5063905.ppt
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The document discusses the microscopic anatomy and physiology of heart muscle. It notes that heart muscle is stimulated by nerves and self-excitable, contracts as a unit, and has a long refractory period. The heart's intrinsic conduction system includes autorhythmic cells that initiate action potentials and have unstable resting potentials. The system's sequence of excitation involves the sinoatrial node generating impulses that are delayed by the atrioventricular node before passing to the ventricles via the bundle of His, which splits into pathways that carry the impulse through the heart.
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Ap heart chp18part2
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It covers topics like cardiac muscle contraction, the sequence of heart excitation starting from the sinoatrial node, the relationship between heart electrical activity and the electrocardiogram, heart sounds, phases of the cardiac cycle, and regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system. It also briefly discusses congenital heart defects, developmental aspects of the heart, and age-related changes affecting the heart.
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The document discusses the heart's conduction system which generates electrical impulses that stimulate contractions. It initiates in the sinoatrial node and travels through the atria, then the atrioventricular node and bundle of His which splits and spreads the impulse through purkinje fibers to the ventricles. The cycle causes atrial contraction, then ventricular contraction which ejects blood through the arteries in a cardiac cycle that lasts 0.8 seconds and alternates between diastole and systole.
Physiology of heart
The document summarizes the conduction system of the heart and the cardiac cycle. It discusses the following key points:
1. The heart's conduction system originates in specialized cardiac muscle cells called autorhythmic cells, which generate electrical impulses to initiate and coordinate heart contractions. The main structures of the conduction system are the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
2. The cardiac cycle involves coordinated contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles. It begins with depolarization of the sinoatrial node, followed by atrial contraction, ventricular depolarization through the conduction system, ventricular contraction, and finally relaxation of both chambers.
physiologyofheart-181202084458.pdf
The document summarizes the electrical conduction system of the heart and the cardiac cycle. It discusses how electrical impulses originate in the sinoatrial node and propagate through the conduction system to coordinate contractions. The cardiac cycle involves periodic atrial and ventricular contractions and relaxations that pump blood through the heart. Key stages include atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole. The electrocardiogram records these electrical events.
Heart
The document summarizes key aspects of heart physiology:
- The heart pumps blood through two circuits and uses valves to ensure one-way blood flow.
- Cardiac muscle cells contract as a unit due to intercalated disks and gap junctions.
- The heart's conduction system uses specialized pacemaker cells and Purkinje fibers to coordinate contractions.
- An electrocardiogram tracks the heart's electrical activity during a cardiac cycle of atrial and ventricular filling/contraction.
Heart excitation
The document summarizes key aspects of heart physiology:
1. The heart generates blood pressure, routes blood flow through two circuits (pulmonary and systemic), and ensures one-way blood flow through valves.
2. The left side of the heart is more muscular to pump blood throughout the body. Valves prevent backflow of blood.
3. Cardiac muscle contracts as a unit through a conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and Purkinje fibers.
4. An electrocardiogram records the heart's electrical activity and can indicate damage or abnormalities.
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Describe the structure of the heart
Explain the importance of the valves
Describe the cardiac cycle
List the factors that leads to the heartbeat
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The mammalian heart is composed of cardiac muscle with interconnecting cells that facilitate the passing of electrical signals. It has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out. The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right since it must pump blood around the body. The heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, sets the rhythm for coordinated contraction and relaxation of the chambers. Electrocardiograms can be used to measure the heart's rhythm and rate.
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Ap heart chp18part2
This document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It covers topics like cardiac muscle contraction, the sequence of heart excitation starting from the sinoatrial node, the relationship between heart electrical activity and the electrocardiogram, heart sounds, phases of the cardiac cycle, and regulation of heart rate by the autonomic nervous system. It also briefly discusses congenital heart defects, developmental aspects of the heart, and age-related changes affecting the heart.
