Spanking and Other Forms of Corporal Punishment: What Experts and Parents Say
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A presentation on child discipline tactics created by Dr. John Lutzker and other faculty researchers at the School of Public Health at Georgia State University.
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Spanking and Other Forms of Corporal Punishment: What Experts and Parents Say
- 1. S In Memory of Mark Chaffin, Ph.D
- 2. Punishment “A consequence to behavior(s) that reduces the future likelihood of that (those) behavior(s).”
- 3. Positive Punishment S Positive (+) Punishment (unfortunate choice of terms) is something that is added: S Spanking S Yelling S Reasoning
- 4. Negative Punishment S Negative (-) Punishment is something that is removed: S Timeout S Redirection S Privilege Withdrawal S Tangible item(s) removal S Ignoring
- 5. Redirection S Best for minor misbehavior S Best with peer or sibling bickering S Must have good alternatives available S Could inadvertently reinforce misbehavior
- 6. Alternatives to Negative Punishment S DRO S Planned Activities Training S Praise
- 9. Negative Reinforcement S Parents receive negative reinforcement for yelling or spanking S Spouses/Partners/Friends receive negative reinforcement for nagging
- 10. Timeout S Advantages: S If done correctly, it is a good alternative to spanking S Best effectiveness is between ages 2-6 S “Cools down” parent S Disadvantages: S Often done wrong S Must have enriched time-in S Functions of behavior
- 11. Punishment: Side Effects S Avoidance S Escape S Doesn’t teach S May generalize S Self-Esteem S Behavior will likely recur S Modeling
- 12. Parenting Beliefs Stress Racial/Ethic Perception of Child Cognitive- Emotional Processes Socioeconomic Status Pinderhughes, E. E., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., & Zelli, A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(3), 380-400. doi10.1037/0893-3200.14.3.380
- 13. Common Ideology S Religion “Spare the rod and spoil the child” S Tradition “My parents spanked me and I turned out ok.” S Uninformed on alternative discipline practices “How else am I going to discipline my child?”
- 14. Corporal Punishment: The Global Impact https://blogs.unicef.org/blog/a-slap-child-discipline-or-child-abuse/
- 17. Long-term effects of Corporal Punishment S “spanking confers no particular benefits and thus might easily be replaced with alternative discipline strategies….” (Ferguson et al 2013) S Adverse Childhood Experiences
- 18. Effectiveness of Corporal Punishment How often do you have to use it? If you must use it…..
- 19. Questions
- 20. References S Carey, T. A. (1994). Spare The Rod and Spoil the Child. Is this a sensible justification for the use of punishment in child rearing?. Child Abuse & Neglect, 18(12), 1005-1010. S Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Spanking, corporal punishment and negative long-term outcomes: A meta- analytic review of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33196-208. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.002 S Pinderhughes, E. E., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., Pettit, G. S., & Zelli, A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influences of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive-emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology, 14(3), 380-400. doi10.1037/0893-3200.14.3.380 S Skaine, R. (n.d.). Abuse: An Encyclopedia of Causes, Consequences, and Treatments.
- 21. Contact S Dr. John R. Lutzker jlutzker@gsu.edu S Angie Guinn aguinn3@gsu.edu
Editor's Notes
- This model is similar to the model given in the citation but it is different. I will talk about the impact of cultural implications on parent’s beliefs as being a factor in corporal punishment. I am still looking at the literature to talk more in depth about that.
- *Talk about the phrase from the Bible and how its interpretation is taken out of context. Carey et al 1994 article on “spare the rod and spoil the child” justification for punishment
- Corporal punishment is any use of physical punishment against a child in response to misbehavior. Out of 24 countries with legislative bans on corporal punishment, 19 are in Europe, 3 in Central or South America, and 1 in the Middle East and 1 in Oceania. No bans exist in Asia or North America. As of the end of 2014, corporal punishment in the home has been prohibited in 44 countries, in alternative care and day care settings in 50 countries, in schools in 122 countries, and in penal institutions in 130 countries. (UNICEF.org) Green: Prohibited in the home, school, etc Blue: Government making laws to ban all corporal punishment Yellow: Prohibited in some settings (school, etc) Red: No formal laws on corporal punishment
- People who oppose corporal punishment argue that it constitutes child abuse, while supporters believe that when used correctly it is an effective discipline option. The United States is one of the few developed countries that still allows corporal punishment in schools. The Ending Corporal Punishment in Schools Act of 2011 defined corporal punishment to include physical punishment imposed upon a student. However, physical restraints intended to protect children or others from imminent injury is not banned, allowing the 19 states to use this type of punishment in schools (Skaine et al 2015) Abuse: An Encyclopedia of Causes, Consequences, and Treatments
- Comic relief
- Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Spanking, corporal punishment and negative long-term outcomes: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 33196-208. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.11.002