This document provides guidance on how to write a good publishable manuscript. It discusses that a good manuscript immediately conveys its scientific significance and message in a clear, useful, and exciting way through its content and logical presentation. It emphasizes preparing before writing by checking the originality of the research idea and determining the type of manuscript. The document outlines the standard structure of a scientific article and provides tips for writing each section, including emphasizing the importance of clear organization, focusing on results, and relating the discussion back to the presented findings and hypothesis. Overall, it stresses writing in a way that engages the reader and markets the research in a concise yet informative manner.
This document provides guidance on writing a successful research paper. It emphasizes selecting a narrow topic to allow an in-depth analysis in response to a specific research question. Students should use their own words to interpret and analyze sources rather than directly quoting or paraphrasing large portions. Plagiarism occurs if a student presents others' words or ideas as their own without proper citation. The goal is for students to advance knowledge on their topic through original analysis and argumentation grounded in research, rather than just reporting information gathered.
This document provides guidance on writing research papers and theses. It discusses the typical structures and contents of papers and theses, as well as how referees evaluate papers. Papers should communicate important new ideas or information to advance knowledge in a field. They have standard sections like an abstract, introduction, body, and conclusion. Theses allow for more in-depth arguments and are evaluated based on the use of literature, organization, logic, argumentation, and contribution to the discipline. Figures and tables should assist the reader in understanding concepts discussed in the text.
Write a research paper howto - good presentationantiw
1. The document provides advice on how to write a great research paper, focusing on conveying the main idea in a clear and engaging way.
2. It emphasizes using examples to introduce problems and solutions, making contributions explicit, and focusing on the narrative before technical details.
3. The goal is to infect the reader's mind with the idea like a virus by explaining intuitively rather than through jargon or impressing others.
This document provides guidance on how to structure and write a research article to be published. It discusses the typical sections of a research article like the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. It emphasizes writing in a clear and concise manner, using informative titles and keywords, including all necessary details in the methods section, and interpreting results in the discussion. The document also addresses ethics issues like avoiding plagiarism, not duplicating publications, and properly citing others' work. Overall, the key aspects covered are the structure, style, and ethical standards required to write a publishable research article.
A firm grasp of scientific method and ability to write clearly and convincingly is a great assert to any professional in sciences.
Conducting research and publishing peer reviewed papers train professionals in both scientific method and writing. Moreover, having research papers in your resume is considered a huge plus in both industry and academia. However, conducting research and getting them published requires professionals to approach the problem and present their solutions form a unique angle. The talk will address research in general and writing research papers. Specifically, the talk will cover peer review process, what is a contribution?, and basic composition of
a research paper, describing potential pitfalls.
The document provides information about research writing. It discusses that everyone can be considered a researcher through everyday activities like using social media or traveling. Research is defined as a careful, diligent search to establish new facts or reach conclusions. The constituents of research are outlined as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and validating conclusions. The document emphasizes that research writing is important and discusses choosing the right research topic and venue for publication. It provides tips for writing different sections of a research paper and following the common three-phase model of initial workshop or conference papers leading to a journal publication.
This document provides a 10 step guide for writing a research paper with ease. The steps include: thinking of a topic and questions, finding sources, reading sources and taking notes, brainstorming the structure, writing a thesis statement, drafting an introduction, writing the body in paragraphs with cited sources, drafting a conclusion, compiling a works cited page, and proofreading for spelling and grammar. Following these steps will help the writer organize their ideas and research into a well-written paper.
This document provides guidance on writing a successful research paper. It emphasizes selecting a narrow topic to allow an in-depth analysis in response to a specific research question. Students should use their own words to interpret and analyze sources rather than directly quoting or paraphrasing large portions. Plagiarism occurs if a student presents others' words or ideas as their own without proper citation. The goal is for students to advance knowledge on their topic through original analysis and argumentation grounded in research, rather than just reporting information gathered.
This document provides guidance on writing research papers and theses. It discusses the typical structures and contents of papers and theses, as well as how referees evaluate papers. Papers should communicate important new ideas or information to advance knowledge in a field. They have standard sections like an abstract, introduction, body, and conclusion. Theses allow for more in-depth arguments and are evaluated based on the use of literature, organization, logic, argumentation, and contribution to the discipline. Figures and tables should assist the reader in understanding concepts discussed in the text.
Write a research paper howto - good presentationantiw
1. The document provides advice on how to write a great research paper, focusing on conveying the main idea in a clear and engaging way.
2. It emphasizes using examples to introduce problems and solutions, making contributions explicit, and focusing on the narrative before technical details.
3. The goal is to infect the reader's mind with the idea like a virus by explaining intuitively rather than through jargon or impressing others.
This document provides guidance on how to structure and write a research article to be published. It discusses the typical sections of a research article like the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. It emphasizes writing in a clear and concise manner, using informative titles and keywords, including all necessary details in the methods section, and interpreting results in the discussion. The document also addresses ethics issues like avoiding plagiarism, not duplicating publications, and properly citing others' work. Overall, the key aspects covered are the structure, style, and ethical standards required to write a publishable research article.
A firm grasp of scientific method and ability to write clearly and convincingly is a great assert to any professional in sciences.
Conducting research and publishing peer reviewed papers train professionals in both scientific method and writing. Moreover, having research papers in your resume is considered a huge plus in both industry and academia. However, conducting research and getting them published requires professionals to approach the problem and present their solutions form a unique angle. The talk will address research in general and writing research papers. Specifically, the talk will cover peer review process, what is a contribution?, and basic composition of
a research paper, describing potential pitfalls.
The document provides information about research writing. It discusses that everyone can be considered a researcher through everyday activities like using social media or traveling. Research is defined as a careful, diligent search to establish new facts or reach conclusions. The constituents of research are outlined as defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and validating conclusions. The document emphasizes that research writing is important and discusses choosing the right research topic and venue for publication. It provides tips for writing different sections of a research paper and following the common three-phase model of initial workshop or conference papers leading to a journal publication.
This document provides a 10 step guide for writing a research paper with ease. The steps include: thinking of a topic and questions, finding sources, reading sources and taking notes, brainstorming the structure, writing a thesis statement, drafting an introduction, writing the body in paragraphs with cited sources, drafting a conclusion, compiling a works cited page, and proofreading for spelling and grammar. Following these steps will help the writer organize their ideas and research into a well-written paper.
This document provides an outline for a seminar on writing research papers. The seminar aims to identify the essential components for planning and executing research writing assignments. By the end of the seminar, attendees will be able to identify the steps in the research paper writing process, access resources to help at various stages of writing, and use time management strategies to successfully complete a research paper. The outline then covers various aspects of the writing process such as selecting a topic, choosing a journal, developing the paper structure, issues of authorship, and key elements like the title, abstract, and keywords.
Scientific Writing: Road and Tips (Part 1)Omar Abo Shady
This presentation shows the ways and steps to start writing to reach publication.
Omar A. Abo Shady ( Menoufia Faculty of Medicine - Egypt) 14 May, 2013.
How to write a research paper. By Prof A (Tony) D Lucey, Curtin University an...Engineers Australia
This document provides guidance on how to write a research paper. It discusses the typical publishing process, which can take 1-2 years. It emphasizes selecting a target journal, writing in a logical order such as results first, and adhering to the journal's formatting guidelines. The document also offers tips for responding to referee reports, dealing with rejection, and avoiding unethical practices that could damage one's reputation. The overall message is to write clearly and considerately from the reader's perspective.
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
The document provides guidance and resources for writing college papers, including identifying standards, developing a thesis, conducting research, avoiding plagiarism, outlining an argument, drafting and revising papers, and engaging in critical analysis and expository writing. It discusses goals of academic writing such as seeking truth and challenging ideas. Grammar, vocabulary, questions to consider, and online style guides are also referenced.
are you struggling with writing the research paper? If yes, then here is the best ever PPT on how to write a research paper with perfection. Watch this PPT till the end to write the research paper with perfection.
