This poster paper presents a new adaptive neuro-fuzzy approach for under frequency load shedding (UFLS) to maintain power system stability. Conventional UFLS systems shed a fixed amount of load regardless of the disturbance location. The proposed method uses an adaptive neuro-fuzzy controller to determine the optimal amount of load to shed based on the rate of change of frequency. Simulation results on an Andhra Pradesh grid case study show the neuro-fuzzy approach provides load shedding values close to actual amounts, improving over conventional and individual neural network or fuzzy logic methods. This adaptive technique could provide improved reliability and reduced energy losses during power disturbances.
An approach for a multi-stage under-frequency based load shedding scheme for...IJECEIAES
The integration of load shedding schemes with mainstream protection in power system networks is vital. The traditional power system network incorporates different protection schemes to protect its components. Once the power network reaches its maximum limits, and the load demand continue to increase the whole system will experience power system instability. The system frequency usually drops due to the loss of substantial generation creating imbalance. The best method to recover the system from instability is by introducing an under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme in parallel with the protection schemes. This paper proposed a new UFLS scheme used in power systems and industry to maintain stability. Three case studies were implemented in this paper. Multi-stage decisionmaking algorithms load shedding in the environment of the DIgSILENT power factory platform is developed. The proposed algorithm speeds-up the operation of the UFLS scheme. The load shedding algorithm of the proposed scheme is implemented as a systematic process to achieve stability of the power network which is exposed to different operating conditions. The flexibility of the proposed scheme is validated with the modified IEEE 39-bus New England model. The application of the proposed novel UFLS schemes will contribute further to the development of new types of engineers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
These slides explain about MPPT control and different approaches for wind generation system. Later I will show the comparative results with MATLAB simulation.
An approach for a multi-stage under-frequency based load shedding scheme for...IJECEIAES
The integration of load shedding schemes with mainstream protection in power system networks is vital. The traditional power system network incorporates different protection schemes to protect its components. Once the power network reaches its maximum limits, and the load demand continue to increase the whole system will experience power system instability. The system frequency usually drops due to the loss of substantial generation creating imbalance. The best method to recover the system from instability is by introducing an under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme in parallel with the protection schemes. This paper proposed a new UFLS scheme used in power systems and industry to maintain stability. Three case studies were implemented in this paper. Multi-stage decisionmaking algorithms load shedding in the environment of the DIgSILENT power factory platform is developed. The proposed algorithm speeds-up the operation of the UFLS scheme. The load shedding algorithm of the proposed scheme is implemented as a systematic process to achieve stability of the power network which is exposed to different operating conditions. The flexibility of the proposed scheme is validated with the modified IEEE 39-bus New England model. The application of the proposed novel UFLS schemes will contribute further to the development of new types of engineers.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
These slides explain about MPPT control and different approaches for wind generation system. Later I will show the comparative results with MATLAB simulation.
The ETSO does not have a grid code but all the regional transmission system
operators should follow the standard specifications in order to enhance network
operation and maintain transmission system security.
The regional TSOs have interconnection guidelines, for example Nordel grid code
was developed for the transmission systems operators in Scandinavia and Finland.
The code is a collection of rules concerning the interconnected Nordic grids.
Another case is the “UCTE Operation Handbook”. This is an up to date collection of
operation principles and rules for the transmission system operators in continental
Europe. This operation handbook therefore serves as the reference (“legislation”) for
the grid operation by the TSOs and guarantees the UCTE’s quality and reliability
standards.
In the following section a comparison is made among the requirements for
transmission capacity, frequency, voltage, emergency conditions, thermal and hydro
power units and renewable energies for the transmission system operator’s
organizations in Europe.
II.1.1 Transmission capacity
In the Nordel grid code, the transmission capacity is determined by the technical limit
for active power that can be continuously transmitted over a grid section with a
starting point in an intact network. The trading capacity is usually low, between 5 and
10 % and it is agreed between Nordel and the TSOs.
There are some requirements for interconnections between Nordel and other areas
which are:
The control systems for new HVDC interconnections should be adapted so
that the risk of multiple commutation failures in the event of a dimensioning
fault is minimized.
Frequency controlled step or ramp variation of the power is permitted when
the frequency is below 49.5 Hz.
The rules shall be used for the joint, synchronized Nordic transmission grid.
This concerns principally the main grid, mainly 220 - 420 kV.
Grid Codes Comparison ERCOT,ISO New England, ISO California , PJM , New York ...Power System Operation
California ISO .
ERCOT (Texas) .
ISO New England .
Midwest ISO .
New York ISO .
PJM Interconnection (Mid-Atlantic) .
Regional Transmission Organization for New England .
Before the privatization and liberalization of the electricity market; generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity, could be managed by the same company.
After the deregulation process there are different companies in the electricity market.
As a consequence, utilities around the world have prepared grid code documents
which specify plant performance to meet the technical specifications and operational
characteristics. The grid code documents will vary depending on the local regulatory,
legal and technical environment.
A Novel Back Up Wide Area Protection Technique for Power Transmission Grids U...Power System Operation
Current differential protection relays are widely applied
to the protection of electrical plant due to their simplicity,
sensitivity and stability for internal and external faults. The proposed
idea has the feature of unit protection relays to protect large
power transmission grids based on phasor measurement units. The
principle of the protection scheme depends on comparing positive
sequence voltage magnitudes at each bus during fault conditions
inside a system protection center to detect the nearest bus to
the fault. Then the absolute differences of positive sequence current
angles are compared for all lines connecting to this bus to
detect the faulted line. The new technique depends on synchronized
phasor measuring technology with high speed communication
system and time transfer GPS system. The simulation of the interconnecting
system is applied on 500 kV Egyptian network using
Matlab Simulink. The new technique can successfully distinguish
between internal and external faults for interconnected lines. The
new protection scheme works as unit protection system for long
transmission lines. The time of fault detection is estimated by 5
msec for all fault conditions and the relay is evaluated as a back
up relay based on the communication speed for data transferring.
