6 loss of height of one or more
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This document discusses loss of height or collapse of one or more vertebral bodies, which can be caused by several conditions. It provides 10 figures showing examples of vertebral body collapse or loss of height due to severe osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, tuberculous osteomyelitis, brucellosis, fracture, Scheuermann's disease, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, Morquio syndrome, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, sickle cell anemia, and osteogenesis imperfecta. Each figure illustrates the characteristic radiographic findings of vertebral body abnormalities associated with each condition.
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Presentation1, radiological imaging of developmental dysplasia of the hip joint.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is an abnormal development of the hip joint where the femoral head does not properly fit into the acetabulum. It is more common in females and with certain risk factors like breech presentation. Ultrasound is used to evaluate the hip in infants under 6 months by measuring angles like the alpha angle. Once the femoral epiphysis ossifies around 6 months, plain x-rays are used which analyze features like the acetabular angle and Shenton's line to diagnose DDH. DDH can lead to late complications like osteoarthritis if not treated properly.
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1) The document describes the MRI anatomy of the shoulder, highlighting key supporting structures like the rotator cuff muscles and tendons.
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2) Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta (high riding patella), and excessive lateralization of the tibial tuberosity are the most important factors predisposing to patellar instability. Trochlear dysplasia can be classified into types A through D based on the shape of the trochlear groove.
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This document provides an overview of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH), including its definition, risk factors, clinical exam techniques, ultrasound techniques and measurements, and case examples. Key points include:
- DDH is underdevelopment of the acetabular component of the hip joint, ranging from a shallow acetabulum to complete dislocation.
- Ultrasound is useful for evaluation up to 6 months of age, using coronal, transverse, and stress views to assess coverage, subluxation, and stability.
- Measurements like the alpha and beta angles and bony coverage index indicate dysplasia if outside normal ranges.
- Early diagnosis and treatment with techniques like the Pavlik harness can
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Legg Calve Perthes disease, also known as osteochondritis of the femoral capital epiphysis, is characterized by idiopathic avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head in young children, typically ages 4-8 years. It progresses through four stages - initial, fragmentation, reossification, and healed. Common symptoms include limping, hip or thigh pain, and limited range of motion. Imaging such as x-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI, and bone scans can detect signs like femoral head flattening, sclerosis, fragmentation, and joint effusion that correspond to the disease stages. While the cause is unknown, it is more common in boys and low socioeconomic groups.
Diagnostic Imaging of Pediatric Hip Lesions
This document discusses three common pediatric hip lesions:
1) Congenital hip dislocation, which occurs in neonates and infants and is diagnosed using ultrasound or x-rays to evaluate femoral head coverage and bone morphology.
2) Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, which causes osteonecrosis of the femoral head in school-aged children and is staged using x-rays or MRI to assess bone changes over time.
3) Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, which occurs in adolescents and is diagnosed on x-rays by a displaced femoral neck that no longer intersects the epiphysis.
Avascular necrosis of Hip Xray
1. Radiography is the first step in diagnosing avascular necrosis, though it has limitations in detecting early stages. Changes seen on radiography include osteoporosis, sclerosis, fractures, and joint space narrowing.
2. MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality and allows for accurate staging. Changes seen include band forms and double line signs.
3. Different imaging modalities show characteristics of avascular necrosis at various stages. SPECT may show cold spots while radiography shows fractures and joint damage at later stages. Proper staging guides treatment selection and monitoring of progression.
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Madelung deformity is an abnormality of the palmar ulnar part of the distal radial physis in which progressive ulnar and volar tilt develops at the distal radial articular surface, with dorsal subluxation of the distal ulna.
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Presentation1, radiological imaging of developmental dysplasia of the hip joint.
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This document contains 6 figures showing examples of generalized vertebral sclerosis seen on imaging studies. Figure 1 shows myelofibrosis with uniform sclerosis of the spine and pelvis. Figures 2A and 2B show osteoblastic metastases from prostate and breast cancers. Figure 3 demonstrates Paget's disease with a picture-frame vertebra. Figure 4 presents a case of osteopetrosis. Figure 5 is an example of fluorosis with diffuse vertebral sclerosis. Figure 6 depicts renal osteodystrophy with a "rugger jersey" appearance of the spine.