The document provides guidance on writing effective technical articles, outlining best practices for their structure, content, and presentation. It describes the purpose of technical articles as informing, instructing, or persuading readers on a scientific or technical topic. Recommendations include using clear language, graphics, and following standard sections like an introduction, body, and conclusion to disseminate research findings or technical information.
How to Write A Research Paper? - Useful Tips For Successful Academic WritingResearchLeap
Academic writing is a style of writing that makes your work easier to read and understand. No matter how well versed you are with grammar, punctuation and other areas that come into play for writing papers, making a mistake with the content hurts your overall academic writing.
The purpose of academic writing is to make your work clear and understandable to whoever is reading and/or evaluating it. Another important part of academic writing is ensuring that your work is fully and correctly referenced. The tips in Research Leap Manual on Academic Writing contain practical methods of creating an academic paper which your readers will easily follow. With this guide, you will learn how to:
Choose a topic
Think (brainstorm)
Build an organized text
Write good introduction, thesis, body and conclusion parts
Format your writing
Reference your work
Get expert academic writing tips straight to your inbox, and become a better academic writer. Download our PDF manual right now from the attachment.
Your comment and feedback are highly appreciated. To receive other tips and manuals, and to expand your research network and access research opportunities, join us on Linked In or FB.
How to review a journal paper and prepare oral presentationSeppo Karrila
This document provides guidance on reviewing a journal article and preparing and delivering a scientific presentation. It discusses reviewing an article by answering key questions about the topic, approach, results and implications. When preparing a presentation, the document recommends planning for your audience, structuring your content with an introduction outlining the issue, significance and approach, and creating slides that are simple with short text and large, readable figures and tables. It also provides tips for delivering the presentation, such as practicing your timing, using the microphone, and reminding the audience of key points at the end.
This document provides a guide to writing research papers. It discusses different types of research publications, differences between disciplines, and reasons for writing research papers such as advancing one's career. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the target publication, such as the audience and their conversations in the field, and contributing meaningfully to those discussions. The guide also covers planning papers, writing, submission, and revising in response to reviews. The overall message is that writing research papers can help focus one's PhD work and develop ideas, but it requires clarity of purpose and contribution as well as being open to feedback.
How to write and publish an articles in Scientific journals. dr. kamran ishfaqDr.Kamran Ishfaq
This document provides guidance on how to write and publish an academic article. It discusses identifying appropriate publishing sources, such as journals, books, or newspapers. It also covers important tips for writing, such as using active voice and international terminology. The document outlines the peer review process and qualities of a strong research paper, including clear aims, analysis, and provoking further thought. Finally, it details how to structure a research paper for a academic journal, including required sections like the abstract, introduction, methodology, and references.
Writing for academic publishing in NursingHelen Fallon
The document provides information about publishing research and practice work in journal articles. It discusses the goals of writing for publication which are to increase knowledge of publishing, consider how research and practice can be written up as articles, better understand writing mechanics, and develop confidence in writing. It also outlines different types of publications and journal articles as well as potential sources for writing. Sample nursing journals are listed and tips are provided for identifying appropriate journals, understanding journal guidelines and requirements, drafting query emails, and outlining articles. Finally, it discusses the writing process and structure of research-based and practice-based articles.
Workshop -- How to successfully write a scientific paper?KnihovnaUTB
Přednášející: Katarzyna Gaca-Zając, PhD Eng. | Elsevier
***********
Během školení se jeho účastníci naučí úspěšně napsat kvalitní vědecký článek, který bude korespondovat s vědeckou komunitou a umožní jeho autorům získat uznání. Představeny budou osvědčené postupy, které jsou založeny na zkušenostech výzkumných pracovníků, redaktorů a čtenářů. Školení je určeno především začínajícím výzkumným pracovníkům, vítáni jsou ale všichni vědečtí pracovníci a akademici.
**********
During this training the attendees will learn how to successfully write a good quality research paper, which will resonate well with the scientific community and will allow them to gain recognition. A summary of the best practices in writing will be presented and these are based on experience of researchers, editors and readers. The training is addressed primarily to young researchers, although senior academics are also welcome to attend.
The document outlines the steps in the writing process for an academic paper, including planning, researching, drafting, and revising, and notes that these steps do not have to be linear. It provides details on each step, such as making an outline, evaluating sources, integrating sources, and addressing common issues that frustrate markers. Resources for writing help, such as professors and the Writing Centre, are also listed.
This document provides tips for writing an article for publication in the NZCOM Journal. It discusses identifying an interesting topic and perspective to write about. Authors should consider co-authoring with someone experienced like a supervisor. The writing process involves drafting, getting feedback, and revising. Key sections of an article are outlined such as the introduction, methods, findings and discussion. Formatting guidelines and the editorial review process are also summarized to help authors successfully publish their work.
Report writing by s.lakshmanan, psychologistLAKSHMANAN S
• IT IS THE STUDY OF FACTS AND INFORMATION
• IT IS FORMED IN A STRUCTURED FORMAT
• BASED ON OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS
• IT HELPS THE MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION FOR MAKING PLANS AND SOLVING ISSUES IN THE ORGANISATION
Publishing and Disseminating your Research and PracticeHelen Fallon
This document provides guidance on writing for publication. It begins by outlining the goals of the writing workshop, which are to have participants draft a writing, understand writing mechanics, know more about the publishing process, and increase confidence in writing. It then discusses reasons for publishing such as sharing work, increasing visibility and impact, disseminating research, and career advancement. The document provides tips on identifying topics, different types of publications, how to analyze journals, and how to draft queries to editors. It also covers outlining, structuring articles, titles, abstracts, keywords, and the various sections of articles such as introductions, literature reviews, methods, and discussions. Finally, it provides encouragement and advice for the writing process itself
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
The document evaluates different options for distributing a media product, including online downloads, apps, large retail chains, and small businesses. It identifies pros and cons of each approach. The document recommends distributing the media product through IPC Media, a large media institution. IPC Media publishes many popular magazines, reaches a wide audience both online and in print, and is a trusted and successful company, making it well-suited to distribute the media product.
Jens Pollak's resume summarizes his experience producing and working on various film and television projects between 2015 and 1996. He has worked as a producer, line producer, assistant camera operator, and sound technician on documentaries, reality shows, commercials and other productions in Germany and the United States. His resume highlights his roles establishing and programming a regional MTV channel in Southeastern Europe and experience live streaming various events online.
This document provides an outline for a seminar on writing research papers. The seminar aims to identify the essential components for planning and executing research writing assignments. By the end of the seminar, attendees will be able to identify the steps in the research paper writing process, access resources to help at various stages of writing, and use time management strategies to successfully complete a research paper. The outline then covers various aspects of the writing process such as selecting a topic, choosing a journal, developing the paper structure, issues of authorship, and key elements like the title, abstract, and keywords.
Scientific Writing: Road and Tips (Part 1)Omar Abo Shady
This presentation shows the ways and steps to start writing to reach publication.
Omar A. Abo Shady ( Menoufia Faculty of Medicine - Egypt) 14 May, 2013.
How to write a research paper. By Prof A (Tony) D Lucey, Curtin University an...Engineers Australia
This document provides guidance on how to write a research paper. It discusses the typical publishing process, which can take 1-2 years. It emphasizes selecting a target journal, writing in a logical order such as results first, and adhering to the journal's formatting guidelines. The document also offers tips for responding to referee reports, dealing with rejection, and avoiding unethical practices that could damage one's reputation. The overall message is to write clearly and considerately from the reader's perspective.
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
The document provides guidance and resources for writing college papers, including identifying standards, developing a thesis, conducting research, avoiding plagiarism, outlining an argument, drafting and revising papers, and engaging in critical analysis and expository writing. It discusses goals of academic writing such as seeking truth and challenging ideas. Grammar, vocabulary, questions to consider, and online style guides are also referenced.
are you struggling with writing the research paper? If yes, then here is the best ever PPT on how to write a research paper with perfection. Watch this PPT till the end to write the research paper with perfection.