PEShare.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses the heart's conduction system which generates electrical impulses that stimulate contractions. It initiates in the sinoatrial node and travels through the atria, then the atrioventricular node and bundle of His which splits and spreads the impulse through purkinje fibers to the ventricles. The cycle causes atrial contraction, then ventricular contraction which ejects blood through the arteries in a cardiac cycle that lasts 0.8 seconds and alternates between diastole and systole.
Physiology of heart
The document summarizes the conduction system of the heart and the cardiac cycle. It discusses the following key points:
1. The heart's conduction system originates in specialized cardiac muscle cells called autorhythmic cells, which generate electrical impulses to initiate and coordinate heart contractions. The main structures of the conduction system are the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers.
2. The cardiac cycle involves coordinated contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles. It begins with depolarization of the sinoatrial node, followed by atrial contraction, ventricular depolarization through the conduction system, ventricular contraction, and finally relaxation of both chambers.
physiologyofheart-181202084458.pdf
The document summarizes the electrical conduction system of the heart and the cardiac cycle. It discusses how electrical impulses originate in the sinoatrial node and propagate through the conduction system to coordinate contractions. The cardiac cycle involves periodic atrial and ventricular contractions and relaxations that pump blood through the heart. Key stages include atrial systole, ventricular systole, and diastole. The electrocardiogram records these electrical events.
Heart
The document summarizes key aspects of heart physiology:
- The heart pumps blood through two circuits and uses valves to ensure one-way blood flow.
- Cardiac muscle cells contract as a unit due to intercalated disks and gap junctions.
- The heart's conduction system uses specialized pacemaker cells and Purkinje fibers to coordinate contractions.
- An electrocardiogram tracks the heart's electrical activity during a cardiac cycle of atrial and ventricular filling/contraction.
Heart excitation
The document summarizes key aspects of heart physiology:
1. The heart generates blood pressure, routes blood flow through two circuits (pulmonary and systemic), and ensures one-way blood flow through valves.
2. The left side of the heart is more muscular to pump blood throughout the body. Valves prevent backflow of blood.
3. Cardiac muscle contracts as a unit through a conduction system including the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and Purkinje fibers.
4. An electrocardiogram records the heart's electrical activity and can indicate damage or abnormalities.
Circulatory system - The Heart
Describe the structure of the heart
Explain the importance of the valves
Describe the cardiac cycle
List the factors that leads to the heartbeat
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The mammalian heart is composed of cardiac muscle with interconnecting cells that facilitate the passing of electrical signals. It has four chambers - two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood out. The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right since it must pump blood around the body. The heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, sets the rhythm for coordinated contraction and relaxation of the chambers. Electrocardiograms can be used to measure the heart's rhythm and rate.
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1) The heart has four chambers and uses electrical signals to coordinate contractions that pump blood through two circuits.
2) The sinoatrial node initiates electrical impulses that spread through the heart, causing atria to contract before ventricles.
3) Cardiac output depends on heart rate, preload, afterload and contractility and is regulated by nervous and hormonal factors.
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The cardiovascular system transports blood throughout the body via blood vessels and the heart. It consists of blood, blood vessels, and the heart. The heart is a muscular pump made of cardiac muscle that has specialized properties. It has four chambers and uses two circuits - pulmonary and systemic circulation - to oxygenate blood and transport nutrients and waste. The circulatory system evolved over time in vertebrates from a two-chambered heart in fish to the four-chambered heart in mammals.
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The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart contains three types of muscle fibers: nodal, conducting, and contractile. Nodal fibers initiate electrical impulses and are located in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. Conducting fibers transmit impulses through bundles like the bundle of His. Contractile fibers make up the bulk of the heart and contract in response to electrical signals. The heart has four main properties: rhythmicity, excitability, conductivity, and contractility. Rhythmicity allows the heart to beat regularly, while excitability, conductivity, and contractility enable electrical signals and contractions to propagate through the heart.