Diagnostic Imaging of Spondyloarthropathies
This document discusses spondyloarthropathies, specifically diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and ankylosing spondylitis. For DISH, it describes the typical incidence in the elderly and radiographic features of flowing osteophytes over four contiguous vertebrae with preserved disc height. For ankylosing spondylitis, it outlines the incidence of fusing the spine and sacroiliac joints in males, and radiographic features like sacroiliac joint erosions, sclerosis, and ankylosis as well as spinal findings like the shiny corner sign and syndesmophyte formation. MRI findings of sacroiliac joint edema and enhancement are also reviewed
Transient Osteoporosis of Hip
This document discusses transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) and differentiates it from avascular necrosis (AVN). TOH typically involves healthy middle-aged men and involves acute hip pain without trauma. MRI findings show bone marrow edema that resolves within 6-8 months. AVN is typically associated with corticosteroid use, alcoholism, or trauma and shows subchondral changes on MRI with sclerosis or collapse not seen in TOH. The document presents five case studies demonstrating the MRI findings of TOH, with bone marrow edema that resolved without sequelae such as sclerosis or collapse seen in AVN.
chronic pathological changes
Chronic degenerative changes in the spine can result in decreased mobility and fusion of vertebrae. This is due to progressive changes in the intervertebral discs and facet joints from acute and cumulative trauma. Multilevel degenerative changes and disc herniation can lead to spinal stenosis as the facet joints and osteophytes encroach on the spinal canal and foramina. Long periods of immobilization from spinal issues or injury can lead to significant atrophy of paraspinal muscles.
spine chronic pathological changes.
Chronic degenerative changes in the spine can result in decreased mobility and fusion of vertebrae. This is due to progressive changes in the intervertebral discs and facet joints from acute and cumulative trauma. Multilevel degenerative changes and disc herniation can lead to spinal stenosis as the facet joints and osteophytes encroach on the spinal canal and foramina. Long periods of immobilization from spinal issues or injury can lead to significant atrophy of paraspinal muscles.
2 lytic lesion of a vertebral body or
This document contains 8 figures showing examples of lytic lesions affecting the vertebral body or posterior elements seen on imaging studies. The figures demonstrate a variety of pathologies that can cause lytic lesions including osteoblastoma, hemangioma, aneurysmal bone cyst, giant cell tumor, echinococcosis, metastasis, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Differential diagnosis of lytic lesions is important for determining appropriate treatment.
Case record...Lumbar spondylosis
A 66-year-old male presented with non-specific lower back pain. MRI revealed disc degeneration including annular bulging and Schmorl's nodes in the upper lumbar spine. The diagnosis was lumbar spondylosis. Disc degeneration results from mechanical stress and age-related changes and can lead to annular tears, nuclear material changes, and instability. Later stages involve further disc resorption and replacement by fibrocartilage. Nerve fibers in the outer annulus can contribute to discogenic pain.
Imaging findings of metabolic bone diseases
This document discusses various metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, and others. It provides details on:
- The definition and causes of osteoporosis as well as how it leads to loss of horizontal trabecular bone.
- The differences between rickets, which affects growth plates, and osteomalacia, which affects mineralization of bone. Causes include vitamin D deficiency and other disorders.
- Features of various other metabolic bone diseases like hypophosphatasia, hyperparathyroidism, and their effects on bone structure and mineralization.
1 generalized vertebral osteoporosis
This document discusses and shows images of generalized vertebral osteoporosis seen in various conditions. It describes osteoporosis seen in aging, due to steroid use, Cushing's syndrome, multiple myeloma, sickle cell anemia, osteogenesis imperfecta, homocystinuria, and idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. The images demonstrate features such as thinning cortical margins, biconcave vertebral deformities, loss of trabeculae, compression fractures, and scoliosis associated with different types of osteoporosis.
7 narrowing of the intervertebral disk space and
This document discusses narrowing of the intervertebral disk space and adjacent sclerosis seen on clinical imaging. It provides 5 figures showing examples of different conditions that can cause these findings, including degenerative disk disease, pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis, Pseudomonas osteomyelitis, tuberculous osteomyelitis of the cervical spine, and neuroarthropathy. The figures demonstrate narrowing of the disk space and changes to the endplates and bone in the context of these various spinal conditions.