These slides presents an overall discussion on fault location techniques generally used in present power transmission and distribution system. Later of the class we will discuss about the implementation principles and mathematical formulations.
WAMS-Based SSR Damping Controller Design for FACTS Devices and Investigating ...IJPEDS-IAES
Recent technological progresses in the wide-area measurement systems
(WAMS) are realizing the centralized controls as a breakthrough for
improving the power systems stability. The most challenging deficiency
against WAMS technology is related to communication delays. If this latency
is neglected, it can deteriorate the damping performance of closed loop
control or even degrade the system stability. This paper investigates a
conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for a static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to damp out the Sub-Synchronous
Resonance (SSR) and also investigation of the destructive effect of time
delay in remote feedback signal. A new optimization algorithm called
teaching-learning-based- optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been
implemented to normalize and optimize the parameters of the global SSR
damping controller. The IEEE Second Benchmark Model is considered as the
system under study and all simulations are carried out in
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Compensation of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Voltage Sag and Swell Using Dyna...IJAPEJOURNAL
DVR is a equipment which was connected in series and adjusting the loading voltage by feeding the voltage in system. The first installation was in 1996. usually DVR installed between sensitive loads feeder and source in distribution system .The main duty, fast support load voltage (by fast detection algorithm) during disturbance to avoid any disconnection. in this paper approaches to compensate for voltage sag and swell as a common disturbance in voltage transmission and distribution networks is presented. A dynamic voltage restorer based on the dq0 algorithm for three-phase and dynamic voltage restorer based on the average detection method for single-phase are discussed, also in this paper we compare the two methods used to compensate the single-phase and three-phase process. result of three-phase and single-phase voltage sag and swell simulation has been presented by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
These slides present various communications and measurement technology applied for smart grid. Later of the class I will present the same at advance level.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Load shedding in power system considering the generator control and AHP algor...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes the load shedding method with considering the ranking load importance factors. The amount of shedding power is calculated based on the Primary and Secondary adjustments to restore the system’s frequency back to allowed range. The ranking and distribution shedding power on each load bus will be prosed based on the AHP algorithm. Loads with the smaller importance factor will have priority to be shed with the larger amount of shedding power and vice versa. The experimental and simulated results will be estimated on IEEE 37- bus system, the results show that the proposed method can help the frequency restores back to nominal range and reduce damages compared to the UFLS method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzz...IJECEIAES
Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a largescale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
Optimal Coordination of DOCR for Radial Distribution Systems in Presence of TCSCIJPEDS-IAES
Protective relays coordination is the process of determining the exact relay
settings such that the relay closes to the fault would operates faster than other
relays. The operating time of each relay depends on two independent
variables called Pickup current (Ip) and Time Dial Setting (TDS). In this
paper, a PSO algorithm has been presented to determine the coordination of
Directional Over-Current Relays (DOCRs) in presence of multi-system
FACTS devises. From the simulation result and analysis, the impact of TCSC
location in the in 33-bus distribution system on Directional Over-Current
Relays has been observed on the optimal relays settings as well as the
effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in finding optimal coordination of
directional over-current relays.
International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS) VLSICS Design
In circuits, clocks usually play a very important role. Whenever data needs to be sampled, it is done with respect to clock signals. It uses the edges of the clock to sample the data. So, it becomes very much necessary to see to it that the clock signals are properly received specially in receiver circuits where data sampling is done, mainly in Double data rate(DDR) circuits. Due to effects such as jitter, skew, interference, device mismatches etc., duty cycle gets affected. We come up with duty cycle correctors that ensure 50% duty cycle of the clock signals. A duty cycle corrector (DCC) with analog feedback is proposed and simulated in 45nm process technology node. The duty cycle corrector operates for MHz frequency range covering the duty cycle from 35%-65%, with +/- 1.5% accuracy. The design is simple and the power consumption is 1.01mW.
Neural Network-Based Stabilizer for the Improvement of Power System Dynamic P...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper develops an adaptive control coordination scheme for power system stabilizers (PSSs)
to improve the oscillation damping and dynamic performance of interconnected multimachine power
system. The scheme was based on the use of a neural network which identifies online the optimal
controller parameters. The inputs to the neural network include the active- and reactive- power of the
synchronous generators which represent the power loading on the system, and elements of the reduced
nodal impedance matrix for representing the power system configuration. The outputs of the neural
network were the parameters of the PSSs which lead to optimal oscillation damping for the prevailing
system configuration and operating condition. For a representative power system, the neural network has
been trained and tested for a wide range of credible operating conditions and contingencies. Both
eigenvalue calculations and time-domain simulations were used in the testing and verification of the
performance of the neural network-based stabilizer.
This presentation discuss about the possible signal processing applications for the future smart grid. Later I will discuss about the basics of digital signal processing techniques widely applied in smart grid applications.
Joint State and Parameter Estimation by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) techniqueIJERD Editor
In order to increase power system stability and reliability during and after disturbances, power grid
global and local controllers must be developed. SCADA system provides steady and low sampling density. To
remove these limitation PMUs are being rapidly adopted worldwide. Dynamic states of power system can be
estimated using EKF. This requires field excitation as input which may not available. As a result, the EKF with
unknown inputs proposed for identifying and estimating the states and the unknown inputs of the synchronous
machine.