The document provides guidance on writing effective technical articles, outlining best practices for their structure, content, and presentation. It describes the purpose of technical articles as informing, instructing, or persuading readers on a scientific or technical topic. Recommendations include using clear language, graphics, and following standard sections like an introduction, body, and conclusion to disseminate research findings or technical information.
How to Write A Research Paper? - Useful Tips For Successful Academic WritingResearchLeap
Academic writing is a style of writing that makes your work easier to read and understand. No matter how well versed you are with grammar, punctuation and other areas that come into play for writing papers, making a mistake with the content hurts your overall academic writing.
The purpose of academic writing is to make your work clear and understandable to whoever is reading and/or evaluating it. Another important part of academic writing is ensuring that your work is fully and correctly referenced. The tips in Research Leap Manual on Academic Writing contain practical methods of creating an academic paper which your readers will easily follow. With this guide, you will learn how to:
Choose a topic
Think (brainstorm)
Build an organized text
Write good introduction, thesis, body and conclusion parts
Format your writing
Reference your work
Get expert academic writing tips straight to your inbox, and become a better academic writer. Download our PDF manual right now from the attachment.
Your comment and feedback are highly appreciated. To receive other tips and manuals, and to expand your research network and access research opportunities, join us on Linked In or FB.
How to review a journal paper and prepare oral presentationSeppo Karrila
This document provides guidance on reviewing a journal article and preparing and delivering a scientific presentation. It discusses reviewing an article by answering key questions about the topic, approach, results and implications. When preparing a presentation, the document recommends planning for your audience, structuring your content with an introduction outlining the issue, significance and approach, and creating slides that are simple with short text and large, readable figures and tables. It also provides tips for delivering the presentation, such as practicing your timing, using the microphone, and reminding the audience of key points at the end.
This document provides a guide to writing research papers. It discusses different types of research publications, differences between disciplines, and reasons for writing research papers such as advancing one's career. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the target publication, such as the audience and their conversations in the field, and contributing meaningfully to those discussions. The guide also covers planning papers, writing, submission, and revising in response to reviews. The overall message is that writing research papers can help focus one's PhD work and develop ideas, but it requires clarity of purpose and contribution as well as being open to feedback.
How to write and publish an articles in Scientific journals. dr. kamran ishfaqDr.Kamran Ishfaq
This document provides guidance on how to write and publish an academic article. It discusses identifying appropriate publishing sources, such as journals, books, or newspapers. It also covers important tips for writing, such as using active voice and international terminology. The document outlines the peer review process and qualities of a strong research paper, including clear aims, analysis, and provoking further thought. Finally, it details how to structure a research paper for a academic journal, including required sections like the abstract, introduction, methodology, and references.
Writing for academic publishing in NursingHelen Fallon
The document provides information about publishing research and practice work in journal articles. It discusses the goals of writing for publication which are to increase knowledge of publishing, consider how research and practice can be written up as articles, better understand writing mechanics, and develop confidence in writing. It also outlines different types of publications and journal articles as well as potential sources for writing. Sample nursing journals are listed and tips are provided for identifying appropriate journals, understanding journal guidelines and requirements, drafting query emails, and outlining articles. Finally, it discusses the writing process and structure of research-based and practice-based articles.
Workshop -- How to successfully write a scientific paper?KnihovnaUTB
Přednášející: Katarzyna Gaca-Zając, PhD Eng. | Elsevier
***********
Během školení se jeho účastníci naučí úspěšně napsat kvalitní vědecký článek, který bude korespondovat s vědeckou komunitou a umožní jeho autorům získat uznání. Představeny budou osvědčené postupy, které jsou založeny na zkušenostech výzkumných pracovníků, redaktorů a čtenářů. Školení je určeno především začínajícím výzkumným pracovníkům, vítáni jsou ale všichni vědečtí pracovníci a akademici.
**********
During this training the attendees will learn how to successfully write a good quality research paper, which will resonate well with the scientific community and will allow them to gain recognition. A summary of the best practices in writing will be presented and these are based on experience of researchers, editors and readers. The training is addressed primarily to young researchers, although senior academics are also welcome to attend.
The document outlines the steps in the writing process for an academic paper, including planning, researching, drafting, and revising, and notes that these steps do not have to be linear. It provides details on each step, such as making an outline, evaluating sources, integrating sources, and addressing common issues that frustrate markers. Resources for writing help, such as professors and the Writing Centre, are also listed.
This document provides tips for writing an article for publication in the NZCOM Journal. It discusses identifying an interesting topic and perspective to write about. Authors should consider co-authoring with someone experienced like a supervisor. The writing process involves drafting, getting feedback, and revising. Key sections of an article are outlined such as the introduction, methods, findings and discussion. Formatting guidelines and the editorial review process are also summarized to help authors successfully publish their work.
Report writing by s.lakshmanan, psychologistLAKSHMANAN S
• IT IS THE STUDY OF FACTS AND INFORMATION
• IT IS FORMED IN A STRUCTURED FORMAT
• BASED ON OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS
• IT HELPS THE MANAGEMENT IN AN ORGANISATION FOR MAKING PLANS AND SOLVING ISSUES IN THE ORGANISATION
Publishing and Disseminating your Research and PracticeHelen Fallon
This document provides guidance on writing for publication. It begins by outlining the goals of the writing workshop, which are to have participants draft a writing, understand writing mechanics, know more about the publishing process, and increase confidence in writing. It then discusses reasons for publishing such as sharing work, increasing visibility and impact, disseminating research, and career advancement. The document provides tips on identifying topics, different types of publications, how to analyze journals, and how to draft queries to editors. It also covers outlining, structuring articles, titles, abstracts, keywords, and the various sections of articles such as introductions, literature reviews, methods, and discussions. Finally, it provides encouragement and advice for the writing process itself
Writekraft Research & Publication LLP.
We are one of the leading PhD assistance company that deals in helping PhD scholars in their Thesis, Research paper writing and publication work. We are providing custom PhD Thesis written for you exactly the way you want along with a Turnitin plagiarism report.
For more Information Contact us@ admin@writekraft.com
Or Call us @ 7753818181, 9838033084
www.writekraft.com
The document evaluates different options for distributing a media product, including online downloads, apps, large retail chains, and small businesses. It identifies pros and cons of each approach. The document recommends distributing the media product through IPC Media, a large media institution. IPC Media publishes many popular magazines, reaches a wide audience both online and in print, and is a trusted and successful company, making it well-suited to distribute the media product.
Jens Pollak's resume summarizes his experience producing and working on various film and television projects between 2015 and 1996. He has worked as a producer, line producer, assistant camera operator, and sound technician on documentaries, reality shows, commercials and other productions in Germany and the United States. His resume highlights his roles establishing and programming a regional MTV channel in Southeastern Europe and experience live streaming various events online.
The document appears to be a presentation by Helene Blowers on the topic of employees and innovation. It includes tips for engaging employees in innovation such as making strategies believable, tailoring communication to different audiences, creating alliances, and tying initiatives to priorities and trends. It also discusses communicating and tracking progress of innovation plans. The presentation emphasizes the importance of collaborative leadership and keeping communication open.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera avançada, tela grande e bateria de longa duração por um preço acessível. O aparelho tem como objetivo atrair mais consumidores para a marca e aumentar sua participação no competitivo mercado de smartphones.
Este documento discute a necessidade universal da salvação em Cristo. Ele afirma que todos os seres humanos estão mortos em seus pecados e não têm capacidade de se salvar sem a graça de Deus. Também diz que Deus julgará cada um de acordo com suas ações, recompensando aqueles que fazem o bem e punindo aqueles que fazem o mal.
The document discusses innovation and provides quotes and images related to different types of innovation. It discusses efficiency innovation, evolutionary innovation, and revolutionary innovation. Management approaches that support innovation are discussed, such as setting strategies, encouraging risk-taking, and leading by example. Innovation is described as an iterative, messy process driven by curiosity. The last slides emphasize that innovation starts with imagination and is a culture that organizations should support.
