9. Portuguese Court taken by British fleet to Rio de
Janeiro
Centralization under Joao VI
End of the Napoleonic Wars
British aid Brazilian Independence
10. ◦ Primacy of British Economic Influence
◦ Plantation Economy
Coffee
Cacao
Sugar
◦ Issue of Slavery
◦ French Orientation of Royal Court
◦ Conspiracy of the Fazenderos
11. Much of imperial
court transfers
loyalties and remains
in the national elite
Decentralization
The Coffee Economy
◦ Shift to São Paulo
◦ Reinvestment of profits from
coffee
Dominant States
◦ São Paulo
◦ Minas Gerias
◦ Rio Grande do Sul
Manuel Deodoro da
Fonseca, 1st President of
Brazil (1889-91)
12. The revolution of
1930
São Paulo revolt
(1932-37)
O Estado Novo
(1937-45)
◦ Populist
◦ Military support
at the beginning
13. Brazilian army fights in the Italian Theatre
Initial performance discredits Vargas with the
armed forces s
Returning military overthrows Vargas
Beginning of alienation between United States
and the Brazilian left
14. Constitution of 1946
◦ Modeled on U.S. constitution
◦ Structure so as not to threaten the large land owners of the
Northeast
Political Parties
◦ UND
◦ PSD
◦ PTB
◦ Regional - local parties
15. Vargas: “The Last Hurrah”
Vargas wins as candidate of PTB
◦ Military officer corps remains suspicious
◦ Efforts to advance social revolution
frightens the middle class
◦ Military exercises its “Mediating power”
16.
17.
18. Reform governor of
São Paulo
First “UDN
candidate” to be
elected president
Resignation after
less than one year i
office
◦ Surprises the military
◦ Frustrates UDN
◦ Weakens the
democratic regime
19. ◦ Temporary switch to
parliamentary system
◦ Goulart assumes full power
(1962)
◦ Efforts to create a pro-Vargas
majority
Courting peasants in the
Northeast
Strengthing labor-based
infrastructure of the PTB
Courting the urban poor
Anti-American nationalism
20. Pressures for Military Intervention
◦ Conflictual social polarization
◦ Middle class fears of workers
◦ Attempt to divide the military along officer –
enlisted lines
◦ Role of the United States government
21. Humberto Castelo
Branco assumes
power
Military demobilizes
potential opponents
◦ President Goulart flees
to Uruguay
◦ Key elected officials of
PTB removed from
office
Demobilization
portrayed as
temporary