This slide presents about the basic and importance about load shedding in smart microgrid distribution systems. Later of the class i will discuss about in detail on the process of executing the load shedding.
Combinational load shedding using load frequency control and voltage stabili...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a load shedding program for evaluating and distributing the minimum load power to be curtailed required to bring the frequency and voltage, after the system was subjected to a heavy disturbance, to the allowable range for each load bus. The quantity of load shedding was estimated to restore the power system's frequency, taking into account the turbine governor's primary control and the generators' reserve power for secondary control. Calculation and review of the load bus's voltage stability indicator (Li) to prioritize the load shedding quantity at these locations. The lower the voltage stability indicator on the load bus, the less load shedding can occur, and vice versa. The frequency and voltage values are still within allowable ranges with this approach, and a significant amount of load shedding can be prevented, resulting in a reduction in customer service interruption. The proposed method's efficacy was demonstrated when it was checked against the IEEE 30 bus 6 generators power system standard simulated in MATLAB environment and it minimize the power to be shed by around 20% of the conventional load shedding schemes.
The ETSO does not have a grid code but all the regional transmission system
operators should follow the standard specifications in order to enhance network
operation and maintain transmission system security.
The regional TSOs have interconnection guidelines, for example Nordel grid code
was developed for the transmission systems operators in Scandinavia and Finland.
The code is a collection of rules concerning the interconnected Nordic grids.
Another case is the “UCTE Operation Handbook”. This is an up to date collection of
operation principles and rules for the transmission system operators in continental
Europe. This operation handbook therefore serves as the reference (“legislation”) for
the grid operation by the TSOs and guarantees the UCTE’s quality and reliability
standards.
In the following section a comparison is made among the requirements for
transmission capacity, frequency, voltage, emergency conditions, thermal and hydro
power units and renewable energies for the transmission system operator’s
organizations in Europe.
II.1.1 Transmission capacity
In the Nordel grid code, the transmission capacity is determined by the technical limit
for active power that can be continuously transmitted over a grid section with a
starting point in an intact network. The trading capacity is usually low, between 5 and
10 % and it is agreed between Nordel and the TSOs.
There are some requirements for interconnections between Nordel and other areas
which are:
The control systems for new HVDC interconnections should be adapted so
that the risk of multiple commutation failures in the event of a dimensioning
fault is minimized.
Frequency controlled step or ramp variation of the power is permitted when
the frequency is below 49.5 Hz.
The rules shall be used for the joint, synchronized Nordic transmission grid.
This concerns principally the main grid, mainly 220 - 420 kV.
Grid Codes Comparison ERCOT,ISO New England, ISO California , PJM , New York ...Power System Operation
California ISO .
ERCOT (Texas) .
ISO New England .
Midwest ISO .
New York ISO .
PJM Interconnection (Mid-Atlantic) .
Regional Transmission Organization for New England .
Before the privatization and liberalization of the electricity market; generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity, could be managed by the same company.
After the deregulation process there are different companies in the electricity market.
As a consequence, utilities around the world have prepared grid code documents
which specify plant performance to meet the technical specifications and operational
characteristics. The grid code documents will vary depending on the local regulatory,
legal and technical environment.
A Novel Back Up Wide Area Protection Technique for Power Transmission Grids U...Power System Operation
Current differential protection relays are widely applied
to the protection of electrical plant due to their simplicity,
sensitivity and stability for internal and external faults. The proposed
idea has the feature of unit protection relays to protect large
power transmission grids based on phasor measurement units. The
principle of the protection scheme depends on comparing positive
sequence voltage magnitudes at each bus during fault conditions
inside a system protection center to detect the nearest bus to
the fault. Then the absolute differences of positive sequence current
angles are compared for all lines connecting to this bus to
detect the faulted line. The new technique depends on synchronized
phasor measuring technology with high speed communication
system and time transfer GPS system. The simulation of the interconnecting
system is applied on 500 kV Egyptian network using
Matlab Simulink. The new technique can successfully distinguish
between internal and external faults for interconnected lines. The
new protection scheme works as unit protection system for long
transmission lines. The time of fault detection is estimated by 5
msec for all fault conditions and the relay is evaluated as a back
up relay based on the communication speed for data transferring.
These slides presents an overall discussion on fault location techniques generally used in present power transmission and distribution system. Later of the class we will discuss about the implementation principles and mathematical formulations.
WAMS-Based SSR Damping Controller Design for FACTS Devices and Investigating ...IJPEDS-IAES
Recent technological progresses in the wide-area measurement systems
(WAMS) are realizing the centralized controls as a breakthrough for
improving the power systems stability. The most challenging deficiency
against WAMS technology is related to communication delays. If this latency
is neglected, it can deteriorate the damping performance of closed loop
control or even degrade the system stability. This paper investigates a
conventional Wide Area Damping Controller (WADC) for a static
synchronous series compensator (SSSC) to damp out the Sub-Synchronous
Resonance (SSR) and also investigation of the destructive effect of time
delay in remote feedback signal. A new optimization algorithm called
teaching-learning-based- optimization (TLBO) algorithm has been
implemented to normalize and optimize the parameters of the global SSR
damping controller. The IEEE Second Benchmark Model is considered as the
system under study and all simulations are carried out in
MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
Compensation of Single-Phase and Three-Phase Voltage Sag and Swell Using Dyna...IJAPEJOURNAL
DVR is a equipment which was connected in series and adjusting the loading voltage by feeding the voltage in system. The first installation was in 1996. usually DVR installed between sensitive loads feeder and source in distribution system .The main duty, fast support load voltage (by fast detection algorithm) during disturbance to avoid any disconnection. in this paper approaches to compensate for voltage sag and swell as a common disturbance in voltage transmission and distribution networks is presented. A dynamic voltage restorer based on the dq0 algorithm for three-phase and dynamic voltage restorer based on the average detection method for single-phase are discussed, also in this paper we compare the two methods used to compensate the single-phase and three-phase process. result of three-phase and single-phase voltage sag and swell simulation has been presented by MATLAB/SIMULINK.
These slides present various communications and measurement technology applied for smart grid. Later of the class I will present the same at advance level.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Load shedding in power system considering the generator control and AHP algor...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes the load shedding method with considering the ranking load importance factors. The amount of shedding power is calculated based on the Primary and Secondary adjustments to restore the system’s frequency back to allowed range. The ranking and distribution shedding power on each load bus will be prosed based on the AHP algorithm. Loads with the smaller importance factor will have priority to be shed with the larger amount of shedding power and vice versa. The experimental and simulated results will be estimated on IEEE 37- bus system, the results show that the proposed method can help the frequency restores back to nominal range and reduce damages compared to the UFLS method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Coordination of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Type-2 Fuzz...IJECEIAES
Intelligent control included ANFIS and type-2 fuzzy (T2FLS) controllers grown-up rapidly and these controllers are applied successfully in power system control. Meanwhile, small signal stability problem appear in a largescale power system (LSPS) due to load fluctuation. If this problem persists, and can not be solved, it will develop blackout on the LSPS. How to improve the LSPS stability due to load fluctuation is done in this research by coordinating of PSS based on ANFIS and T2FLS. The ANFIS parameters are obtained automatically by training process. Meanwhile, the T2FLS parameters are determined based on the knowledge that obtained from the ANFIS parameters. Input membership function (MF) of the ANFIS is 5 Gaussian MFs. On the other hand, input MF of the T2FLS is 3 Gaussian MFs. Results show that the T2FLS-PSS is able to maintain the stability by decreasing peak overshoot for rotor speed and angle. The T2FLS-PSS makes the settling time is shorter for rotor speed and angle on local mode oscillation as well as on inter-area oscillation than conventional/ ANFIS-PSS. Also, the T2FLS-PSS gives better performance than the other PSS when tested on single disturbance and multiple disturbances.
Optimal Coordination of DOCR for Radial Distribution Systems in Presence of TCSCIJPEDS-IAES
Protective relays coordination is the process of determining the exact relay
settings such that the relay closes to the fault would operates faster than other
relays. The operating time of each relay depends on two independent
variables called Pickup current (Ip) and Time Dial Setting (TDS). In this
paper, a PSO algorithm has been presented to determine the coordination of
Directional Over-Current Relays (DOCRs) in presence of multi-system
FACTS devises. From the simulation result and analysis, the impact of TCSC
location in the in 33-bus distribution system on Directional Over-Current
Relays has been observed on the optimal relays settings as well as the
effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in finding optimal coordination of
directional over-current relays.
International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS) VLSICS Design
In circuits, clocks usually play a very important role. Whenever data needs to be sampled, it is done with respect to clock signals. It uses the edges of the clock to sample the data. So, it becomes very much necessary to see to it that the clock signals are properly received specially in receiver circuits where data sampling is done, mainly in Double data rate(DDR) circuits. Due to effects such as jitter, skew, interference, device mismatches etc., duty cycle gets affected. We come up with duty cycle correctors that ensure 50% duty cycle of the clock signals. A duty cycle corrector (DCC) with analog feedback is proposed and simulated in 45nm process technology node. The duty cycle corrector operates for MHz frequency range covering the duty cycle from 35%-65%, with +/- 1.5% accuracy. The design is simple and the power consumption is 1.01mW.
Neural Network-Based Stabilizer for the Improvement of Power System Dynamic P...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper develops an adaptive control coordination scheme for power system stabilizers (PSSs)
to improve the oscillation damping and dynamic performance of interconnected multimachine power
system. The scheme was based on the use of a neural network which identifies online the optimal
controller parameters. The inputs to the neural network include the active- and reactive- power of the
synchronous generators which represent the power loading on the system, and elements of the reduced
nodal impedance matrix for representing the power system configuration. The outputs of the neural
network were the parameters of the PSSs which lead to optimal oscillation damping for the prevailing
system configuration and operating condition. For a representative power system, the neural network has
been trained and tested for a wide range of credible operating conditions and contingencies. Both
eigenvalue calculations and time-domain simulations were used in the testing and verification of the
performance of the neural network-based stabilizer.
This presentation discuss about the possible signal processing applications for the future smart grid. Later I will discuss about the basics of digital signal processing techniques widely applied in smart grid applications.
Joint State and Parameter Estimation by Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) techniqueIJERD Editor
In order to increase power system stability and reliability during and after disturbances, power grid
global and local controllers must be developed. SCADA system provides steady and low sampling density. To
remove these limitation PMUs are being rapidly adopted worldwide. Dynamic states of power system can be
estimated using EKF. This requires field excitation as input which may not available. As a result, the EKF with
unknown inputs proposed for identifying and estimating the states and the unknown inputs of the synchronous
machine.
This slide presents about the basic and importance about load shedding in smart microgrid distribution systems. Later of the class i will discuss about in detail on the process of executing the load shedding.
Combinational load shedding using load frequency control and voltage stabili...IJECEIAES
This paper proposes a load shedding program for evaluating and distributing the minimum load power to be curtailed required to bring the frequency and voltage, after the system was subjected to a heavy disturbance, to the allowable range for each load bus. The quantity of load shedding was estimated to restore the power system's frequency, taking into account the turbine governor's primary control and the generators' reserve power for secondary control. Calculation and review of the load bus's voltage stability indicator (Li) to prioritize the load shedding quantity at these locations. The lower the voltage stability indicator on the load bus, the less load shedding can occur, and vice versa. The frequency and voltage values are still within allowable ranges with this approach, and a significant amount of load shedding can be prevented, resulting in a reduction in customer service interruption. The proposed method's efficacy was demonstrated when it was checked against the IEEE 30 bus 6 generators power system standard simulated in MATLAB environment and it minimize the power to be shed by around 20% of the conventional load shedding schemes.
The Enhanced Performance SVC for Transient Instability Oscillation DampingPower System Operation
To utilise green energy, renewables have penetrated into utility. However, its intermittent nature affects on power quality and
network stability. Static var compensators (SVCs) have been installed in order to gain power quality improvement. Nevertheless,
lacking of real power support, the SVCs cannot minimise any instability. This paper presents a technique to provide the SVCs the
ability to enhance their performance. Dynamic oscillation damper is co-located with a typical SVC, offering ability to damp
oscillations. Simulation shows the proposed system performance was greatly enhanced. This envisages future applications,
where a combination of distributed generators and renewables causes severe interaction.
A New Under-Frequency Load Shedding Method Using the Voltage Electrical Dista...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes a method for determining location to shed the load in order to recover the frequency back to the allowable range. Prioritize distribution of the load shedding at load bus positions based on the voltage electrical distance between the outage generator and the loads. The nearer the load bus from the outage generator is, the sooner the load bus will shed and vice versa. Finally, by selecting the rate of change of generation active power, rate of change of active power of load, rate of change of frequency, rate of change of branches active power and rate of change of voltage in the system as the input to an Artificial Neural Network, the generators outage, the load shedding bus are determined in a short period of time to maintain the stability of the system. With this technique, a large amount of load shedding could be avoided, hence, saved from economic losses. The effectiveness of the proposed method tested on the IEEE 39 Bus New England has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.
A voltage sensitivity index application for power system load shedding consid...IJAEMSJORNAL
This paper proposes a method for calculating the minimum amount of power load needed to shed and distributing it for each load bus in order to recover the frequency and voltage back to the allowable range. Based on the consideration of the primary control of the turbine governor and the reserve power of the generators for secondary control, the minimum amount of load shedding was calculated in order to recover the frequency of the power system. Computation and analysis of Voltage Sensitivity Index (VSI) of the load bus to prioritize distribution of the amount power load shedding at these positions. The lower the load bus have the Voltage Sensitivity Index (VSI), the higher the amount of load shedding will shed and vice versa. With this technique, frequency and voltage value are still within allowable range, and a large amount of load shedding could be avoided, hence, saved from economic losses, and customer service interruption. The effectiveness of the proposed method tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators power system standard has demonstrated the effectiveness of this method.
Effects of the Droop Speed Governor and Automatic Generation Control AGC on G...IJAPEJOURNAL
In power system, as any inequality between production and consumption results in an instantaneous change in frequency from nominal, frequency should be always monitored and controlled. Traditionally, frequency regulation is provided by varying the power output of generators which have restricted ramp rates. The Automatic Generation Control AGC process performs the task of adjusting system generation to meet the load demand and of regulating the large system frequency changes. A result of the mismatches between system load and system generation, system frequency and the desired value of 50 Hz is the accumulation of time error. How equilibrium system frequency is calculated if load parameters are frequency dependent, and how can frequency be controlled. Also, how do parameters of a speed governor affect generated power. The transient processes before system frequency settles down to steady state. Finally, AGC in what way is it different from governor action. This paper presents new approaches for AGC of power system including two areas having one steam turbines and one hydro turbine tied together through power lines.
Load frequency control in co ordination with frequency controllable hvdc link...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper decentralized load frequency control (LFC) for suppression of oscillations in multi-area power systems using fuzzy logic
controller was studied. A three area system is considered in which areas 1 and 2 and areas 1 and 3 are connected by HVDC
transmission links and areas 2 and 3 are connected by normal AC tie-line. The performance of the fuzzy logic controller is compared
with the conventional PI controller and the simulation results shows that fuzzy logic controller is very effective enhancing better
damping performance in non-linear conditions.
Keywords: Load Frequency Control, High Voltage Direct Current transmission Link, Proportional Integral Controller,
Fuzzy Logic Control.
A hybrid artificial neural network-genetic algorithm for load shedding IJECEIAES
This paper proposes the method of applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with Back Propagation (BP) algorithm in combination or hybrid with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to propose load shedding strategies in the power system. The Genetic Algorithm is used to support the training of Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) to improve regression ability, minimize errors and reduce the training time. Besides, the Relief algorithm is used to reduce the number of input variables of the neural network. The minimum load shedding with consideration of the primary and secondary control is calculated to restore the frequency of the electrical system. The distribution of power load shedding at each load bus of the system based on the phase electrical distance between the outage generator and the load buses. The simulation results have been verified through using MATLAB and PowerWorld software systems. The results show that the Hybrid Gen-Bayesian algorithm (GA-Trainbr) has a remarkable superiority in accuracy as well as training time. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested on the IEEE 37 bus 9 generators standard system diagram showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
This presentation represents Power system Protection & Transient Stability introduction.
Protection systems must be designed with both primary protection and backup protection in case primary protection devices fail
There are several common protection schemes; multiple overlapping schemes are usually used
To avoid inadvertent tripping for faults on other transmission lines, impedance relays usually have several zones of protectionIn order to study the transient response of a power system we need to develop models for the generator valid during the transient time frame of several seconds following a system disturbance
Frequency Response Assessment: Parameter Identification of Simplified Governo...Power System Operation
With a growing share of inverter-interfaced generation
in modern power systems, synchronous inertia is
declining. This leads to faster frequency drop after large
generation trip events. During low inertia conditions,
frequency containment reserves might not be sufficient
to arrest frequency before it reaches the threshold for
underfrequency load shedding. It is therefore becoming
increasingly important for system operators to be able to
assess frequency response in near real time. In contrast to
detailed models, simplified models offer short simulation
times and their parameters can be accurately identified
and adapted to changing system conditions in near real
time. In this paper, the parameters of governor response
models are identified by minimizing the error residuals
between the simulation models’ and the actual system’s
measured active power response. This is accomplished
by using historic event data from two system operators:
the Electric Reliability Council Of Texas (ERCOT) and
the Swedish Svenska kraftnät (Svk). Then, the respective
frequency response models are simulated to assess
frequency response. The results show that, despite their
simplicity, the models provide a very good fit compared
to the actual response. The models of ERCOT and
Svk are examined; however, a similar approach can be
employed to represent the frequency response of other
power systems.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
An Automatic Load Controller for Domestic Applicationsijtsrd
This paper presents a system to avoid the procedure of load shedding. Here the relation with frequency and power is utilized. A system of automatic controlling of devices which will help us to save the power to a greater extend is proposed here. For each device connected to the system, a cutoff frequency is fixed. When the frequency of the power supply goes below this cutoff frequency, the particular device will be automatically turned off and the device will return to its normal operating condition when the frequency reaches its normal value. Haritha A S "An Automatic Load Controller for Domestic Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31234.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31234/an-automatic-load-controller-for-domestic-applications/haritha-a-s
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Design Fuzzy-PI Based Controller for Load Frequency Control of Thermal - Ther...ijtsrd
This paper presents how to design proportional integral controller and Fuzzy-PI based controller for efficiently load frequency control. Loads on the electrical system always vary in relation to that time, which results in diversity of frequency, causing frequency control problems to be loaded. The frequency difference is highly undesirable and the maximum allowable difference in frequency is ± 0.5 Hz. This paper load frequency control is done by PI controller, which is a conventional controller. This type of controller is slow and the controller does not allow the designer to keep in mind the potential change in operating conditions and non-linearity in the generator unit. To overcome these flaws, new intelligent controllers like Fuzzy-PI Controller are presented to extinguish tie-line power due to deviation in frequency and various load disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed controller has been confirmed using the MATLAB SIMULINK software. The results show that the PI-fuzzy controller provides fast response, little undershoots and negligible overshoot with small state transfer time to reach the final stable position. Ajay Kumar Maurya | Dr. G. K. Banerjee | Dr. Piush Kumar "Design Fuzzy-PI Based Controller for Load Frequency Control of Thermal - Thermal Area Interconnected Power System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19164.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/19164/design-fuzzy-pi-based-controller-for-load-frequency-control-of-thermal---thermal-area-interconnected-power-system/ajay-kumar-maurya
Similar to Energy Management by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy For Under Frequency Load Shedding/Case Study (20)
Now-a-days, Internet has become an important part of human’s life, a person
can shop, invest, and perform all the banking task online. Almost, all the organizations have
their own website, where customer can perform all the task like shopping, they only have to
provide their credit card details. Online banking and e-commerce organizations have been
experiencing the increase in credit card transaction and other modes of on-line transaction.
Due to this credit card fraud becomes a very popular issue for credit card industry, it causes
many financial losses for customer and also for the organization. Many techniques like
Decision Tree, Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithm based on modern techniques like
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Fuzzy Logic have been already developed for
credit card fraud detection. In this paper, an evolutionary Simulated Annealing algorithm is
used to train the Neural Networks for Credit Card fraud detection in real-time scenario.
This paper shows how this technique can be used for credit card fraud detection and
present all the detailed experimental results found when using this technique on real world
financial data (data are taken from UCI repository) to show the effectiveness of this
technique. The algorithm used in this paper are likely beneficial for the organizations and
for individual users in terms of cost and time efficiency. Still there are many cases which are
misclassified i.e. A genuine customer is classified as fraud customer or vise-versa.
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been widely used in various applications.
In these networks nodes collect data from the attached sensors and send their data to a base
station. However, nodes in WSN have limited power supply in form of battery so the nodes
are expected to minimize energy consumption in order to maximize the lifetime of WSN. A
number of techniques have been proposed in the literature to reduce the energy
consumption significantly. In this paper, we propose a new clustering based technique
which is a modification of the popular LEACH algorithm. In this technique, first cluster
heads are elected using the improved LEACH algorithm as usual, and then a cluster of
nodes is formed based on the distance between node and cluster head. Finally, data from
node is transferred to cluster head. Cluster heads forward data, after applying aggregation,
to the cluster head that is closer to it than sink in forward direction or directly to the sink.
This reduction in distance travelled improves the performance over LEACH algorithm
significantly.
The next generation wireless networks comprises of mobile users moving
between heterogeneous networks, using terminals with multiple access interfaces and
services. The most important issue in such environment is ABC (Always Best Connected) i.e.
allowing the best connectivity to applications anywhere at any time. For always best
connectivity requirement various vertical handover strategies for decision making have
been proposed. This paper provides an overview of the most interesting and recent
strategies.
This paper presents the design and performance comparison of a two stage
operational amplifier topology using CMOS and BiCMOS technology. This conventional op
amp circuit was designed by using RF model of BSIM3V3 in 0.6 μm CMOS technology and
0.35 μm BiCMOS technology. Both the op amp circuits were designed and simulated,
analyzed and performance parameters are compared. The performance parameters such as
gain, phase margin, CMRR, PSRR, power consumption etc achieved are compared. Finally,
we conclude the suitability of CMOS technology over BiCMOS technology for low power
RF design.
