RELIABILITY OF INTERCONNECTED GENERATION SYSTEM, in this paper it is describe that how interconnected system is reliable by cost point of view and by performance.

1. TERM PAPER
TOPIC – RELIBILITY OF INTER CONNECTED
GENERATION SYSTEM
COURSE – ELE 520
SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY:-
MISS RAMANPREET KAUR SHUBHAM SACHAN
REG. NO. 11104846
ROLL NO. 02

2. RELIBILITY OF INTERCONNECTED GENERATION
SYSTEM
Authors Name: - Shubham Sachan
School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Lovely Professional University
Jalandhar, India
ABSTRACT: A worldwide trend in the
development of power system is to build
interconnections with the goal to achieve economic
benefits. Interconnection can be of with Nuclear
power station at special locations, hydro at remote
areas, solar energy from desert areas and
connection of large off shore wind farm. In some
part of the country there are large resources of
generating power but their requirement is low
whereas in other power requirement is large as
compared to available resources of power. So,
because of isolated plant, the amount of the reserve
capacity would be required to ensure the continuity
of supply, to provide an uninterrupted power
supply.
KEYWORD: Power system reliability,
interconnecting power systems.
1. INTRODUCTION:
In planning studies, the conventional approach for
steady state contingency analysis is to test all
contingencies sequentially for evaluating system
performance and reliability. This analysis consists of
outages of one or more generating units and
transmission lines to study their effects on bus
voltages, generator MVAR outputs and line power
flows. Interconnected system reliability analysis
includes the computation of probability of system
failure. This quantity may be evaluated based on the
probability of individual component outage events.
The amount of computation required increases
exponentially with the number of components in the
system. Therefore, an exact calculation of system
failure probability is not feasible for even
moderately large systems with the growing problem
of energy crisis and environment pollution,
developing renewable energy, especially wind
power, became the emphasis of mangy countries.
However, wind power integration will threaten the
reliability, security and stability of power system
because of the randomness and volatility of wind. So
the study on the influence of wind farm integration,
On power system reliability urgently needs carried
out as the wind power integration ratio increases
rapidly. Unlike conventional generators, the output
Power of wind turbines is influenced by wind. So
obtaining accurate wind data is of great importance
to reliability evaluation of power system
2. RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF
INTER CONNECTED POWER
SYSTEM
2.1 Reliability model of every component
Two-state model of generator and line are used. And
their state sustain constant obeys exponential
Distribution. Sequential load model is used for the
affection research of correlation between wind
speeds and load on reliability of power systems
incorporated with wind power.
2.2 Sequential Monte Carlo procedure
According to the method above, the procedure of
performing reliability assessment of the
interconnected generation systems incorporated
with wind power by Monte Carlo simulation method
is shown as

3. The connection of several generating stations in
parallel is known as interconnected grid system.
3. SEVERAL FACTORS
(I) EXCHANGE OF PEAK LOADS:
An important advantage of interconnected system is
that the peak load of the power station can be
exchanged. If the load curve of a power station
shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated
capacity of the plant, then the excess load can be
shared by other stations interconnected with it.
(II) USE OF OLDER PLANTS:
The interconnected system makes it possible to use
the older and less efficient plants to carry peak loads
of short durations. Although such plants may be
inadequate when used alone, yet they have sufficient
capacity to carry short peaks of loads when
interconnected with other modern plants. Therefore,
interconnected system gives a direct key to the use
of obsolete plants.
(III) ENSURES ECONOMICAL OPERATION:
The interconnected system makes the operation of
concerned power stations quite economical. It is
because sharing of load among the stations is
arranged in such a way that more efficient stations
work continuously throughout the year at a high load
factor and the less efficient plants work for peak load
hours only.
(IV) INCREASES DIVERSITY FACTOR:
The load curves of different interconnected stations
are generally different. The result is that the
maximum demand on the system is much reduced as
compared to the sum of individual maximum
demands on different stations. In other words, the
diversity factor of the system is improved, thereby
increasing the effective capacity of the system.
(V) REDUCES PLANT RESERVE CAPACITY:
Every power station is required to have a standby
unit for emergencies. However, when several power
stations are connected in parallel, the reserve
capacity of the system is much reduced. This
increases the efficiency of the system.
(VI) INCREASES RELIABILITY OF SUPPLY:
The interconnected system increases the reliability
of supply. If a major breakdown occurs in one
station, continuity of supply can be maintained by
other healthy stations.
4. POWER GRID INTER
CONNECTION IN INDIA:
The objective of power Grid Corporation of India ltd
is to create a strong and vibrant National grid in the
country to ensure the optimum utilization of
generating resources, conservation of an eco-
sensitive right of way and the flexibility to
accommodate the uncertainty of generation plans.
With modernization and implement on various inter
regional links. The growth of inter-regional power
exchange has helped in meeting more demand in
energy deficit regions besides achieving overall
economy.
Four major power regions of the country namely,
North-Eastern, Eastern, Western, and Northern are
now operating as one synchronous grid (same
frequency). Southern regional grid is connected to
this synchronous grid through HVDC links.
The power grid corporation of India Ltd as a part of
the development of national grid such as the
implementation of Asia’s longest Talcher-kolar
HVDC bipolar link including its upgardation,
Sasaram HVDC back to back link, 400KV D/C
synchronous interconnection between Eastern and
Western Region including series compensation,
Augmentation of Gazuwaka HVDC, Muzaffarpur-
Gorakhpur 400KV D/C line under Tala
Transmission system, Agra-Gwalior 765 KV, Patna-
Balia 400KV D/C line, Biharshariff-Balia 400KV
D/C line, etc.
Fig Interconnected line

4. Thus there are five major power interconnection grid
in India:
1. Eastern Grid
2. Western Grid
3. Southern Grid
4. Northern Grid
5. North-Eastern Grid
5. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES:
Interconnection system have both advantage as well
as disadvantage if we talk about advantage then if
there may happen any fault or outage of generator or
can say if any region plant is shut down then dew to
interconnected system we can take supply from the
other region and full fill our need, we can also over
come in shortage is happen. The other phase of the
coin is its disadvantage the problem of load and
frequency control are more difficult in large
interconnection system as many power station are
scattered over a wide area in comparison with a
system having one or two generating station. It is
also very difficult to find out the fault if happen
because our system is to complex and complicated
so for that we use some method’s to analyse fault
and reduce complexity are:
Gauss Seidel Method
Newton Raphson Method
FLDC Method
6. CONCLUSION:
The conclusion of this paper is that interconnected
system is reliable if we think by the point of cost
because it is easy to control from the central grid.
This will reduce the manpower, and plant
installation cost.
Interconnection of power stations increase the
reliability of supply, reduces the reserve capacity
required, improves the load factor, diversity factor
and efficiency, make use of more efficient plants as
base load plants and less efficient plants as peak load
plants possible and reduces the capital cost per KW
and overall cost per unit generated.
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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol.21,
no.2, 2006.
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Protection for a wind turbine generator in a large
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