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This document provides an overview of cardiac muscle structure and function. It defines key terms related to the properties of cardiac muscle such as rhythmicity, excitability, conductivity, and contractility. It describes the cardiac syncytium and normal conduction pathway in the heart. It explains excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac muscle and compares it to skeletal muscle. It also compares action potentials in the sinoatrial node and ventricular muscle. Finally, it discusses the significance of the plateau and refractory period in ventricular muscle action potentials.
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The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the heart. It discusses the location of the heart in the thorax, its coverings including the pericardium, and internal layers. It describes the major vessels that supply and drain blood from the heart. It details the conduction system that coordinates heart contractions, the cardiac cycle, and factors regulating cardiac output. It also discusses congenital heart defects and conditions like congestive heart failure.
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The document describes the cardiac cycle and how blood flows through the heart. It discusses:
1) The cardiac cycle is a coordinated series of events in the heart that ensures proper blood flow. It involves the alternating contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles.
2) Key steps include atrial systole filling the ventricles with blood followed by ventricular systole which pumps blood out of the heart.
3) The cardiac conduction system coordinates the heartbeat and includes the sinoatrial node which initiates impulses and the atrioventricular node which relays signals to the ventricles.
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The document describes the conduction system of the heart, which coordinates contraction of the atria and ventricles. It is made up of the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. Together this system ensures the atria contract before the ventricles to efficiently pump blood throughout the body and heart. An electrocardiogram measures the electric currents produced during conduction to evaluate heart function.
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The document discusses the biomechanics of circulation, including:
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2. Key properties of cardiac muscle cells and the intrinsic conduction system that generates heartbeats.
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The cardiac cycle consists of two phases: diastole and systole. During diastole, the heart relaxes and chambers fill with blood. During systole, the heart contracts and blood is ejected. The heart's conduction system coordinates this cycle, initiating each beat from the sinoatrial node and conducting the impulse through the atrioventricular node and Purkinje fibers. Regulation occurs through the Frank-Starling mechanism and autonomic nervous system, with sympathetic stimulation increasing heart rate and contractility and parasympathetic stimulation decreasing heart rate.
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Heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute and is directly related to workload being placed on the heart
The normal heart rate of resting adult human- 60-100
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Irregular pattern in heart beating is termed as Arrhythmia
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This document provides an overview of heart anatomy and physiology. It describes the location and layers of the heart, including the pericardium, myocardium, and epicardium. It outlines the chambers of the heart, including the atria and ventricles, and explains how blood flows through the heart and lungs in one direction. Additionally, it covers the coronary circulation, heart valves, cardiac muscle contraction, electrocardiography, heart sounds, regulation of heart rate and blood pressure, and factors that influence these variables.
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The heart has contractile cells that produce powerful contractions to propel blood flow and a conducting system to control and coordinate the activity of the contractile cells. The conducting system is made up of nodal and conducting cells that initiate and distribute electrical impulses without contracting. It establishes the heart rate and ensures coordinated contraction of the atria and ventricles. The cardiac cycle involves systole where the heart contracts and diastole where it relaxes, moving blood from high to low pressure areas. Cardiac output, the amount of blood pumped per minute, is regulated by factors like blood volume, autonomic innervation, hormones, ion concentration and temperature.
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The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The cardiac cycle occurs every 0.8 seconds through systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation). The heart's conduction system uses electrical signals from the sinoatrial node to coordinate contractions of the atria and ventricles. Electrocardiograms track this electrical activity through waves. The heart rate is controlled both neurally through the autonomic nervous system and hormonally.
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The heart is a four-chambered muscular organ located in the chest. It has two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump blood. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. It is regulated by the sinoatrial node which initiates heartbeats, and signals are conducted through the heart by specialized cardiac tissue to coordinate contractions of the atria and ventricles. The heart pumps around 5 liters of blood per minute through the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove carbon dioxide and waste.
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- The heart has four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and is made of cardiac muscle. It pumps blood through two circuits: systemic and pulmonary circulation.