Spine disease e srs update version
This document provides an overview of common spinal diseases and abnormalities that can be evaluated radiologically. It describes the anatomy of the spine and then covers various conditions including spondylosis, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, infections like TB and spondylodiscitis, ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, scoliosis, vertebral hemangioma, multiple myeloma, bone metastases, hyperparathyroidism, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, achondroplasia, spina bifida, renal osteodystrophy, and cervical ribs. For each condition, it provides brief details on symptoms, radiological features, and characteristics visible on x-ray
3 osteosclerotic vertebral lesions
This document contains 9 figures showing different examples of osteosclerotic vertebral lesions on clinical imaging. The figures demonstrate a variety of conditions that can result in sclerotic changes in the vertebrae including osteoblastic metastases, Paget's disease, chronic osteomyelitis, osteoid osteoma, mastocytosis, osteopoikilosis, melorheostosis, congenital stippled epiphyses, and tuberous sclerosis. Each figure is labeled with the corresponding condition and includes a brief caption.
Cervical spondylosis
Spondylosis is common and worsens with age. This condition is often used to describe degenerative arthritis (osteoarthritis) of the spine.
Presentation1, radiological film reading of the hip joint.
This radiology report summarizes MRI findings related to avascular necrosis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Various grades of avascular necrosis are shown through multiple MRI sequences and images of different patients. Features include bone marrow edema, subchondral fractures, joint effusions and femoral head collapse. Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is also demonstrated through flattened, fragmented and laterally extruded femoral heads in pediatric patients. Staging of both conditions is discussed.
Ct spine fractures ppt
Three sentence summary:
This document discusses various types of spinal injuries and their appearances on CT imaging. It describes craniocervical injuries like Jefferson fractures and odontoid fractures. For thoracolumbar injuries, it outlines the AOSpine classification system including compression, burst, translation and distraction injuries. Key CT features are presented to identify and characterize spinal fractures and ligamentous injuries.
Case record...Spinal multiple sclerosis
This document discusses a case of spinal multiple sclerosis in a 40-year-old patient. MRI images show well-defined pencil-shaped lesions occupying 2-3 spinal segments that are hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Diffuse abnormalities are also seen as poorly demarcated hyperintense regions on T2-weighted images. The diagnosis is spinal multiple sclerosis. The document then discusses features of spinal MS lesions seen on MRI such as focal lesions, diffuse abnormalities, and spinal cord atrophy, and compares features of MS to other conditions like neuromyelitis optica.
Paraplegia and spinal cord syndromes
A spinal cord syndrome may develop from extramedullary or intramedullary pathological processes. Initial symptoms can be gradual or acute, including pain, numbness, or weakness. Radiographic imaging like MRI is used to identify intrinsic or extrinsic cord pathology. Patients with acute spinal cord injury after trauma can experience early or late changes in motor and sensory function. Differential diagnoses for diseases affecting the spinal cord include spinal shock, Brown-Séquard syndrome, central cord syndrome, and anterior spinal artery syndrome. Lesions in different regions of the spinal cord produce varying neurological deficits.
THE SPINE IN THE COURSE OF SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES.pptx
This document discusses MRI findings related to spondyloarthropathies. It provides examples of MRI images showing:
1) Inflammatory lesions and fat deposits in vertebral bodies consistent with spondyloarthritis.
2) Bone marrow edema in transverse processes, costovertebral joints, and manubriosternal joint that is pathognomonic of spondyloarthritis.
3) Progression of structural damage like syndesmophyte formation and ankylosis in the spine of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis over three years.
35 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES THE CONGENITAL SKELETAL ANOMALIES: SKELETAL DYSPLAS...
35 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES THE CONGENITAL SKELETAL ANOMALIES: SKELETAL DYSPLAS...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
DAVID SUTTON PICTURES
THE CONGENITAL SKELETAL ANOMALIES: SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS: CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS
ONLY FOR STUDY PURPOSEPresentation3, radiological imaging of vanshing bone tumour.
This document discusses vanishing bone disease (also known as Gorham disease), a rare condition characterized by the progressive destruction and disappearance of bone. It begins by describing the disease and terminology. It then discusses epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathology, locations commonly affected, radiographic features on imaging like x-rays and CT/MRI scans, differential diagnosis, and includes several images showing examples of bone destruction in patients.
Similar to 6 loss of height of one or more (20)
Presentation1, radiological film reading of the hip joint.
