko, 2008                    The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

  Challenge: cannot use continuous data in a digital
  medium
     di
  Instead – it is sampled
      Take a reading every so often
      Record the reading at that point




Linda C. Morosko, 2008               The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

    CD Sound
        Sampled at a rate of 44 kilohertz
          A sample of sound collected 44,000 per second
          Each sample contains 16 bits of information about the
          pitch and volume of the sound at that point in time

        Sound information is recorded as a number
          One number for each sample
                                   p
          This is called DIGITIZATION



Linda C. Morosko, 2008             The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

    Digitization
      g
        Each CD track is made up of long series of numbers

        These numbers are converted back into sound and
        played very fast (44,000 numbers per second)

        Voila! It sounds to your ear like the original
        performance.




Linda C. Morosko, 2008               The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

    Challenge: each track contains a huge number of
            g                          g
    numbers
            Average CD track takes up 25 MB.
            This
            Thi would take an hour or longer to send over the Web with a
                    ld t k     h      l      t     d      th W b ith
            56K modem
    Solution: Compress sound
                 p
        Use sound-editing software to compress the sound
        Amount of compression depends on audience
            High
            Hi h quality vs. d
                    lit      download ti
                                 l d time




Linda C. Morosko, 2008                    The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Sound

   In addition to choosing a file format ( p3, .wav) you
                         g               (.mp3,    )y
   need to choose a c0dec
       Codec: Stands for: compressor-decompressor
       Algorithm used to compress the sound fil
        l ih        d              h      d file
       You compress to send
       Viewers must decompress to listen

   This technique creates files which can be
   downloaded and saved to the viewer’s computer.
       What if you don’t want them to take the sound file?


Linda C. Morosko, 2008                The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Streaming Media

   That’s where streaming comes into play (pun intended)
                        g            p y p
       Downloading files requires bandwidth and time, hard drive
       space, and patience!
   Audio t
   A di streaming
              i
       Sound plays immediately
       Is transmitted to user continuously instead of in a single file
       Requires special server on the sender’s side and a user plug-in




Linda C. Morosko, 2008                The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
Streaming Media

   Web Streaming choices:
               g
       RealAudio
           http://www.real.com/

       QuickTime
           http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/

       Windows Media Player
           http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/player/11/de
           fault.aspx




Linda C. Morosko, 2008                The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel

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7 2 Preparing The Elements Audio

  • 1. Gathering d Preparing G h i and P i Multimedia Elements SOUND Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 2. Sound Some pages may need sound, music, voice or audio p g y , , effects These are saved as separate files and uploaded to the Web Sound can be recorded into the computer via a microphone and using a sound editing software Audacity is a great piece of audio editing software and it’s FREE! http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 3. Sound Voice recording Best done with a microphone directly into the computer Music Copy from CDs (watch for copyright infringement) Internet (MP3 files) ( 3 ) Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 4. Sound Tools Audacity http://audacity.sourceforge.net/ Sony Sound Forge RecordSound Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 5. Sound Challenge: cannot use continuous data in a digital medium di Instead – it is sampled Take a reading every so often Record the reading at that point Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 6. Sound CD Sound Sampled at a rate of 44 kilohertz A sample of sound collected 44,000 per second Each sample contains 16 bits of information about the pitch and volume of the sound at that point in time Sound information is recorded as a number One number for each sample p This is called DIGITIZATION Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 7. Sound Digitization g Each CD track is made up of long series of numbers These numbers are converted back into sound and played very fast (44,000 numbers per second) Voila! It sounds to your ear like the original performance. Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 8. Sound Challenge: each track contains a huge number of g g numbers Average CD track takes up 25 MB. This Thi would take an hour or longer to send over the Web with a ld t k h l t d th W b ith 56K modem Solution: Compress sound p Use sound-editing software to compress the sound Amount of compression depends on audience High Hi h quality vs. d lit download ti l d time Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 9. Sound In addition to choosing a file format ( p3, .wav) you g (.mp3, )y need to choose a c0dec Codec: Stands for: compressor-decompressor Algorithm used to compress the sound fil l ih d h d file You compress to send Viewers must decompress to listen This technique creates files which can be downloaded and saved to the viewer’s computer. What if you don’t want them to take the sound file? Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 10. Streaming Media That’s where streaming comes into play (pun intended) g p y p Downloading files requires bandwidth and time, hard drive space, and patience! Audio t A di streaming i Sound plays immediately Is transmitted to user continuously instead of in a single file Requires special server on the sender’s side and a user plug-in Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel
  • 11. Streaming Media Web Streaming choices: g RealAudio http://www.real.com/ QuickTime http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/ Windows Media Player http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/player/11/de fault.aspx Linda C. Morosko, 2008 The Web Wizard’s Guide to Web Design, James G. Lengel