Sustainable development aims to meet human needs while preserving natural systems. The document outlines the evolution and definitions of sustainable development through reports like the Brundtland Commission and Earth Summit. It discusses the needs, benefits, and goals of sustainable development, including reducing poverty and hunger while promoting health, education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, renewable energy, economic growth, and more. Key ways to achieve sustainable development include appropriate technology, reduce-reuse-recycle approaches, environmental education, utilizing resources within carrying capacities, and improving overall quality of life.

1. Sustainable Devlopment
Name-Vansh Singhal
Class and Sec-XD
Roll No.-209940

2. Index Introduction
What is Devlopment?
What is Sustainable Devlopment?
Evolution of Sustainable Devlopment.
Need of Sustainable Devlopment.
Benefits of Sustainable Devlopment.
Goals of Sustainable Devlopment.
How can you achieve Sustainable Devlopment?
Case study.
Conclusion and bibliography.

3. Introduction
• Sustainable development is the organizing principle for
meeting human development goals while
simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems
to provide the natural resources and ecosystem
services on which the economy and society depends .
The desired result is a state of society where living
conditions and resources are used to continue to meet
human needs without undermining the integrity and
stability of the natural system.

4. Devlopment
• Development is a process that creates growth,
progress, positive change or the addition of
physical, economic, environmental, social and
demographic components. The purpose of
development is a rise in the level and quality of
life of the population, without damaging the
resources of the environment.

5. Sustainable Devlopment
• Sustainability is development that satisfies the
needs of the present without compromising the
capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the
balance between economic growth, care for
the environment and social well-being.

6. Evolution of Sustainable Devlopment
Brundtland Commission
• Formerly known as the World Commission on Environment and Development
(WCED), the mission of the Brundtland Commission is to unite countries to pursue
sustainable development together. The Chairperson of the Commission, Gro
Harlem Brundtland, was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Javier
Pérez de Cuéllar in December 1983. At the time, the UN General Assembly realized
that there was a heavy deterioration of the human environment and natural
resources. To rally countries to work and pursue sustainable development together,
the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission. Gro Harlem Brundtland
was the former Prime Minister of Norway and was chosen due to her strong
background in the sciences and public health.

7. The Brundtland Commission officially dissolved in December 1987
after releasing Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland
Report, in October 1987. The document popularized (and defined)
the term "Sustainable Development". Our Common Future won the
University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award in 1991. The organization
Center for Our Common Future was started in April 1988 to take the
place of the Commission.

8. Need of Sustainable Devlopment
• The need and importance of sustainable development are to balance
our economic, environmental and social needs, allowing well-being
for now and up-coming generations. Sustainable development
encourages us to conserve and enhance our resource base,by
gradually changing the methods in which we develop and use
technologies. Countries must be allowed to meet their basic needs of
employment, food, energy, water and sanitation. It implies those ways
in which development activities does not cause damage to the
environment. No doubt it sets certain limits on the human activities.
When supply cannot be increased the needs must be
reduced;there is no other way out. It makes careful
management of the renewable natural
resources.

9. Sustainable development brings harmony between human beings and
nature. Needs of people are better fulfilled and it makes human
consumers realize the value of nature. Sustainable development
ensures the meaningful investment of capital and other means because
development is smooth and durable, and the environment is protected.
Sustainable development increased the use of perpetual natural
resources and decreases that of the non-renewable ones. But
sustainable development brings conflict between the human
beings and nature. Money invested is wasted because
development cannot be durable. Instead brings troubles
like the ones explained in above example.

10. Earth Summit
• The United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio de Janeiro
Earth Summit, the Rio Summit, the Rio Conference, and
the Earth Summit (Portuguese: ECO92), was a major united
nation conference held in Rio de janerio from 3 to 14 June in
1992.

11. Benefits of Sustainable Devlopment
• The Advantages of sustainable development are:
1. Development Activities will long lasting.
2. Long term management between means and resources
for future generation.
3. Appropriate Distribution of means and resources.
4. Natural Resources are utilized wisely at optimum
level.
5.A wide and High rate of economic growth is
achieved.. Etc.