Presentation1, radiological film reading of the hip joint.
THE SPINE IN THE COURSE OF SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES.pptx
THE SPINE IN THE COURSE OF SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES.pptx
35 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES THE CONGENITAL SKELETAL ANOMALIES: SKELETAL DYSPLAS...
35 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES THE CONGENITAL SKELETAL ANOMALIES: SKELETAL DYSPLAS...
Presentation3, radiological imaging of vanshing bone tumour.
Presentation3, radiological imaging of vanshing bone tumour.
More from Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Dislocations of joint. Joint Dislocation
Dislocation of joint is very tricky. In this presentation radiological evaluation of Dislocation of various joints will be discussed.
This is one of the best pictoral review of important joint dislocations
Role of color doppler ultrasound in rvhtn
Renal Color Doppler Ultrasound.
After studying this presentation one will be able to perform and interpret ultrasound.
This presntation in my opinion is best short analog to text.
Bone age assessment
Bone age assessment is performed to evaluate growth in pediatric patients and diagnose endocrine disorders. It relies on visual evaluation of hand and wrist skeletal development compared to standard references. Key applications include diagnosing growth disorders and predicting final adult height. Skeletal development is divided into stages from infancy to post-puberty based on characteristics like appearance of ossification centers and epiphyseal fusion. Bone age is assessed by comparing a patient's hand and wrist radiograph to standardized images for their age and sex.
Trauma axial skeleton Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss the basic of axial trauma from head to pelvis. We will discuss the important key points that aids in the diagnosis of axial trauma
21 non ischaemic acquired Dr.Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 21 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android.
Mri anatomy of knee Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is the first series of the MR imaging of Knee.
In this presentation MRI anatomy has been discussed. As we all know good knowledge of medical imaging three dimensional anatomy is key for good reporting.
Hope we all get benifitted.
Suggestions are most welcome
20 congenital heart disease Dr. Muhammmad Bin Zulfiqar
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 20 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
An approach to cardiac xray Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This presentation is almost a complete Pictoral view of Radiograph chest.
This presentation will help radiologist in daily reporting.
This presentation will help physicians, surgeons, anesthetist and almost all medical professionals in diagnosing commonly presenting cardiac diseases.
This will also help all in preparaing TOACS examination.
19 cardiac anatomy and Imaging techniques Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This is a chapter from Grainger and Allison. I have Coolected all images from chapter 19 with caption in this presentation.
In my opinion it will be very benificial to have this in your android. ,
Pediatric brain tumors Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This document provides an overview of common pediatric brain tumors located in the posterior fossa (infratentorial region). It discusses the most frequently used MRI sequences for evaluating these tumors and provides clinical and imaging features of the most common tumor types, including medulloblastoma, ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and brainstem glioma. Differential diagnoses are also reviewed. Key sequences discussed are T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, DWI, and post-contrast T1WI. Common features and imaging findings are highlighted for each tumor type in 1-3 sentences.
Prostate Biopsy--New Emerging Trends, Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation we will discuss about the
Anatomy of Prostate
Technique of Transrectal US
Carcinoma Prostate and
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Eponymous fractures name Dr. muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
This document lists and briefly describes several eponymous fractures. Some of the fractures described include:
- Colles fracture - A distal radius fracture with dorsal displacement of the distal fragment.
- Jones fracture - A fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal distal to the tuberosity.
- Segond fracture - A proximal tibial epiphysis fracture associated with anterior cruciate ligament rupture.
- Barton's fracture - A fracture of the articular surface of the radius with dorsal or ventral displacement.
The document provides brief 1-2 sentence descriptions of over 30 different eponymous fractures. It includes diagrams to illustrate some of the fracture patterns.
18 Airspace Diseases Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
In this presentation all images of Chapter 18 from Grainger and Allison have been discussed.
Our aim is to discuss authentic material .
This is only for educational purposes.
In this chapter air space infilteration have been discussed. Ground glass haze and consolidation are discussed in detail.
17 Thoracic Trauma and Related Topics
This presentation is a selection of images from 17th chapter of grainger and allison.
Our aim is to provide standard and proved cases of the disease process.