In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN), Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (CSS) is
used to improve performance of spectrum sensing techniques used for detection of licensed
(Primary) user’s signal. In CSS, the spectrum sensing information from multiple unlicensed
(Secondary) users are combined to take final decision about presence of primary signal. The
mixing techniques used to generate final decision about presence of PU’s signal are also
called as Fusion techniques / rules. The fusion techniques are further classified as data
fusion and decision fusion techniques. In data fusion technique all the secondary users
(SUs) share their raw information of spectrum detection like detected energy or other
statistical information, while in decision fusion technique all the SUs take their local
decisions and share the decision by sending ‘0’ or ‘1’ corresponding to absence and presence
of PU’s signal respectively. The rules used in decision fusion techniques are OR rule, AND
rule and K-out-of-N rule. The CSS is further classified as distributed CSS and centralized
CSS. In distributed CSS all the SUs share the spectrum detection information with each
other and by mixing the shared information; all the SUs take final decision individually. In
centralized CSS all the SUs send their detected information to a secondary base station /
central unit which combines the shared information and takes final decision. The secondary
base station shares the final decision with all the SUs in the CRN. This paper covers
overview of information fusion methods used for CSS and analysis of decision fusion rules
with simulation results.
ZigBee has been developed to support lower data rates and low power consuming
applications. This paper targets to analyze various parameters of ZigBee physical (PHY).
Performance of ZigBee PHY is evaluated on the basis of energy consumption in
transmitting and receiving mode and throughput. Effect of variation in network size is
studied on these performance attributes. Some modulation schemes are also compared and
the best modulation scheme is suggested with tradeoffs between different performance
metrics.
This paper gives a brief idea of the moving objects tracking and its application.
In sport it is challenging to track and detect motion of players in video frames. Task
represents optical flow analysis to do motion detection and particle filter to track players
and taking consideration of regions with movement of players in sports video. Optical flow
vector calculation gives motion of players in video frame. This paper presents improved
Luacs Kanade algorithm explained for optical flow computation for large displacement and
more accuracy in motion estimation.
A rapid progress is seen in the field of robotics both in educational and industrial
automation sectors. The Robotics education in particular is gaining technological advances
and providing more learning opportunities. In automotive sector, there is a necessity and
demand to automate daily human activities by robot. With such an advancement and
demand for robotics, the realization of a popular computer game will help students to learn
and acquire skills in the field of robotics. The computer game such as Pacman offers
challenges on both software and hardware fronts. In software, it provides challenges in
developing algorithms for a robot to escape from the pool of attacking robots and to develop
algorithms for multiple ghost robots to attack the Pacman. On the hardware front, it
provides a challenge to integrate various systems to realize the game. This project aims to
demonstrate the pacman game in real world as well as in simulation. For simulation
purpose Player/Stage is used to develop single-client and multi-client architectures. The
multi- client architecture in player/stage uses one global simulation proxy to which all the
robot models are connected. This reduces the overhead to manage multiple robots proxy.
The single-client architecture enables only two robot models to connect to the simulation
proxy. Multi-client approach offers flexibility to add sensors to each port which will be used
distinctly by the client attached to the respective robot. The robots are named as Pacman
and Ghosts, which try to escape and attack respectively. Use of Network Camera has been
done to detect the global positions of the robots and data is shared through inter-process
communication.
In Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems, the visual contents of the
images in the database are took out and represented by multi-dimensional characteristic
vectors. A well known CBIR system that retrieves images by unsupervised method known
as cluster based image retrieval system. For enhancing the performance and retrieval rate
of CBIR system, we fuse the visual contents of an image. Recently, we developed two
cluster-based CBIR systems by fusing the scores of two visual contents of an image. In this
paper, we analyzed the performance of the two recommended CBIR systems at different
levels of precision using images of varying sizes and resolutions. We also compared the
performance of the recommended systems with that of the other two existing CBIR systems
namely UFM and CLUE. Experimentally, we find that the recommended systems
outperform the other two existing systems and one recommended system also comparatively
performed better in every resolution of image.
Information Systems and Networks are subjected to electronic attacks. When
network attacks hit, organizations are thrown into crisis mode. From the IT department to
call centers, to the board room and beyond, all are fraught with danger until the situation is
under control. Traditional methods which are used to overcome these threats (e.g. firewall,
antivirus software, password protection etc.) do not provide complete security to the system.
This encourages the researchers to develop an Intrusion Detection System which is capable
of detecting and responding to such events. This review paper presents a comprehensive
study of Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). It provides a
brief overview of rule-based IDS, elaborates the implementation issues of Genetic Algorithm
and also presents a comparative analysis of existing studies.
Step by step operations by which we make a group of objects in which attributes
of all the objects are nearly similar, known as clustering. So, a cluster is a collection of
objects that acquire nearly same attribute values. The property of an object in a cluster is
similar to other objects in same cluster but different with objects of other clusters.
Clustering is used in wide range of applications like pattern recognition, image processing,
data analysis, machine learning etc. Nowadays, more attention has been put on categorical
data rather than numerical data. Where, the range of numerical attributes organizes in a
class like small, medium, high, and so on. There is wide range of algorithm that used to
make clusters of given categorical data. Our approach is to enhance the working on well-
known clustering algorithm k-modes to improve accuracy of algorithm. We proposed a new
approach named “High Accuracy Clustering Algorithm for Categorical datasets”.
Brain tumor is a malformed growth of cells within brain which may be
cancerous or non-cancerous. The term ‘malformed’ indicates the existence of tumor. The
tumor may be benign or malignant and it needs medical support for further classification.