12. Goals of sustainable devlopment
Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere
• Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty declined from 36 per
cent in 1990 to 10 per cent in 2015. But the pace of change is decelerating
and the COVID-19 crisis risks reversing decdes of progress in the fight
against poverty. New resarch published by the UNU World Institute for
Development Economics Research warns that the economic fallout from the
global pandemic could increse global poverty by as much as half a billion
people, or 8% of the total human population. This would be the first time that
poverty has increased globally in thirty years, since 1990.

13. Goal 2: Zero Hunger
• After decades of steady decline, the number of people who suffer
from hunger – as measured by the prevalence of undernourishment –
began to slowly increase again in 2015. Today, more than 820 million
people regularly go to bed hungry, of whom about 135 million suffer
from acute hunger largely due to man-made conflicts, climate change
and economic downturns. The COVID-19 pandemic could now
double that number, putting an additional 130 million people at risk of
suffering acute hunger by the end of 2020, according to the
World Food Programme.

14. Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at
all ages
• Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being at all ages is essential to
sustainable development. Currently, the world is facing a global health crisis
unlike any other — COVID-19 is spreading human suffering, destabilizing
the global economy and upending the lives of billions of people around the
globe.
• Before the pandemic, major progress was made in improving the health of
millions of people. Significant strides were made in increasing life
expectancy and reducing some of the common killers associated with child
and maternal mortality. But more efforts are needed to fully eradicate a wide
range of diseases and address many different persistent and emerging
health issues. By focusing on providing more efficient funding of health
systems, improved sanitation and hygiene, and increased access to
physicians, significant progress can be made in helping to save
the lives of millions.

15. GOAL 4 QUALITY EDUCATION
• Education enables upward socioeconomic mobility and is a
key to escaping poverty. Over the past decade, major
progress was made towards increasing access to education
and school enrollment rates at all levels, particularly for girls.
Nevertheless, about 260 million children were still out of
school in 2018 — nearly one fifth of the global population in
that age group. And more than half of all children and
adolescents worldwide are not meeting minimum
proficiency standards in reading and
mathematics.

16. Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls
• Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary
foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world.
• There has been progress over the last decades: More girls are going to
school, fewer girls are forced into early marriage, more women are serving in
parliament and positions of leadership, and laws are being reformed to
advance gender equality.
• Despite these gains, many challenges remain: discriminatory laws and
social norms remain pervasive, women continue to be underrepresented at
all levels of political leadership, and 1 in 5 women and girls between
the ages of 15 and 49 report experiencing physical or sexual
violence by an intimate partner within a 12-month period.

17. • The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic could reverse the
limited progress that has been made on gender equality and
women’s rights. The coronavirus outbreak exacerbates
existing inequalities for women and girls across
every sphere – from health and the economy, to
security and social protection.

18. Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all
• While substantial progress has been made in increasing access to clean
drinking water and sanitation, billions of people—mostly in rural areas—still
lack these basic services. Worldwide, one in three people do not have
access to safe drinking water, two out of five people do not have a basic
hand-washing facility with soap and water, and more than 673 million people
still practice open defecation.
• The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the critical importance of
sanitation, hygiene and adequate access to clean water for preventing and
containing diseases. Hand hygiene saves lives. According to the World
Health Organization, handwashing is one of the most effective actions you
can take to reduce the spread of pathogens and prevent infections, including
the COVID-19 virus. Yet billions of people still lack safe water
sanitation, and funding is inadequate.

19. GOAL 7 Ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy
• The world is making progress towards Goal 7, with encouraging signs
that energy is becoming more sustainable and widely available.
Access to electricity in poorer countries has begun to accelerate,
energy efficiency continues to improve, and renewable energy is
making impressive gains in the electricity sector.
• Nevertheless, more focused attention is needed to improve access to
clean and safe cooking fuels and technologies for 3 billion
people, to expand the use of renewable energy beyond
the electricity sector, and to increase electrification in
sub-Saharan Africa.