This all is for educational purpose
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This document provides an overview of basic brain CT, including its principles, anatomy, common pathologies, and interpretation. It discusses how CT uses X-rays to reconstruct cross-sectional images and analyze tissue density. Key points covered include the appearance of skull fractures, hemorrhages, infarcts, tumors, infections and other intracranial abnormalities. Understanding normal anatomy is emphasized to aid in detecting abnormalities.
16 High Resolution Computed Tomography of Interstitial and Occupational Lung ...
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This presentation is collection of images from chapter 16 of Grainger and Allison.
Inthis we will discuss the ILD.
This is only for educational purposes.15 Pulmonary Neoplasms Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
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Our aim is to study authentic data.
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In this presentation we will discuss role of high resolution in characterizing normal variant and pathologies of spinal pathologies.
This is a pictoral review.
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This presentation provides sufficient material for anyone who wants is interested in interventional radiology. Here we will discuss the available facilities, mechanisms and equipments.
In my opinion this presentation will prove a footstep in interventional radiology
Hepatocellular carcinoma—role of interventional radiologist Dr. Muhammad Bin ...
Hepatocellular carcinoma—role of interventional radiologist Dr. Muhammad Bin ...Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Interventional radiologists play an important role in diagnosing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma. They can perform biopsies to determine disease, facilitate surgical treatment through techniques like portal vein embolization to increase eligibility for resection, and provide locoregional therapies for patients who are not surgical candidates like radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, and radioembolization. While offering palliation, these minimally invasive treatments can achieve local tumor control and prolong survival for some patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.More from Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar (20)
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Prostate Biopsy--New Emerging Trends, Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
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6 loss of height of one or more
- 1. 6Loss of Height of One or More Vertebral Bodies
- 2. CLINICAL IMAGAGING AN ATLAS OF DIFFERENTIAL DAIGNOSIS EISENBERG DR. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar PGR-FCPS III SIMS/SHL
- 3. • Fig SP 6-1 Severe osteoporosis. (A) Lateral and (B) frontal views of the thoracolumbar spine show striking demineralization and compression of multiple vertebral bodies in a 14½-year-old girl treated with steroids for 5 years for chronic glomerulonephritis. The height age of the girl was only 9 years at this time.6
- 4. • Fig SP 6-2 Multiple myeloma. The diffuse myelomatous infiltration causes generalized demineralization of the vertebral bodies and a compression fracture of L2.
- 5. • Fig SP 6-3 Tuberculous osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine. (A) Initial film demonstrates vertebral collapse and anterior wedging of adjacent midthoracic vertebrae (arrow). The residual intervertebral disk space can barely be seen. (B) Several months later, there is virtual fusion of the collapsed vertebral bodies, producing a characteristic sharp kyphotic angulation (gibbous deformity).
- 6. • Fig SP 6-4 Brucellosis. (A) Frontal plain film of the lower thoracic spine demonstrates loss of height of the T11 and T12 vertebral bodies with destruction of the end plates and swelling of the paravertebral soft tissues (arrows). (B) A lateral tomogram of the lower thoracic spine demonstrates cortical destruction with sclerosis of the inferior end plate of T11 and the superior end plate of T12 (arrows). There is a mild degree of anterior wedging. The overall radiographic appearance is indistinguishable from that of tuberculous spondylitis.
- 7. Fig SP 6-5 Fracture. Characteristic anterior wedging of the superior end plate of the L1 vertebral body.
- 8. • Fig SP 6-6 Scheuermann's disease. Irregularity of the vertebral end plates and wedging of the vertebral bodies, which causes an arcuate kyphosis.7
- 9. • Fig SP 6-7 Langerhans cell histiocytosis. (A) Frontal and (B) lateral views of the spine show complete collapse with flattening of the T12 vertebral body (vertebra plana).
- 10. • Fig SP 6-8 Morquio syndrome. Generalized flattening of the vertebral bodies in the (A) cervical and (B) lumbar regions.
- 11. • Fig SP 6-9 Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. Generalized flattening of the vertebral bodies (platyspondyly).
- 12. • Fig SP 6-10 Sickle cell anemia. (A) Biconcave indentations on both the superior and inferior margins of the soft vertebral bodies produce the characteristic “fish vertebrae.” (B) Localized step-like central depressions of multiple vertebral end plates.
- 13. • Fig SP 6-11 Osteogenesis imperfecta. Generalized flattening of vertebral bodies associated with fractures of multiple ribs and long bones in an infant.