Create,edit and collaborate wiht others using this amazing spreadsheets. You dont have to worry about losing your date since it auto saves your work since its a cloud based.
Este documento trata sobre varios temas relacionados con la gerencia estratégica y la calidad total en Venezuela, incluyendo definiciones de ciencia, gerencia, proyecto, estrategia, calidad total e indicadores. También discute la importancia de la cultura organizacional y el comportamiento al implementar estrategias, y la necesidad de monitorear los planes estratégicos usando indicadores.
This document provides guidance on how to effectively read and analyze a scientific journal article. It discusses the typical sections found in research papers such as the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Readers are advised to critically examine the authors' conclusions and ensure they are supported by the data presented. The key is to actively engage with the material by generating expectations before reading, carefully studying figures and tables, and considering how the findings relate to existing research in the field.
The document provides tips for scientific writing and publishing articles. It discusses the difference between researchers and writers, with researchers focused on data and results but often lacking writing skills. It recommends making a template for manuscripts and including specific sections like the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusions. The document advises starting with the experimental section and methodology, and writing the conclusions when ideas are fresh. It also discusses title format, literature searches, figures and tables, citations, and using translators for non-native English speakers.
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including its purpose and structure. It discusses the key parts of a research paper such as the introduction, methodology, and conclusion. The introduction should state the topic and its importance. The methodology section explains how the research was conducted, including data collection and analysis methods used. The conclusion restates the main points and leaves the reader with a final impression. The document also provides examples and prompts for writing each section of a research paper.
The document outlines the 11 key steps to writing a successful research paper: 1) understand the assignment, 2) choose a topic, 3) conduct preliminary research, 4) develop a thesis statement, 5) create an outline, 6) write a first draft, 7) write the introduction, 8) write the body, 9) write the conclusion, 10) write a second draft, and 11) revise and proofread the paper. These steps guide students through choosing a topic, conducting research, developing an argument, writing drafts, and revising to produce a high-quality final paper.
This document provides information and guidance on communicating and utilizing research findings. It discusses the importance of disseminating research results as the last step of the research process in order to share findings with the community. Research communication can be done in written or oral form through publications, presentations, etc. The document outlines best practices for writing research reports and scientific papers, preparing oral presentations, and selecting appropriate communication methods and outlets. Key aspects covered include writing in the IMRAD format, crafting a clear title, writing an informative abstract, and effectively communicating the introduction, methods, results and discussion sections.
Publishing research papers is an important part of the scientific process. It allows researchers to present new results and methods, advance their careers, and contribute to their field. The key parts of a research paper are the title, abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion sections. Authors must record their findings, write drafts, get feedback, and revise their paper before submitting it to a suitable journal. The goal is to clearly communicate their research and findings to the intended audience of the publication.
The document provides guidance on writing a dissertation. It explains that a dissertation is a structured, extended piece of independent research that demonstrates a student's capabilities. It adheres to academic principles such as developing an argument in response to a central question. The document outlines the key components of a dissertation, including proposing a topic, developing a theoretical framework, conducting a literature review, describing methodology, presenting findings and discussion, and properly formatting references. It emphasizes that a dissertation must be well-organized, clearly written, and avoid plagiarism.
This document provides guidance on writing research reports and theses. It discusses what research is, the steps involved in conducting research like selecting a topic, literature review, data collection and analysis. It outlines the typical organization of a research report, including chapters for introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion and conclusions. The document provides tips for writing each section and emphasizes the importance of starting writing early. It also discusses formatting requirements, citation styles, and managing time during the research process.
The continuing increase of wind energy penetration in power systems, in
combination with the retirement of conventional generation, raises new challenges for the
maintenance of power system stability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of wind
power plant capabilities to provide frequency support and the corresponding methods available
in the published literature are thoroughly analysed and compared. The topic is covered from
different perspectives giving a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this field. In
addition, the integration of energy storage technologies and dispatching of wind farms during
frequency deviations are investigated
This document provides guidance on scientific writing and publishing research papers. It discusses:
1) The objectives of scientific writing are to clearly communicate new findings and conclusions so they can be published and add to the body of scientific knowledge. Clarity, reproducibility and addressing why, how and what was learned are essential.
2) Outlining is an important step for organizing a scientific paper. An outline should define the objectives, methods, results and conclusions to guide writing the paper.
3) The first draft focuses on getting ideas down without worrying about editing. Subsequent drafts refine the writing and ensure it clearly communicates the research question, approach, findings and implications for the field.
How to write a research paper for an international peerreviewed journalvijay kumar
This PowerPoint is on writing a research article for an International Peer-reviewed Journal. The talk was delivered at an International Virtual workshop. All videos related to research conferences can be viewed at
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNEUKBUIaQG3wr05Sj38oDA/featured
How ti write a good scientific paper.pptobedcudjoe1
This document provides guidance on writing scientific papers. It discusses the typical structure of a journal paper, including sections like the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It also provides 18 suggestions for writing good scientific papers, such as knowing your audience, using an outline to organize ideas, paying attention to grammar and tenses, and taking editorial comments seriously. The document emphasizes writing clearly and concisely for other scientists, with examples of how to effectively present and discuss results and cite references.
Writing Good Scientific Papers for academic writingssuser1310d0
This document provides guidance on writing scientific papers. It discusses the typical structure of a journal paper, including sections like the abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion. It also provides 18 suggestions for writing good scientific papers, such as knowing your audience, using an outline to organize ideas, paying attention to grammar and tenses, and taking editorial comments seriously. The document emphasizes writing clearly and concisely for other scientists, with examples of how to effectively present and discuss results and cite references.
CL7 Selection of Journals Module 4 RPE-Rijo TKMCE.pdfssuserb76cdd
The document discusses journals and selecting appropriate journals for publishing work. It begins by asking questions about publishing in journals and deciding which journals to target. It then provides information on the structure of scientific research papers and how they are different from other types of writing. The document discusses reading research papers and provides a multi-level approach for comprehending papers from getting the big picture to evaluating details. It addresses common questions around finding relevant papers and understanding content. The document also covers open access publication models and tools for finding journals and articles.
This document provides guidance on various aspects of publishing a scientific research article, including deciding what to publish, identifying an appropriate target journal, following the journal's submission instructions, understanding the peer review and decision process, revising papers, and addressing editor and reviewer queries. It also discusses ethical publishing practices and parts of a research paper such as the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Key steps in writing and publishing a research paper are outlined.
This document provides guidance on various aspects of publishing a scientific research article, including deciding what to publish, identifying an appropriate target journal, following the journal's submission instructions, understanding the peer review and decision process, revising papers, and addressing editor and reviewer queries. It also discusses ethical publishing practices and parts of a research paper such as the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. Key steps in writing and publishing a research paper are outlined.
This document provides a 7-day framework for writing a journal article quickly. Day 1 involves choosing an article type such as data-driven or theory. Day 2 focuses on writing an abstract and title. Day 3 is for "spew drafting" to get ideas on paper. Day 4 creates an outline from the spew draft. Day 5 involves assessing and cleaning up the draft. Day 6 has the author "murder darlings" by cutting unnecessary text. The final day addresses responding to rejections and marketing the published article. The document aims to make writing more approachable by breaking it into daily steps rather than an overwhelming list of tasks.
The document provides guidance on how to conduct peer reviews of academic papers. It discusses what peer review is, how the process works, the roles and responsibilities of peer reviewers, factors to consider when deciding whether to accept a review invitation, questions reviewers should ask, criteria to focus on during reviews, best practices, and how to make decisions on manuscripts. The document aims to help new reviewers understand peer review and provide thoughtful, constructive feedback to improve papers.
This document discusses issues related to bias and quality in scientific research publications. It defines bias and lists many types of bias that can affect research, such as selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, and publication bias. It explains how biases like inadequate randomization or lack of blinding can influence research results. The document also discusses problems like selective reporting, research misconduct, and the need for self-regulation in research to improve quality and reduce waste.
This document outlines the different sections and purposes of a scientific research report. It discusses the key components including an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. The introduction provides background on the research problem and purpose of the study. The methodology section describes the research design, samples, procedures, and analysis. The results section presents the key findings from the research in tables, graphs, or figures without interpretation. The discussion section interprets the results and relates them to prior literature. The conclusion states the major findings and recommendations.
This document provides guidance on writing a successful research proposal. It discusses including an introduction that establishes the problem being addressed and how the research will achieve its objectives. The methodology section should describe the research design, data collection instruments, participants, and analysis plan. Other important sections are aims and objectives, timeline, budget, and references. The proposal should convince reviewers that the research is feasible, addresses an important question, and is led by an appropriate investigator.
This document provides guidance on publishing in top-ranked journals (Q1). It discusses selecting the best target journal, writing strategies, manuscript sections, and the peer review process. The goal is to help researchers understand how to develop high-quality manuscripts that stand the best chance of being accepted in top journals.
Scientific references should be documented to acknowledge the original authors and ideas, provide credibility to presented information, and allow readers to locate further information if needed. In-text citations provide attribution within the body of work, while a reference list at the end fully cites each source. Common citation styles include APA and Harvard referencing. Plagiarism involves presenting others' work as one's own and can have academic penalties, so sources must be properly cited or referenced. Bibliographic management tools help organize references and automatically generate citations.
This document provides an introduction to LaTeX, a document preparation system for high-quality typesetting. It discusses how LaTeX is used to create documents with features such as mathematical formulas, bibliographies, floats, and tables. Key aspects covered include installing LaTeX, basic file structure, formatting text, lists, tables, figures, and referencing external images and bibliographies. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate LaTeX commands.
The document describes a study that developed and validated a UPLC-MS/MS method to analyze the pharmacokinetic profiles of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors neratinib and pelitinib, alone and in combination with the flavonoid apigenin, in rat plasma. The method was used to study the pharmacokinetic interaction between neratinib/pelitinib and apigenin. Results showed that apigenin increased the bioavailability of neratinib and pelitinib by inhibiting their metabolism by CYP3A4 enzymes and P-glycoprotein efflux, demonstrating the need to consider potential drug-drug and drug-herb interactions when administering tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
- The study explored the extent of online pharmacy use in Saudi Arabia through a survey of 633 respondents. Only 23.1% were aware of online pharmacies and just 2.7% had purchased medicines from them. Reasons for online purchases included unavailable medicines locally and lower prices. However, 457 respondents did not purchase online due to lack of licensing, quality concerns, and preference for face-to-face consultations. Over 40% expressed willingness to purchase certain non-prescription items online in the future if regulations ensure safety. The study concludes online pharmacy use is currently limited but may grow, calling for regulatory standards.
This document discusses ways to increase scientific publishing and research productivity at King Saud University. It defines key performance indicators for research including publications, citations, funding, and quality of journals. Factors that influence productivity are described, such as resources, policies, and individual characteristics. Areas of strength include funding and facilities, while areas for improvement involve management tools, purchasing systems, and industry partnerships. The university evaluates productivity objectively using metrics and subjectively by examining research centers.
This document discusses common mistakes in scientific research. It begins by defining scientific research and outlining the research process. It then explains that a flawless research process is difficult for young researchers due to a lack of experience and guidance. Some common mistakes discussed include selecting a research topic that is too broad or narrow, having unclear research objectives, conducting an insufficient literature review, failing to obtain necessary ethical approvals, and not implementing adequate measures to reduce bias. Additional mistakes relate to poor research methodology, errors in data collection and analysis, using improper statistical methods, and plagiarism in writing up results. Throughout, the document emphasizes the importance of learning from mistakes to conduct better research.
This document summarizes a presentation on research ethics and scientific publication. It discusses author responsibilities including submitting original work and obtaining proper permissions. It defines plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other ethical violations. It provides examples of plagiarized papers that were retracted from journals. It discusses how journals detect problems, handle ethical violations, and work to uphold integrity. It emphasizes sharing knowledge through peer-reviewed publication and the importance of ethical conduct in research.
The document discusses data analysis and negative results in scientific research. It provides examples of how negative results are underreported but still provide valuable information. It emphasizes that negative results:
1) Prevent wasted efforts on experiments that already failed,
2) Help identify false conclusions by focusing only on positive results, and
3) Can still provide important evidence against hypotheses or support the null hypothesis. Examples show how negative results advanced scientific understanding. The document argues negative results should receive the same rigorous interpretation and publication consideration as positive results.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
2. 11/7/2013
1
How to write a good publishable
manuscript
Prof. Afaf El-Ansary
What is the good manuscript?
• A good manuscript leads readers to
scientific significance immediately.
-Content is essential:
- contain a scientific message that is
clear, useful and exciting.
• Presentation is critical:
- conveys the authors thoughts in a
logical manner.
-Construct on a good format and written
in an excellent style.
How to write a good manuscript
• Preparations before starting:
- Construction of the article.
-Technical details.
• Check the originality of your idea at the early
beginning of your research.
-Have you done something new and
interesting?
-Is there anything challenging in your work?
-Is the work is directly related to hot topic?
-Have you provided solutions to any different
problems?
If all answers are yes, then startIf all answers are yes, then start
preparing your manuscriptpreparing your manuscript
3. 11/7/2013
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1: Every paper tells a story
the story is not what you did, but rather
what you show, new ideas, new insights
why interesting, important?
why is the story of interest to others?
universal truths, hot topic, surprises or unexpected
results?
know your story!
elevator pitch = summary that is short enough
to give during an elevator ride
You can write a world class
paper
• From title to references
• From submission to revision and
acceptance
• Ideally
– to share research findings and discoveries
with the hope of improving healthcare
– Your goal:
to infect the mind of your reader
with your idea, like a virus
• Practically
– to get funding
– to get promoted
– to get a job
– to keep your job!
4. 11/7/2013
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• Good science
• Good writing
• Publication in good journals
A good scientist =A good scientist =
• Novel – new and not resembling something
formerly known or used (can be novel but not
important)
• Mechanistic – testing a hypothesis
• Descriptive – describes how are things are.
• Good writing is a skill you can learn
• It’s a skill that is worth learning:
–You will get more brownie points (more
papers accepted etc)
–Your ideas will have more impact
–You will have better ideas
Increasing
importance
Organizing Analysis & WritingOrganizing Analysis & Writing
•• Use folders toUse folders to
organize your projectsorganize your projects
–– One folder perOne folder per
manuscriptmanuscript
–– Data, notes, relevantData, notes, relevant
articles, drafts of thearticles, drafts of the
paper, editorialpaper, editorial
correspondence, etc.correspondence, etc.
5. 11/7/2013
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A Place for WritingA Place for Writing
•• PeacefulPeaceful
–– Quiet, isolated, NoQuiet, isolated, No
noisenoise
•• No distractionsNo distractions
–– Clear your deskClear your desk
except for thingsexcept for things
relevant to yourrelevant to your
paperpaper
–– Avoid sharedAvoid shared
offices if possible.offices if possible.
•• Don’t try toDon’t try to
write if you’rewrite if you’re
really tiredreally tired
–– Have a nap andHave a nap and
then start againthen start again
freshfresh
–– Be happy if youBe happy if you
get in four goodget in four good
hours a dayhours a day
Keep writing is CriticalKeep writing is Critical
•• Work on just one thing at a timeWork on just one thing at a time
•• When working on a paper, do a little bitWhen working on a paper, do a little bit
every dayevery day (even on weekends)(even on weekends)
•• If you don’t feel like writing, just turn onIf you don’t feel like writing, just turn on
your computer and write one sentenceyour computer and write one sentence
–– If you don’t want to continue then stopIf you don’t want to continue then stop——but justbut just
getting started is often the hardest partgetting started is often the hardest part
•• Keep going until you finish the manuscriptKeep going until you finish the manuscript
Five Steps for Crafting yourFive Steps for Crafting your
PaperPaper
1)1) Do lots of analysis to explore yourDo lots of analysis to explore your
data thoroughlydata thoroughly
2)2) As you work, create publicationAs you work, create publication--
quality figures and tables that displayquality figures and tables that display
your key findingsyour key findings
3)3) Summarize your main resultsSummarize your main results
(including statistical tests) in the(including statistical tests) in the
Results section as you go.Results section as you go.
6. 11/7/2013
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44)As you analyze the data, insert ideas)As you analyze the data, insert ideas
within your paper outline.within your paper outline.
55) Then write the manuscript, starting) Then write the manuscript, starting
with the Introduction and progressingwith the Introduction and progressing
directly through the paperdirectly through the paper
•• Getting the first draft is the hardest part,Getting the first draft is the hardest part,
so don’t be perfectionistic: just write theso don’t be perfectionistic: just write the
paper and you can edit it laterpaper and you can edit it later
Before you write a paper…chick
the following:
1. Originality of your Idea
2. Type of Manuscript
3. Who is your audience
4. Choose the right journal
5. Author Guides
Decide the type of your manuscript
• Full articles/Original articles: the most important papers;
often substantial, completed pieces of research that are of
significance.
• Short communications: usually published for quick and
early communication of significant and original advances;
much shorter than full articles (usually strictly limited).
• Review papers: summarize recent developments on a
specific topic; highlight important points that have been
previously reported and introduce no new information;
often submitted on invitation.
• A standard format is used for scientific
articles, in which the author presents the
research in an orderly, logical manner.
• This doesn’t necessarily reflect the order in
which we did or thought about the work.
- TitleI AuthorsI Abstract, IntroductionI
Material and MethodsI Results (with Tables
and figures)I DiscussionI AcknowledgementI
References
7. 11/7/2013
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Manuscript preparationManuscript preparation
• Article title
-No more than 15 words
- No excessive punctuation: i.e. no
colons, commas, “etc.”
-Informative, but not inflated relevance
-Indicate species studied (human versus
animal model)
• The title of the paper is the most often
encountered part of any paper and therefore
has great importance in the success of the
paper. Abstracting and indexing services will
utilize the title, therefore, all words in the title
should be chosen with great care and their
association with other words in the title
carefully managed.
Assignment 1Assignment 1
Suggest a title for each of the two
provided abstracts.
• ONLY include those who have made an
intellectual contribution to the research
• OR those who will publicly defend the
data and conclusions, and who have
approved the final version
Author listing
8. 11/7/2013
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Authors' contributions
• AE designed the study and drafted the
manuscript.
• ABB helped to draft the manuscript and
performed the statistical analysis.
• LA provided samples and participated in the
design of the study. All authors have read and
approved the final manuscript.
• Most of the journals assume an order based on each
author’s importance to the study.
–The first author is primarily responsible for collecting
and analyzing data, and writing.
–The last one, an established investigator, assumes the
overall responsibility for the study.
–The middle authors are listed according to their
order of importance to the study.
Authorship ordering:
• The single most important thing about an
abstract is that it is a short document that is
intended to capture the interest of a potential
reader of your paper.
• Thus in a very important sense it is a
marketing document for your full paper.
• If the Abstract is poorly written or if it is
boring then it will not encourage a potential
reader to spend the time reading your work.
The abstract:
• Thus the first rule of Abstract
writing is that it should engage
the reader by telling him or her
what your paper is about and
why they should read it.
9. 11/7/2013
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• The marketing of your
proposed paper needs to be
done within the word limit
of 300 to 500 words. It is
poor practice not to use the
300 words and it is
considered a bad tactic to
go over the limit of 500.
• An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary
of the contents of the article;
• It allows readers to survey the content of an
article.
• Like the title, is used by abstracting and
information services to index the article.
• Key words are used to find the paper,
especially during computerised searches.
• Somewhere between 5 and 10 Key
Words are normally required and they
should be the words which most closely
reflect the content of the paper.
• Broad information on topic
– Previous research
• Narrower background information
– Need for study
• Focus of paper
– Hypothesis
• Summary of problem (selling point)
10. 11/7/2013
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• You're only writing a paper,
not a book.
• Your time for reading is
limited. The broader the topic
the more you must read in
order to cover all aspects of
that topic.
• You want to study a narrow
area deeply, not a broad area
superficially.
Study goals:
hypotheses
Broadest scope, designed to appeal
to diverse readers
Progressively narrower
scope: concepts, species,
geographical scale, etc.
with a smooth connection
at each transition to avoid
losing any readers
that we started with
Introduction
• if reader not excited by intro, paper is lost
• recipe:
– para. 1: motivation: broadly, what is problem
area, why important?
– para. 2: narrow down: what is problem you
specifically consider
– para. 3: “In the paper, we ….”: most crucial
paragraph, tell your elevator pitch
– para. 4: how different/better/relates to other
work
– para. 5: “The remainder of this paper is
structured as follows”
11. 11/7/2013
10
Know the basics of organized writing
• paragraph = ordered set of topically-related
sentences
• lead sentence
might tie to previous paragraph
• sentences in paragraph should have logical
narrative flow, relating to to topic
• don’t mix tenses in descriptive text
• one sentence paragraph is unacceptable.
Study the art of writing
• writing well gives you an advantage
• writing well helps in getting your work
published in top venues
• highly recommended:
• who do you think are the best writers in your
area: study their style
–Too much or not enough
information i.e:
–Unnecessary Length
–Unclear structure and
organisation
–Lack of purpose and direction
–Too many irrelevant details
–Not enough background context
–Too much background context
Put yourself in place of the
reader
• less is more:
– take the time to write less
• readers shouldn’t have to work
– won’t “dig” to get story, understand context,
results
• what does reader know/not know, want/not
want?
– write for reader, not for yourself
12. 11/7/2013
11
• Put enough information for reader to
understand what you write?
– no one has as much background/content as
you
– no one can read your mind
– all terms/notation defined?
Assignment II:
• Suggest the points to be covered in order to
write a perfect introduction related to any
of the titles below or any suggested point
related to your interest.
Oral carnosine supplementation preventsOral carnosine supplementation prevents
vascular damage in experimental diabeticvascular damage in experimental diabetic
retinopathy.retinopathy.
what did I do to answer my resarchwhat did I do to answer my resarch
question?question?
• Provides instruction on exactly how to repeat
experiment
–Subjects
–Sample preparation techniques
–Sample origins
–Field site description
–Data collection protocol
–Any computer programs used
–Data analysis techniques
–Description of equipment and its use
13. 11/7/2013
12
• Provide full details so
that the experiments are
reproducible.
• If the peer reviewer has
doubts that the
experiments could be
repeated, the manuscript
will be rejected.
• Organize the methods under
subheadings, with related methods
described together (e.g. subjects,
experimental design, Measurement
of…, Hormonal assays etc…).
NowNow youyou havehave toto
startstart thinkingthinking inin
orderorder toto writewrite aa
perfectperfect discussiondiscussion
14. 11/7/2013
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–Make a list of what you put in the results
on scrap paper
–Think about what these results tell you
about your hypothesis
–Plan a way to discuss them in a logical
order
–Consult your team authors.
Before you put pen to paper:
• If you apply or use new technique
you must evaluate the experimental
method used.
The Discussion depends on the nature theThe Discussion depends on the nature the
workwork
-State major findings
- Paraphrase abstract
First paragraph
15. 11/7/2013
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•Base each on a major result
• Always focus on your results
• Never discuss prior work
without reference to your work
• Refer Tables and Figures
Middle paragraphMiddle paragraph
• AND whether your findings are
realistic
• Should include references that
support and/or challenge your results
and ideas
Reference to your hypothesis
where these supported
• “In summary…” (2-3 sentences)
• Avoid speculation, avoid “need more
work”
Last paragraph
•• End with a concluding paragraph thatEnd with a concluding paragraph that
sums up:sums up:
–what you did
–what you found
–your main conclusions
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Why do Researchers Publish?
