600L MBBS Radiology TUTORIAL 2022.pptx
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This document outlines various ultrasound findings related to abdominal and breast conditions. It discusses pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis intestinalis, and pneumobilia, which are medical conditions involving gas in the abdominal cavity or intestines. The document describes their causes and provides ultrasound and imaging examples. It also outlines ultrasound findings and images relating to conditions of the biliary system, kidneys, appendicitis, pregnancy, fibroadenoma, and breast cancer. Throughout, it supplements the text with labeled ultrasound images and diagrams to illustrate normal and abnormal findings.
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- 1. OUTLINE • PNEUMOPERITONEUM • PNEUMATOSIS INTESTINALIS • PNEUMOBILIA ULTRASOUND: NORMAL & ABNORMAL FINDINGS BILIARY SYSTEM RENAL & URETERIC STONES HYDRONEPHROSIS & PYONEPHROSIS PERITONITIS
- 2. OUTLINE • APPENDICITIS • PREGNANCY • FIBROADENOMA • BREAST CA
- 3. PNEUMOPERITONEUM: aka aeroperitoneum It describes gas within the peritoneal cavity, often due to critical illness. • Etiology: Perforated hollow viscus Post op free intraperitoneal air Peritoneal dialysis Penetrating abdominal injury etc
- 4. Fig. 1: Normal plain abdominal x-ray(supine)
- 5. Fig. 2: PA chest & supine plain abdominal radiographs depicting pneumoperitoneum
- 6. Fig. 3:Coronal CE CT Abdomen showing pneumoperitoneum
- 7. PNEUMATOSIS INTESTINALIS: aka intramural bowel gas, refers to the clinical or radiological findings of gas within the wall of the bowel. Etiology: Benign causes: pulmonary dx, systemic dxs(scleroderma, lupus, AIDS), intestinal inflammation, iatrogenic/procedures, medications(steroids, lactulose, sorbitol) & organ transplantation. Life threatening: intestinal ischemia, obstruction, enteritis/colitis, toxic caustic ingestion, toxic megacolon, collagen vasc. dx
- 8. Fig. 4: Plain Abdominal x-ray (AP) & coronal CT Abdomen showing pneumatosis intestinalis
- 9. PNEUMOBILIA: aka aerobilia, is the accumulation of gas in the biliary tree. Etiology: Recent biliary instrumentation e.g ERCP Incompetent sphincter of Oddi Biliary-enteric surgical anastomosis e.g cholecystoenterostomy Spontaneous biliary-enteric fistula Infection- cholangitis, emphysematous cholecystits
- 10. Fig. 5: Plain abdominal x-ray & Axial Abdominal CT illustrating pneumobilia
- 11. Fig. 6: Diagram of hepatobiliary system
- 12. Fig. 7: Normal uss of the GB, CBD & PV
- 13. Fig. 8: Uss image of the liver showing choledocholithiasis with dilated biliary tree
- 14. Fig. 9: Uss of GB showing acute cholecystitis
- 15. Fig. 10: Uss images of normal kidneys
- 16. Fig. 11: Uss images of renal calculus
- 17. Fig. 12: Plain abdominal x-ray & NCE Abdominal CT showing ureteric stone
- 18. Fig. 13: Uss images depicting hydronephrosis
- 19. Fig. 14: Uss images showing pyonephrosis
- 20. Fig. 15: Uss images showing turbid & complex extraluminal fluid collection in peritonitis
- 21. Fig. 16: Axial CE Abdominal CT images showing peritonitis
- 22. Fig. 17: Uss images of normal appendix
- 23. Fig. 18: Uss images of acute appendicitis & perforated appendix
- 24. Fig. 19: Uss images of normal 1st trimester cyesis
- 25. Fig. 20: Uss images showing anembryonic gestation
- 26. Fig. 21: Uss images
- 27. Fig. 22: Uss images of placenta previa & fetus with hydrocephalus
- 28. Fig. 23: Normal breast uss
- 29. Fig. 24: Normal breast mammograms
- 30. Fig. 25: Breast mammograms depicting fibroadenoma
- 31. Fig. 26: Breast Uss images of fibroadenoma
- 32. Fig. 27: Breast Mammograms showing malignant calcifications
- 33. Fig. 28: Breast mammogram showing DCIS
- 34. Fig. 29 : Breast Uss images showing breast ca
- 35. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING