This document discusses the place of poetry in English literature. It outlines several objectives related to developing an understanding of poetry such as understanding different poetry genres, linguistic devices, and stanza types. Several definitions of poetry are provided that emphasize poetry's use of language to instruct and please readers as well as express powerful emotions. The document also discusses various poetic forms, devices used in poetry like imagery and rhyme, and types of stanzas.

2. 
PRESENTED BY
GHAZANFAR ALI
SUBJECT SPECIALIST (ENGLISH)
QAED ( FORMER GOVT.COLLEGE FOR ELEMENTARY
TEACHERS) NAROWAL
UNIT NO.3
PLACE OF POETRY IN
ENGLISH LITERATURE

3. 
 The objectives of this chapter are to enable you to:
 Develop an understanding about genre of poetry

 Get an understanding about different types of poetry

 Attain information about various linguistic devices

 Acquire knowledge about kinds of Stanza

 Create rhythm of poetic language and music.
OBJECTIVES

4. 
 Wordsworth defined poetry as "the spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings".
 Samuel Johnson says: “The end of writing is to
instruct; the end of poetry is to instruct by pleasing”.
 Robert Frost defines says: “A poem begins with a
lump in the throat, a home-sickness or a love-
sickness. It is a reaching-out toward expression; an
effort to find fulfillment. A complete poem is one
where the emotion has found its thought and the
thought has found the words."
Poetry has remained popular form of literary
convention, therefore is often referred to as the
“crown of literature”.

5. 
Images
words
rhythm
meter
punctuation
couplets
stanzas
Poetry has….

6. 
 Poetry is composed by embedding the themes into
various specific lines called stanzas, that has various
kinds according to the needs of poetry.
 Stanzas could have following elements:
 couplet = a two line stanza Example:
 "You still shall live, such virtue hath my pen,
 triplet = a three line stanza
 quintet = a five line stanza
 sestet = a six line stanza
 septet = a seven line stanza
 octave = an eight line stanza
Stanza

7. 
 RHYTHM
 music be use of language in a defamiliar manner.
 the stress and unstressed patters.
 Rhythm that can be created by meter, rhyme and alliteration.
 METER
 a combination of stressed and unstressed syllables
 meter is created when the stressed and unstressed syllables in
the words of a poem are arranged in the pattern of repetition.
 RHYME
 Words that sounds similar owing to same ending vowel and
consonant sounds. For example:
 "SKY and HIGH” and “FLY and DIE”
In Poetry sound effects is
created by:

8. 
 FREE VERSE
No fixed rhyming scheme
 Words have no particular rhythm
 Does not have a stable pattern of stress and unstress
syllable.
 Sentence structure varies with variation of themes
 RHYMING VERSE
 incorporates rhythm
 includes rhyme
 can use pattern schemes
 can inculcate structure
POEMS CAN BE IN VARIOUS FORMS LIKE

9. 
 Narrative
 It is a type of poem narrating a story in a narrative
style with meter and regular rhyme scheme in an
objective manner.
 Sonnet
 A poem having fourteen line verse form with a
specified rhyming scheme and structure according to
its type
Lyric
A kind of poem utilized to exhibit a poet’s subjectivity
with depiction of his/her inner feelings, emotion,
passions, and ideology.

10. 
 Blank Verse
 unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.
 Robert Frost, “Birches”
 John Milton, “Paradise Lost”
 Free Verse
 unrhymed lines without regular rhythm.
 Walt Whitman, “The Last Invocation”
 William Carlos Williams, “Rain,” “The Dance”
Ode
Elaborate lyric verse which deals seriously with a
dignified theme. John Keats, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”

11. 
 Dramatic Monologue
 A lyric poem in which the speaker tells an audience about
a dramatic Moment in his/her life and, in doing so,
reveals his/her character.
 Robert Browning, “My Last Duchess”
 Elegy
 A poem of lament, meditating on the death of an
individual.
 W. H. Auden, “In Memory of W. B. Yeats” John Milton,
“Lycidas”
Epic
A long, dignified narrative poem which gives the
account of a hero important to his nation or race.
Lord Byron, “Don Juan” John Milton, “Paradise Lost”
Homer, “The Iliad,” “The Odyssey”

12. 
 Idyll
 Idyll is literary poem that expresses the life of the
shepherd in pastoral, natural, bucolic and idealistic terms.
 Example
 Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “Idylls of the King” William
Wordsworth, “The Solitary Reaper
 Haiku
 Originated from Japanese poetry, it is a verse form in
three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, usually
depicting a delicate image.
 Example
 Matsuo Basko, The lightning flashes!
Ballad
Ballad is simple and narrative poem that narrates a
story to be sung or recited. William Butler Yeats,
“The Fiddler of Dooney”

13. 
 Poets convey meaning through specific literary devices; let us
now call them “poetic devices”
 Alliteration
 Rhyme
 Rhythm
 Sound
 Diction
 Hyperbole
 Imagery
 Irony
 Metaphor
 Simile
Limerick
Limerick is a humorous poem depicting a nonsense-verse in five
anapestic lines rhyming aabba, a-lines being trimeter and b-lines dimeter

14. 