• To register a discovery as made by them
on a certain date
– priority, who was first, I. P. registration
• To get their research (and by implication
themselves) quality stamped by publication
in a journal of known quality
– you are what you publish
• To let their peers know what they have
done
– attract recognition, reward and collaboration
• To leave a permanent record of research
1. Check the originality of your idea
at the very beginning of your
research.
• Have you done something new and
interesting?
• Is there anything challenging in your work?
• Is the work directly related to a current hot
topic?
• Have you provided solutions to any difficult
problems?
3. Who is your Audience?
Topics of local or national relevance are
sometimes not interesting for an international
audience.
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• Factors involved include:
• The visibility of the journal,
• The focus of the journal and how well it
matches the topic of the manuscript,
• The impact factor of the journal,
• The timeliness of the editorial office process
and whether feedback is constructive,
• Journal accessibility,
• Author costs,
There are many variables influencing theThere are many variables influencing the
choice of journal for manuscript submission:choice of journal for manuscript submission: ISI Journal Citation ReportsISI Journal Citation Reports
(JCR)(JCR)
IMPACT FACTOR
number of citations received in current
year by papers published in the journal in
the previous two (or five) years
divided by
number of papers published in the journal
in the previous two (or five) years
Choose the
right journal
• Investigate all
candidate
journals to find
out:
– Aims and
scope
– Types of
articles
– Readership
– Current hot
topics
(go through
recent
Example
Read theRead the ‘‘Guide for AuthorsGuide for Authors’’! Again and! Again and
again!again!
• Apply the Guide for Authors to your
manuscript, even to the first draft (text
layout, paper citation, nomenclature,
figures and table, etc.). It will save your
time, and the editor’s.
• All editors hate wasting time on poorly
prepared manuscripts.
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Cover letterCover letter
• 2-3 paragraphs MAXIMUM
• Should introduce the study and the
authors
• Declare conflicts of interest
• Indicate that the findings are as yet
unpublished
• Suggest referees and list exclusions
•• Explain why your paper is important
` and novel but only in a precise `
manner.
PROOFREAD IT BEFORE
SUBMITTING
-correct journal, date, grammar
Assignment III:
• Write a short covering letter to editor.
Who moved your
manuscript?
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Role of the editorRole of the editor--inin--chiefchief
• Decides on acceptance of each paper (may
overrule reviewers)
• Decides on board members (together with
the publisher)
• Decides on journal policy (together with
board and publisher): aims & scope, article
types, reader- and authorship
• Public face of the journal
• Active member of the research community
(visits conferences, solicits papers from
best labs)
• Not an employee of the publisher!
Role of the editorial boardRole of the editorial board
• Board members are chosen for their
large network and experience in
important subjects within a research
field
• Advise the chief editor on specialized
areas
• Arrange for review of papers
• Occasionally review papers
• Act as ambassadors for the journal,
What are editors looking for?What are editors looking for?
–The authors appears to know the
journal
–The authors appears to know who
will be reading the paper
–Is the level of the paper suitable for
the readers?
–What is to be learned from the paper?
Peer ReviewPeer Review
• A methodological check
– soundness of argument
– supporting data and cited references
• Done by at least two professional
academics
– (“the reviewers”)
• Reviewers peer review without payment
– costs of administering the selection of
reviewers, postage and document costs are
borne by the journal
•• On average 30% more papers areOn average 30% more papers are
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Review processReview process
• Reviewers are normally given several
weeks to review the paper.
• They are asked to comment on its
accuracy, the validity of the comments
made and the conclusions reached by
the authors and then categorise the
paper under the headings of:
What are reviewers looking for?What are reviewers looking for?
– Does the paper match the journals aims
and scopes and instructions for authors
– Is of sufficient quality to be published
– Look closely at literature and meaning
– Context for research in area
– Reviewers chosen because of familiarity
with subject area
• Reject
• Accept, this might include a judgement on the
priority/importance of the paper
• Make suitable revisions; these could be minor
changes in text to more major changes, e.g.
repeated or additional experiments
• The reviewers are also asked to give specific
feedback to the authors of the paper. Peer
reviewers normally remain anonymous.
What about their decisions?What about their decisions? Responding to ReviewersResponding to Reviewers
• After submitting paper you will
often get comments from
reviewers.
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Do not respond immediately
Read the comments
Take a break
Then address the comments
Responding to reviewers andResponding to reviewers and
editors comments (1 of 2)editors comments (1 of 2)
•• What are the major comments?What are the major comments?
– Content questions, Perhaps a lack of
literature
– Unclear aims unsubstantiated conclusions,
– Theoretically flawed
•• What are the minor comments?What are the minor comments?
– lay out, referencing, rewrite abstract, shorten,
lengthen etc, further develop conclusion
Responding to reviewers andResponding to reviewers and
editors comments (2 of 2)editors comments (2 of 2)
1. Make all the changes you can.
2. Write a covering letter highlighting your
response to the reviewers comments
1. Note where you have responded positively
2. Note where and why you have chosen not to
respond to some comments. You cannot make
all the changes, or may not feel it is
appropriate to do so.
3. If in doubt talk to the editor – but be polite!
Example of reviewers andExample of reviewers and
editors commentseditors comments
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21
Rejected with
comments
May resubmit if
address
commentsAccepted!!
Submit it
somewhere else
Address
comments
& resubmit
Submit it
somewhere else
SUBMIT ARTICLE
Possible reviewers’ commentsPossible reviewers’ comments
Rejected
no review
Types of commentsTypes of comments
1. Valid criticisms that are easy to
address
2. Valid criticisms that are hard to
address
3. Invalid criticisms that you can show
are invalid (respectfully!)
4. Matters of opinion (not valid)
Valid criticisms that are hard toValid criticisms that are hard to
addressaddress
Reviewer’s Comment:
Hepatitis A virus was detected by PCR but it
has been shown that the primers used in this
study have homology with the pol gene of the
Hepatitis C virus. Thus, these results may not
be specific for Hepatitis A virus.
Try to address the limitationTry to address the limitation
Valid criticisms that are easy toValid criticisms that are easy to
addressaddress
Reviewer’s Comment:
When discussing the prevalence of dengue
virus, there was no mention of the prevalence
of dengue virus by age group. I think this
would be useful information.
Find the information and include it!!!!Find the information and include it!!!!
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Invalid criticismsInvalid criticisms
that you can show are invalidthat you can show are invalid
• Sometimes the reviewer has obviously
misunderstood something
- but make sure YOU didn’t
misunderstand
the reviewer!
• Tactfully answer:
“We have further clarified this
statement.”
Have a good attitudeHave a good attitude
• Be thankful to receive comments
Comments = Improvements of you
manuscript
• Graciously recognize the importance
of a comment and address it
Do you need to do moreDo you need to do more
experiments?experiments?
• If the reviewers’ requests are valid:
Do the additional experiments as soon as
possible!
Resubmit
• BUT
- You can try to persuade the editor that the
current collection of data is sufficient.
- One paper can’t answer every question.
The next paper will address further questions.
Reviewer #1
to Comment #4 ”..sample volume. The current
trend is to use smaller sample volumes."
We have sought to maintain the volume that
would be more consistent with using existing
ELISA reagents and clinical serum samples. We
currently use a sample volume of 150 ul but have
tested smaller sample volumes (e.g., 50 ul) with
some success. Our experimental results indicate
that the 150 ul volume works best for magnetic
washing and serum sample dilutions as well as
maximizes sensitivity.
Itemized response to reviewersItemized response to reviewers
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Reviewer #2,
As magnetic washing is a crucial step in this manuscript, it
needs to be further described in the introduction.
Comment
We agree that we should have been more specific about the
references for magnetic washing. We have added the
references that we believe are the first references to
magnetic washing using magnetic particles on a integrated
circuit sensor to the text (Page 4, line 6).
Itemized response to reviewers andItemized response to reviewers and BeBe
specificspecific
Reviewer #1
Page 11, lines 241-244:
The percentage of the de novo synthesis and inhibitory
effects should be indicated, including range of deviation
(indicate whether SD or SEM is presented).
