4.loads on the frame
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The document discusses the various loads placed on a vehicle frame, including vertical bending from passenger and cargo weight, longitudinal torsion from uneven wheel lifting, lateral bending from road camber and turns, and horizontal lozenging when individual wheels are obstructed. It also mentions conventional frame sections.
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The document discusses the key components of an automobile, including the basic structure, power unit, transmission system, auxiliaries, controls, and superstructure. It describes the frame, suspension system, axles, wheels, and tires that make up the basic structure. It then explains the different systems that transmit power from the engine to the wheels, including the transmission, drivetrain, clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, and differential. Finally, it briefly touches on the different body styles of automobiles like sedans, hatchbacks, coupes, convertibles, and station wagons.
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The document describes the different layouts of automobiles, including where the engine and drive wheels are located. It discusses the main types - front engine rear wheel drive, rear engine rear wheel drive, and front engine front wheel drive. For each type, it provides details on their characteristics such as noise isolation, drive train loss, weight distribution, and handling. The document aims to explain the different configurations and their respective advantages and limitations.
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The steering system uses various components like the steering wheel, steering column, steering gear, linkages, and knuckles to transfer rotational motion from the steering wheel to the front wheels. Modern systems commonly use rack and pinion gears. Power steering systems, either hydraulic or electric, apply assistance through pressurized fluid or an electric motor to reduce the effort needed to turn the wheels. Proper design of the steering mechanism ensures easy handling and return of the wheels to straight ahead position.
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Understeering and oversteering effects occur when taking a turn as the centrifugal force produces a side thrust on the vehicle. To sustain this force, the plane of the wheels must form an angle relative to the direction of motion. This angle is known as the slip or creep angle, which ranges from 8 to 10 degrees. It is the angle between the direction of motion and the center plane of the tire. The force produced due to the side thrust is called the cornering force. Understeering occurs when the front slip angle is greater than the rear, causing the vehicle to steer into the turn. Oversteering happens when the rear slip angle is larger, making the vehicle steer away from the turn.
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4.loads on the frame
- 1. Loads on the frame
- 2. Loads on the frame • Vertical bending of side members • Longitudinal torsion • Lateral bending • Horizontal lozenging
- 3. Vertical bending of side members • Due to passenger/cargo weight • Engine torque & Braking torque
- 4. Longitudinal torsion • Due to vertical loads over the frame when one wheel lifted or lowered
- 5. Lateral bending • Due to road camber • Side wind • Cornering force (While taking turn)
- 6. Horizontal lozenging • Due to obstruction of individual wheel while other wheel tends to move
- 8. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- Parallelogram