20. GOAL 8 Promote inclusive and sustainable economic
growth, employment and decent work for all
• Sustained and inclusive economic growth can drive progress, create
decent jobs for all and improve living standards.
• COVID-19 has disrupted billions of lives and endangered the global
economy. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects a global
recession as bad as or worse than in 2009. As job losses escalate,
the International Labor Organization estimates that nearly half of the
global workforce is at risk of losing their livelihoods.

21. Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote
sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
• Inclusive and sustainable industrialization, together with innovation
and infrastructure, can unleash dynamic and competitive economic
forces that generate employment and income. They play a key role in
introducing and promoting new technologies, facilitating international
trade and enabling the efficient use of resources.
• However, the world still has a long way to go to fully tap this potential.
Least developed countries, in particular, need to accelerate the
development of their manufacturing sector if they are
to meet the 2030 target, and scale up investment in
scientific research and innovation.

22. • Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among
countries
• Reducing inequalities and ensuring no one is left behind are integral
to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
• Inequality within and among countries is a persistent cause for
concern. Despite some positive signs toward reducing inequality in
some dimensions, such as reducing relative income inequality in
some countries and preferential trade status benefiting lower-income
countries, inequality still persists.

23. • Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and
sustainable
• The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Since 2007, more
than half the world’s population has been living in cities, and that
share is projected to rise to 60 per cent by 2030.
• Cities and metropolitan areas are powerhouses of economic
growth—contributing about 60 per cent of global GDP. However, they
also account for about 70 per cent of global carbon emissions and
over 60 per cent of resource use.

24. • Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
• Worldwide consumption and production — a driving force of the
global economy — rest on the use of the natural environment and
resources in a way that continues to have destructive impacts on the
planet.
• Economic and social progress over the last century has been
accompanied by environmental degradation that is endangering the
very systems on which our future development — indeed,
our very survival — depends.

25. • Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate
change and its impacts
• 2019 was the second warmest year on record and the end of the warmest
decade (2010- 2019) ever recorded.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
rose to new records in 2019.
• Climate change is affecting every country on every continent. It is disrupting
national economies and affecting lives. Weather patterns are changing, sea
levels are rising, and weather events are becoming more extreme.
• Although greenhouse gas emissions are projected to drop about 6 per cent
in 2020 due to travel bans and economic slowdowns resulting from the
COVID-19 pandemic, this improvement is only temporary. Climate change
is not on pause. Once the global economy begins to recover
from the pandemic, emissions are expected to
return to higher levels.

26. • Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the
oceans, seas and marine resources
• The ocean drives global systems that make the Earth habitable for
humankind. Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate,
coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we
breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea.
• Careful management of this essential global resource is a key feature
of a sustainable future. However, at the current time, there is a
continuous deterioration of coastal waters owing to pollution, and
ocean acidification is having an adversarial effect on the
functioning of ecosystems and biodiversity. This is also
negatively impacting small scale fisheries.

27. • GOAL 15 Sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, halt and reverse land degradation,
halt biodiversity loss
• Nature is critical to our survival: nature provides us with our oxygen,
regulates our weather patterns, pollinates our crops, produces our
food, feed and fibre. But it is under increasing stress. Human activity
has altered almost 75 per cent of the earth’s surface, squeezing
wildlife and nature into an ever-smaller corner of the planet.

28. • Goal 16: Promote just, peaceful and inclusive
societies
• Conflict, insecurity, weak institutions and limited access to justice
remain a great threat to sustainable development.
• The number of people fleeing war, persecution and conflict exceeded
70 million in 2018, the highest level recorded by the UN refugee
agency (UNHCR) in almost 70 years.
• In 2019, the United Nations tracked 357 killings and 30 enforced
disappearances of human rights defenders, journalists and
trade unionists in 47 countries.

29. Goal 17: Revitalize the global partnership for
sustainable development
• The SDGs can only be realized with strong global partnerships and
cooperation.
• A successful development agenda requires inclusive partnerships —
at the global, regional, national and local levels — built upon
principles and values, and upon a shared vision and shared goals
placing people and the planet at the centre.