Comment
The percentage of both de novo synthesis and the inhibitory
effect of Puromycin are now indicated in Figure 2a. The
error bars are representing SD, which is now specified in text
(page 11, line 243) and in legend of figure 2.
Itemized response to reviewersItemized response to reviewers
Examples in methods section
Itemized response to reviewersItemized response to reviewers
• List each reviewer’s comments
• Point out the page and section of the
manuscript that is being discussed.
• Address each point.
If you made a change:
- Show it
- Include the new text in your response
• If you didn’t make a change, say why not.
How to write point by pointHow to write point by point
response to reviewer comment.response to reviewer comment.
• Start with a positive statement.
e.g: Thank you for taking the time to
review this paper. We have addressed all
of your comments, as described in the
dialogue below. In summary, we have
performed a ...
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A point by point answers to
reviewers’ comments
• Thank you for taking the time to review
this paper. We have addressed all of your
comments, as described in the dialogue
below. In summary, we have performed all
mistakes and suggestions as
recommended by the reviewers and
marked in red.
ResubmissionsResubmissions
Make sure you include:
• Cover letter
- Clarify it is a resubmission
- Point out that the reviewers’ comments were
addressed
• Itemized response to reviewers
• New version of the manuscript
- paper/disc format (read instructions!)
• Include the same items that you included in
the first submission Ref: K. LaMarco & R. Ward
• Reviewer #2:
All results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 ; duplicating
the presentation in the form of Figs. 1-4 does not surve
any additional purpose. Thus all Figs. should be deleted.
Either keep t the Figs. Or Tables. Not both.
Tables have been removed from the manuscript as
recommended by the reviewer
• For such small number of observations the introduction is
too lengthy. This should be concise and short.
The introduction section has been shortened as suggested
Continued:
• better presentation combine Results and
Discussion and present a concise version.
We agree perfectly with the reviewer, the
results and discussion sections have been
shortened and combined as one section
as suggested.
• No need to describe methods in details. A
brief description with appropriate reference
will suffice.
Methods description has been shortened
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• There are still a few kinks in English. Get
these straightened out.
Written English has been improved along
the
manuscript.
• The statistical analysis should include
"Student's t-test".
Student's t-test is already used for the
statistical analysis together with ROC and
Pearson correlations. Please see page 7.
Resubmissions
• Make sure you include:
• Cover letter
- Clarify it is a resubmission
- Point out that the reviewers’ comments were
addressed
• Itemized response to reviewers
• New version of the manuscript
- paper/disc format (read instructions!)
• Include the same items that you included in the
first
Resubmit and waitResubmit and wait
• If it is rejected after you have addressed
the reviewers’ comments:
– DON’T GIVE UP! Maybe you need to do a few more
experiments. Maybe not!
– Try another journal
– Learn from the reviewers’ comments
• Don’t give up until you successfully publish your
paper!
– It’s important to share your results with the scientific
community
– Have patience and confidence
Role of the PublisherRole of the Publisher
• Editorial management
– acquisition of content
– monitor research trends
– monitor editorial office efficiency
– monitor key success indicators
– editorial renewal
• Business management
• Production and online hosting
• Sales and marketing
Solicit and
manage
submission
s
Manage
peer
review
Productio
n
Publish
and
dissemin
ate
Edit and
prepare
Archive
and
promote
27. 11/7/2013
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eTransformation
101
= print
= print + electronic
= eOnly
• In the 1990s, Elsevier made a
huge technology investment to
build ScienceDirect, launched in
1997
• Revolutionize the way
researchers access information
•Desktop access
•Articles in Press
• Change the traditional job scopes
of libraries
•Usage analysis
•Interaction with users
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Why Papers get Early RejectionWhy Papers get Early Rejection
(Part 1)(Part 1)
Aims and scope
• Paper is of limited interest or covers
local issues only (sample type,
geography, specific product, etc.).
• Paper is a routine application of well-
known methods
• Paper presents an incremental
advance or is limited in scope
• Novelty and significance are not
immediately evident or sufficiently well-
Why Papers get Early RejectionWhy Papers get Early Rejection
(Part 2)(Part 2)
Preparation
• Failure to meet submission
requirements
• Incomplete coverage of literature
• Unacceptably poor English
Rejection: not the end of theRejection: not the end of the
worldworld
• Everyone has papers rejected – do not
take it personally.
• Try to understand why the paper was
rejected.
• Note that you have received the benefit of
the editors and reviewers’ time; take their
advice seriously
• Re-evaluate your work and decide whether
it is appropriate to submit the paper
elsewhere.
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• Never treat publication as a lottery by
resubmitting a rejected manuscript
directly to another journal without
any significant revision!!! It won’t
save any of your time and energy…
• The original reviewers (even editors) may eventually find
it, which can lead to towards the author.
• A suggested strategy
– In your cover letter, declare that the paper was rejected
and name the journal.
– Include the referees’ reports and a detailed letter of
response, showing how each comment has been
addressed.
– Explain why you are resubmitting the paper to this journal,
e.g., this journal is a more appropriate journal; the
manuscript has been improved as a result of its previous
review; etc.
What gets you accepted?
•• AAttention to details
•• CCheck and double check your work
•• CConsider the reviews
•• EEnglish must be as good as possible
•• PPresentation is important
•• TTake your time with revision
•• AAcknowledge those who have helped
you
•• NNew, original and previously
unpublished
•• CCritically evaluate your own manuscript
•• EEthical rules must be obeyed
…and my publishing advice is as
follows:
• Submit to the right journal
(scope and prestige)
• Submit to one journal only
• Do not submit “salami” article
• Pay attention to journal
requirements
• Pay attention to structure
• Check the English
• Pay attention to ethical
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Ethical Issues
Unethical behavior could lead to rejectionUnethical behavior could lead to rejection
of your manuscriptof your manuscript
Unethical behavior includes:
•Multiple submissions
•Plagiarism
•Data fabrication and falsification
•Improper use of human subjects and animals in
research
•Improper author contribution
Multiple submissions
• Multiple submissions save your time but waste
editors’
The editorial process of your manuscripts will be
completely stopped if the duplicated submissions
are
discovered
“It is considered to be unethical…We have
thrown out a paper when an author was
caught doing this. I believe that the other
journal did the same thing”
James C. Hower, Editor, International Journal of
Coal
Geology
Plagiarism
“Plagiarism is the appropriation of another
person’s ideas, processes, results, or words
without giving appropriate credit, including
those obtained through confidential review
of
others’ research proposals and
manuscripts”
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Plagiarism
“Presenting the data or interpretations of others
without crediting them, and thereby gaining for
yourself the rewards earned by others.
Bruce Railsback, Professor, Department of
Geology, University of Georgia
Paraphrasing
• Original (Gratz, 1982):
Bilateral vagotomy resulted in an increase in tidal
volume but a depression in respiratory frequency
such that total ventilation did not change.
• Restatement 1:
Gratz (1982) showed that bilateral vagotomy
resulted in an increase in tidal volume but a
depression in respiratory frequency such that total
ventilation did not change.
Ronald K. Gratz. Using Other’s Words and Ideas.
Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological
University
Paraphrasing
• Original (Buchanan, 1996):
What makes intentionally killing a human being a
moral wrong for which the killer is to be
condemned is that the killer did this morally bad
thing not inadvertently or even negligently, but with
a conscious purpose – with eyes open and a will
directed toward that very object.
• Restatement 2:
Buchanan (1996) states that we condemn a person
who intentionally kills a human being because he
did a "morally bad thing" not through negligence or
accident but with open eyes and a direct will to take
that life.
Unethical research
• Experiments on human subjects or
animals should follow related ethical
standards, namely, the Helsinki
Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000
(5).
• If doubt exists concerning the compliance
of the research with the Helsinki
Declaration, authors must explain the
rationale for their approach and
demonstrate approval from the institutional
review body.
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How to Submit Papers to ISI Journals
www.sciencedirect.com
Online submission of your
manuscript