2. T1- weighted image:
Fats and bone marrow produce high signal (white); ligaments, cartilage,
fluid produce low signal (black)
T2- weighted image:
Ligaments, cartilage and fluid produce high signal (white); bone marrow
produces a low signal (black).
3. PLANES
Coronal oblique:
slices parallel to the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle,
going from posterior to the anterior shoulder.
Sagittal oblique:
slices perpendicular to the supraspinatus muscle, going
from head of humerus to the scapula.
Axial plane:
makes cross-sections of the shoulder from top to bottom.
35. Images in the ABER position are obtained in an axial way 45 degrees
off the coronal plane.
In that position the 3-6 o’clock region is imaged perpendicular
36. Labral tears (ABER) view
excellent for assessing the anteroinferior labrum at the 3-6
o’clock position, where most labral tears are located.
In the aber position
inferior glenohumeral ligament is stretched
Tension on the anteroinferior labrum
Intra-articular contrast to get between the labral tear and the glenoid
37.
38. •ABER view :useful for both partial- and full-thickness tears of
the rotator cuff.
ABER POSITION :releases tension on the cuff relative to the
normal coronal view obtained with the arm in adduction.
As a result, subtle articular-sided partial thickness tears will not
lie apposed to the adjacent intact fibers of the remaining
rotator cuff nor be effaced against the humeral head, and
•intra-articular contrast can enhance visualization of the tear
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44. Glenohumeral joint
• Axial T1 or PD image at the level of the
superior portion of the glenohumeral joint.
• Space between the lesser tuberosity of the
humeral head and the coracoid process
( coracohumeral interval)
high signal area normally measures around
7-11 mm.
• Narrowing of the coracohumeral interval to
<6 mm highly associated with anterior
shoulder disorders such as rotator cuff tears.
45. • Acromion appears as an oval high
signal ,large rhomboid structure
that has an intermediate (gray)
signal.
• Anteriorly, follow the acromion to
the point where it articulates with
the lateral clavicle and forms the
acromioclavicular joint.
46. 15% of people the acromion contains unfused ossification centers
characterized by Decreased in intensity on MRI. This is a normal
variant called Os acromiale
47. Glenoid labrum
• Best seen in the axial plane
appearing on the anterior and posterior rim of the glenoid as two
triangular-shaped (low signal)
• Anterior labrum is usually larger than the posterior labrum.
• Tears or detachments, seen as a fluid signal extending between
the labrum and the bony glenoid or as a truncation of the labrum.
48.
49. normal variants are all located in the 11-3 o’clock position.
Can mimic a SLAP tear
Usually not mimic a bankart-lesion,
since it is located at the 3-6 o’clock
position, where these normal variants
do not occur.
Labral tears may originate at the 3-6 o’clock position and subsequently
extend superiorly.
50.
51. Differences between an sublabral recess and a SLAP-tear.
A recess more than 3-5 mm is always abnormal and should be regarded as a
SLAP-tear
52. Glenohumeral ligaments
• Superior, middle and inferior
glenohumeral ligaments are thickenings
of the glenoid capsule that attach onto
the anteroinferior margin of the
glenoid labrum
• Uniform structure on a T1 axial image,
appearing as a dark band near the
anterior labrum, that extends along the
humeral head
53. Biceps brachii –
Best seen on an axial PD image
On a slice through the center of the
glenohumeral joint.
• Tendon of the long head of biceps
brachii is located in the bicipital
groove,
• tendon of the short head is found at
the tip of the coracoid process.
71. Full-thickness tear:
• high SI on T2WI
• Direct signs
• Tendon discontinuity
• Fluid signal in tendon gap
• Retraction of musculotendinous junction
• Associated findings
• Subacromial/ subdeltoid bursal fluid
• Muscle atrophy