Brain tumor must be detected, diagnosed and evaluated in earliest stage. The medical
problems become grave if tumor is detected at the later stage. Out of various technologies
available for diagnosis of brain tumor, MRI is the preferred technology which enables the
diagnosis and evaluation of brain tumor. The current work presents various clustering
techniques that are employed to detect brain tumor. The classification involves classification
of images into normal and malformed (if detected the tumor). The algorithm deals with
steps such as preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification of MR brain
images. Finally, the confirmatory step is specifying the tumor area by technique called
region of interest.
A Proxy signature scheme enables a proxy signer to sign a message on behalf of
the original signer. In this paper, we propose ECDLP based solution for chen et. al [1]
scheme. We describe efficient and secure Proxy multi signature scheme that satisfy all the
proxy requirements and require only elliptic curve multiplication and elliptic curve addition
which needs less computation overhead compared to modular exponentiations also our
scheme is withstand against original signer forgery and public key substitution attack.
Water marking has been proposed as a method to enhance data security. Text
water marking requires extreme care when embedding additional data within the images
because the additional information must not affect the image quality. Digital water marking
is a method through which we can authenticate images, videos and even texts. Add text
water mark and image water mark to your photos or animated image, protect your
copyright avoid unauthorized use. Water marking functions are not only authentication, but
also protection for such documents against malicious intentions to change such documents
or even claim the rights of such documents. Water marking scheme that hides water
marking in method, not affect the image quality. In this paper method of hiding a data using
LSB replacement technique is proposed.
Today among various medium of data transmission or storage our sensitive data
are not secured with a third-party, that we used to take help of. Cryptography plays an
important role in securing our data from malicious attack. This paper present a partial
image encryption based on bit-planes permutation using Peter De Jong chaotic map for
secure image transmission and storage. The proposed partial image encryption is a raw data
encryption method where bits of some bit-planes are shuffled among other bit-planes based
on chaotic maps proposed by Peter De Jong. By using the chaotic behavior of the Peter De
Jong map the position of all the bit-planes are permuted. The result of the several
experimental, correlation analysis and sensitivity test shows that the proposed image
encryption scheme provides an efficient and secure way for real-time image encryption and
decryption.
This paper presents a survey of Dependency Analysis of Service Oriented
Architecture (SOA) based systems. SOA presents newer aspects of dependency analysis due
to its different architectural style and programming paradigm. This paper surveys the
previous work taken on dependency analysis of service oriented systems. This study shows
the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches and tools available for dependency
analysis task in context of SOA. The main motivation of this work is to summarize the
recent approaches in this field of research, identify major issue and challenges in
dependency analysis of SOA based systems and motivate further research on this topic.
In this paper, proposed a novel implementation of a Soft-Core system using
micro-blaze processor with virtex-5 FPGA. Till now Hard-Core processors are used in
FPGA processor cores. Hard cores are a fixed gate-level IP functions within the FPGA
fabrics. Now the proposed processor is Soft-Core Processor, this is a microprocessor fully
described in software, usually in an HDL. This can be implemented by using EDK tool. In
this paper, developed a system which is having a micro-blaze processor is the combination
of both hardware & Software. By using this system, user can control and communicate all
the peripherals which are in the supported board by using Xilinx platform to develop an
embedded system. Implementing of Soft-Core process system with different peripherals like
UART interface, SPA flash interface, SRAM interface has to be designed using Xilinx
Embedded Development Kit (EDK) tools.
The article presents a simple algorithm to construct minimum spanning tree and
to find shortest path between pair of vertices in a graph. Our illustration includes the proof
of termination. The complexity analysis and simulation results have also been included.
Wimax technology has reshaped the framework of broadband wireless internet
service. It provides the internet service to unconnected or detached areas such as east South
Africa, rural areas of America and Asia region. Full duplex helpers employed with one of
the relay stations selection and indexing method that is Randomized Distributed Space Time
are used to expand the coverage area of primary Wimax station. The basic problem was
identified at cell edge due to weather conditions (rain, fog), insertion of destruction because
of multiple paths in the same communication channel and due to interference created by
other users in that communication. It is impractical task for the receiver station to decode
the transmitted signal successfully at the cell edges, which increases the high packet loss and
retransmissions. But Wimax is a outstanding technology which is used for improving the
quality of internet service and also it offers various services like Voice over Internet
Protocol, Video conferencing and Multimedia broadcast etc where a little delay in packet
transmission can cause a big loss in the communication. Even setup and initialization of
another Wimax station nearer to each other is not a good alternate, where any mobile
station can easily handover to another base station if it gets a strong signal from other one.
But in rural areas, for few numbers of customers, installation of base station nearer to each
other is costlier task. In this review article, we present a scheme using R-DSTC technique to
choose and select helpers (relay nodes) randomly to expand the coverage area and help to
mobile station as a helper to provide secure communication with base station. In this work,
we use full duplex helpers for better utilization of bandwidth.
Radio Frequency identification (RFID) technology has become emerging
technique for tracking and items identification. Depend upon the function; various RFID
technologies could be used. Drawback of passive RFID technology, associated to the range
of reading tags and assurance in difficult environmental condition, puts boundaries on
performance in the real life situation [1]. To improve the range of reading tags and
assurance, we consider implementing active backscattering tag technology. For making
mobiles of multiple radio standards in 4G network; the Software Defined Radio (SDR)
technology is used. Restrictions in Existing RFID technologies and SDR technology, can be
eliminated by the development and implementation of the Software Defined Radio (SDR)
active backscattering tag compatible with the EPC global UHF Class 1 Generation 2 (Gen2)
RFID standard. Such technology can be used for many of applications and services.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.