30. How to achieve Sustainable Devlopment ?
5 Important Measures for ACHEVING Sustainable
Development :
(i) Technology
• Using appropriate technology is one which is locally adaptable, eco-friendly,
resource efficient and culturally suitable.
• It mostly involves local resources and local labour. Indigenous technologies
are more useful, cost-effective and sustainable. Nature is often taken as a
model, using the natural conditions of that region as its components. This
concept is known as “design with nature”. The technology should use less of
resources and should produce minimum waste.

31. (ii) Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle Approach:
• The 3-R approach advocating minimization of resource use, using them
again and again instead of passing it on to the waste stream and recycling
the materials goes a long way in achieving the goals of sustainability. It
reduces pressure on our resources as well as reduces waste generation and
pollution.
(iii) Promoting Environmental Education and Awareness:
• Making environmental education the centre of all learning process will
greatly help in changing the thinking pattern and attitude of people towards
our earth and the environment. Introducing subject right from the school
stage will inculcate a feeling of belongingness to earth in small children.
‘Earth thinking’ will gradually get incorporated in our thinking
and action which will greatly help in transforming our lifestyles to
sustainable ones.

32. • (iv) Resource Utilization as Per Carrying Capacity:
• Any system can sustain a limited number of organisms on a long-term basis which is
known as its carrying capacity. In case of human beings, the carrying capacity
concept becomes all the more complex. It is because unlike other animals, human
beings, not only need food to live, but need so many other things to maintain the
quality of life. Sustainability of a system depends largely upon the carrying capacity
of the system. If the carrying capacity of a system is crossed (say, by over
exploitation of a resource), environmental degradation starts and continues till it
reaches a point of no return.
• Carrying capacity has two basic components:
i. Supporting capacity i.e. the capacity to regenerate
ii. Assimilative capacity i.e. the capacity to tolerate different stresses.
• In order to attain sustainability it is very important to utilize the resources based
upon the above two properties of the system. Consumption should not exceed
regeneration and changes should not be allowed to occur beyond
the tolerance capacity of the system.

33. (v) Improving Quality of Life Including Social, Cultural
and Economic Dimensions:
• Development should not focus just on one-section of already affluent
people. Rather it should include sharing of benefits between the rich
and the poor. The tribal, ethnic people and their cultural heritage
should also be conserved. Strong community participation should be
there in policy and practice. Population growth should be stabilized.

34. Case study
• Along with being a basic human need, water is also a basic constituent for
the survival of eco-systems of which people and their cultures are important
components. The water resources distribution in India, predominantly an
agrarian economy, is highly asymmetric and has been accompanied by
severe decline in per-capita water availability during the past 50 years, with
agriculture being the maximum water user, leading to over-exploitation of
ground water and steadily depleting water tables along with a heavy energy
bill. Gujarat State falls in a water stressed zone of the country and is also the
victim of intra-state asymmetric water availability leading to an unwanted
socio-economic disparity, with the following results: a poor literacy
rate in water-deficit districts; concentration of industry and housing
in regions with better water resources endowment; and demographic
change, e.g. the shift of the prime workforce from
drought-prone districts to water-surplus districts.

35. This in turn denies the right to life, development, health, food, education and
work for these migrant communities. To ensure a balanced development when
there is less than one acre per capita of cultivable landholding and over 14 000
villages out of 18 563 are suffering from water scarcity, there is no other
alternative but to transfer water from surplus to scarce areas of the state. This
paper aims to raise some critical questions on water issues, food security,
energy viability, rights of people, and most importantly, water security in the
context of sustainable development.

36. Conclusion
• Sustainable development and issues related to global environmental
concerns has not been well addressed in action. Although some planning
initiatives have been taken at national, regional and local levels but when it
comes to implementation, not much progress has been made. There seems
to be lack of commitment and awareness among local agencies and
communities regarding to implementation of sustainable development
initiatives. Mechanism for implementation of sustainable development
initiative need to be seriously examined including capacity building,
leadership training, coordination of efforts, information transmitting, support
and commitment from authorities. To transform the lifestyle of the people is
something not easily done. It has to begin with awareness, and
continuous campaign from the government and active
participation from stakeholders such as NGOs,
local communities and private sectors.