15. 
 POETIC DEVICES
 Allusion: Allusion is the historical reference to a place, a person
or thing. Example

 Assonance: It shows the repetition of a vowel sound in a
phrase, clause or a sentence.
 Example

 blend: Combination of the sounds represented by two or more
letters in pronunciation of a word, such as “gr” in grow;
 Combination of two words to make a new word. Example
 Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch
Alliteration in poetry means the repetition of the
consonant sounds. Example: Seven silly seamen were
seeking seashells on the seashore.

16. 
 Diction – the poet’s choice of words. The language of
poetry is sometimes different from the language of
everyday life. The poet chooses each word carefully so
that both its meaning and sound contribute to the tone
and feeling of the poem. Poetic diction is the term used to
refer to the style, vocabulary, and the metaphors used in
poetry.
 Figurative meaning: An emblematic meaning embedded
in the work of literary creation.

 Genre: A recognized category of artistic composition of
work of literature that includes: Poetry
 Prose Drama Novel
Concrete image: Words that refer to senses like touch,
sight, hearing, smell and taste. These senses create
mental images or pictures in the mind of readers. to the
senses hen a speaker or writer uses words

17. 
 Idiom: Group of words that that gives meaning as a whole rather
than separate words. Here grammatical rules do not strictly apply.
 Example: A bone of contention. To kick the bucket.
 Imagery: Use of words in such way that create image or picture in
the mind of the reader.
 Example Rainbow, soft snow
 Imagery is language and words that appeals to any of the five
senses. The five senses are:
 Sight taste sound
 Touch smell
Hyperbole: Hyperbole is a figure of speech which shows intentional
exaggeration in ordinary matters.Example
Enough food for feeding the whole army.
These books weigh a ton. (These books are heavy.)
I could sleep for a year. (I could sleep for a long time.)

18. 
 Literal meaning: The actual or dictionary meaning of
a word or a phrase.
 Metaphor: It is a figure of speech that uses a
comparison between two distinct objects. Example
 Ali is a lion.
 Saim is the moon.
 Onomatopoeia: These are words that sound like
their suggested meanings, Example
 Ouch Oh! Hurrah! Hiss
Irony: The contrast between expected and intended
meaning where the words spoken have opposite to
intentions with objective to create fun.

19. 
 Personification: A figure speech bestowing human
qualities to inanimate objects. Examples:
 Books Talk, Walls listen.
 Pun: The use of words in literature that indicate
double meaning with similar words or sounds
showing distinct meanings; a play on words.
 Example
 Do you live by church? No, I live by music.
Parody: The work of art including literary or musical
work, where style of an author is closely imitated
aiming for comic effect or intention of ridiculing.

20. 
 Rhyme: Rhyme is very important in poetic diction. It is the
repetition of a similar word or similar sound pronunciation or
sounds in every line of a poem.
 Example :song and long
 hope and cope
 Satire: Satire is a literary technique that ridicules the ideas,
norms, attitudes or powerful institutions for the aim of
improving the condition of people in a society.

 Simile: Simile is a literary technique that shows a comparison
between two different things using the words “as” or “like”.
 Example
 she’s as clever as a fox.
Repetition: Repetition is the use of a word,
phrase or clause more than once in a short
passage emphasizing its significance.

21. 
 Speaker– the narrator or the voice of the poem that
is the person who is talking to us. The speaker is
NOT necessarily the poet. The poet often invents a
speaker for the poem who is called the “persona”. So
a persona is a character created by the poet to narrate
the poem
 Symbol – is the use of images to represent reality. In
Robert Frost poem “Road Not Taken”, the “road” is
a symbol of life’s choices.
 Syntax – the way poet organises words, phrases and
clauses and arranges word order to convey meaning.
Theme: It represents the idea or thought on which the writing basis itself.
The topic under discussion in a work of art is known as theme. Example:
Love for Nature is a prominent theme in William Wordsworth’s poetry.

22. 

23. 