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The heart functions as a double pump to circulate blood through the body via the systemic and pulmonary circulations. It maintains blood pressure and pumps oxygenated blood and vital substances to different body parts. The heart's conduction system coordinates the contraction of cardiac muscle cells. It begins with the sinoatrial node generating spontaneous impulses at 72 beats/min which propagate through atrial pathways to both atria. The atrioventricular node then slows conduction to the bundle of His and Purkinje system to coordinate atrial and ventricular contractions and maintain an orderly heartbeat.
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The cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood through two circuits - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the rest of the body. The cardiac cycle occurs every 0.8 seconds through systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation). The heart's conduction system uses electrical signals from the sinoatrial node to coordinate contractions of the atria and ventricles. Electrocardiograms track this electrical activity through waves. The heart rate is controlled both neurally through the autonomic nervous system and hormonally.
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- The heart has four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) and is made of cardiac muscle. It pumps blood through two circuits: systemic and pulmonary circulation.
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The heart functions as a double pump to circulate blood through the body via the systemic and pulmonary circulations. It maintains blood pressure and pumps oxygenated blood and vital substances to different body parts. The heart's conduction system coordinates the contraction of cardiac muscle cells. It begins with the sinoatrial node generating spontaneous impulses at 72 beats/min which propagate through atrial pathways to both atria. The atrioventricular node then slows conduction to the bundle of His and Purkinje system to coordinate atrial and ventricular contractions and maintain an orderly heartbeat.
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1. Low flow anaesthesia techniques utilize fresh gas flows that are less than the patient's alveolar ventilation, allowing for reuse of exhaled gases.
2. Initial induction involves high fresh gas flows to quickly achieve target anaesthetic concentrations, after which the flow is reduced to low levels.
3. Constant monitoring of oxygen and anaesthetic concentrations is essential when using low flows, as concentrations can change significantly with minor adjustments to flows and vaporizer settings.
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The document discusses different types of breathing systems used in anesthesia. It describes the Mapleson classification system which categorizes breathing circuits based on the location of the fresh gas inlet and adjustable pressure limiting valve, and whether they include a reservoir bag or corrugated tubing. The main Mapleson systems described are types A through F, with details provided on the configuration and uses of each type, especially the commonly used Mapleson A, D, and Bain modifications.
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一比一原版(UoA毕业证)昆士兰科技大学毕业证如何办理
UoA毕业证学历书【微信95270640】办文凭{昆士兰科技大学毕业证}Q微Q微信95270640UoA毕业证书成绩单/学历认证UoA Diploma未毕业、挂科怎么办？+QQ微信：Q微信95270640-大学Offer（申请大学）、成绩单（申请考研）、语言证书、在读证明、使馆公证、办真实留信网认证、真实大使馆认证、学历认证
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国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供办理昆士兰科技大学昆士兰科技大学毕业证文凭证书信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
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NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
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Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
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Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
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Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
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By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
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Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near You
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5063905.ppt
- 1. Microscopic Anatomy of Heart Muscle
- 2. Cardiac Muscle Contraction Heart muscle: Is stimulated by nerves and is self-excitable (automaticity) Contracts as a unit Has a long (250 ms) absolute refractory period Cardiac muscle contraction is similar to skeletal muscle contraction
- 3. Heart Physiology: Intrinsic Conduction System Autorhythmic cells: Initiate action potentials Have unstable resting potentials called pacemaker potentials
- 4. Heart Physiology: Sequence of Excitation
- 5. Heart Physiology: Sequence of Excitation Sinoatrial (SA) node generates impulses about 75 times/minute Atrioventricular (AV) node delays the impulse approximately 0.1 second Impulse passes from atria to ventricles via the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
- 6. Heart Physiology: Sequence of Excitation AV bundle splits into two pathways in the interventricular septum (bundle branches) Bundle branches carry the impulse toward the apex of the heart Purkinje fibers carry the impulse to the heart apex and ventricular walls